...Theresa Gbekia Mr. Riemers World history 20/October/ 2013 The kingdom of Aksum lasted for about eight, hundred years. The kingdom's unremitted location allowed easy access to areas across the red sea, into the Indian Ocean and beyond. This remarkable kingdom was one of the first civilizations in the continent of Africa. Although Aksum had influential customs regardless the kingdom was found off of its indigenous African heritage, having created their mixed ethnicities/customs, a writing system, money currency and religion. Aksum was mostly populated with the indigenous Africans. It was long after the development of Aksum had there been any mixture of other ethnicity. The expansion of Aksum also welcomed other races and people. For example the people of southern Arabia were conquered by Aksum, the different races mix along with the rest of the other ethnicity Aksum took over in the African lands such as the Cushitic speaking people and Nilo-Saharan speaking people. With prove according to the book, the heritage of the world civilization, the people of Aksum are product of genetic mixing of southern Arabia and the first there indigenous African that were already there. It is apparent that the Ethiopian and Entrain look like mixed breed compare to other African nations. In result of this many people disregard Ethiopian and Entrant’s civilization as an African civilization but consider the fact that Aksum was long before any Arab arrival. Customs and daily life of people in...
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...Nov 12, 2012 CHAPTER 8 As the rise of Islam shifted the nexus of international trade from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf, I see that the Axumite kingdom of Ethiopia withdrew into the central highlands, why is that? Is it because of their distinctive culture and Christianity was consolidated in isolation from the outside world? I also notice that Ethiopia extended its control southwards, over the Shoan plateau and the central region of Amhara. My question is why did they expanded, I guess they wanted a more vast trade between different places, but will these places give them a hard time? As the Ethiopians did their thing the Muslim merchants had penetrated the Awash valley and by the 12th and 13th centuries had established a series of trading and raiding states. What benifit do the muslims gain from the peneration of the awash valley? Would it no cause conflict with other reglions? yes it brought conflict with Christian Ethiopians. I feel with the Muslim group they try convert non-Muslims to Muslims and that poses a problem. It is said that the Christian Ethiopians reached its peak when Muslim Adal almost destroyed its Christian rival, the latter only recovering when the Muslim leader was killed in battle. I find it so sad when history almost and always have to find wages of war to make a statement. For the east African interior, south of Ethiopia, was one of transition from early Iron Age to Later Iron Age technology and cultures. I notice evidence for these developments...
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...Ottoman lands * Selim III was overthrown and European powers began looking for ways to take the lands. * Geopolitics is the interest of taking lands because of its strategic positioning, geopolitics played an important role in Ottoman lands * Powers were very interested in Ottoman lands since it would control the Mediterranean and Atlantic sea trade. Merchants had to go through these lands. * The discovery of oil in Persia and Arabian Peninsula created more tension around this area Russia and Crimean War * Russia wanted to gain the Ottoman lands because of its grain exports * Russian czars would launch a war on the Ottomans to gain the Black Sea territory * The wars were fought on a peninsula and was called the Crimean War * Fearing that Russia would gain the Black Sea lands, France and Britain joined the ottoman side * The combined forces defeated the Russians * Even after winning the war against Russia, the Ottomans continued to lose territory. * The Russians had helped the Slavic people who were rebelling against the Ottomans at the time * Ottomans lost Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Bulgaria. Geopolitics lands create problems again * Great Britain and Russia fight over Muslim Lands * Great Game was the war over India, which were currently Britain’s most profitable colonies. * Russia wanted to gain India’s’ wealth but the British had successfully defended. * After...
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...Molokhia Mint tea Baklava Egyptian Cuisine Tips Do and Don’t . Name : Arab Republic of Egypt Capital: Cairo Independent day: Feb 28th 1922 Square: 1.001.450 km2 Population: 77.505.000 (2005) Border: North: Mediterranean Sea West: Libya East: Israel and Red Sea South: Sudan Language: Arab Religion: Islam Weather: desert, hot and dry summer temperate winter Flag Red: Revolution White: Purity Black: Dark time in the past Eagle of Saladin: Brave, Loyalty and Victory 1 12/2/2014 Egypt geography • 29th biggest country in the world. • Total area of 1,002,450 sq. km. • Located in the northeast corner of the African continent. • 4 main geological areas: Nile Valley and Delta: extends on both sides of the Nile from the southern limit of the river Western Desert: Extending from the Nile Valley in the east to the Egypt-Libyan border in the west and from the Mediterranean coast in the north to the southern- covers 2/3 of the country’s total land area. Eastern Desert: between the Nile Valley to the west, the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez to the east, Lake Manzala to the north and the Sudanese border to the south. Its underground treasures include gems, coal and oil. Sinai Peninsula:bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Gulf of Aqaba to the east. facts Tourism: 2010: 11% GDP, 14,7 millions of tourists, nearly 13 Billion$ 2011: Decrease number of tourist: 9.5 millions 2012: 11.2 millions of tourists 2013: increase 12% compared to...
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...I read about the Russian plane that crashed at the end of October, as a result of a bomb placed on it, at: independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/russia-confirms-plane-which-crashed-over-sinai-was-bombed-in-terror-act-a6737256.html, reuters.com/article/2015/11/19/us-egypt-crash-islamicstate -photo-idUSKCN0T725Q20151119#PJ3CrIelBmYGqRFm.97, & nytimes.com/2015 /11/01/ world/middleeast/russian-plane-crashes-in-egypt-sinai-peninsula.html. A Russian Airbus A321, operated by Metrojet, crashed soon after taking off, killing all 224 passengers and crew onboard. The plane was flying from the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to St. Petersburg, Russia. According to Hossam Kamal, the Egyptian transportation minister, “all was normal; the plane disappeared suddenly off the radar without any prior warning.” After investigations of the wreckage yielded traces of explosives, Russian security officials confirmed that the plane was brought down by a bomb. In the latest edition of the "Dabiq" magazine, the ISIS militant group claimed responsibility for the attack. The economic effects of this are that several airlines rerouted many flights to other destinations, so as to avoid flying over the Sinai Peninsula. Rerouting flights has a huge cost to the airlines. In addition, people with scheduled flights and plans over Sinai will have their schedules disrupted. Also, people will now be hesitant to fly on airlines in this region, which will cause a further loss of income to the airlines. Another...
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...To what extent were economic motives the most important reason for Britain obtaining influence and possessions in Africa from 1868 – 1902? There are many factors involved which allowed Britain to obtain influence and possessions in Africa during the scramble. The main factors are Strategic, The individuals in the field, humanitarian issues and properly the most important factor; economics. Economics could be described as the main reason for British interests in Africa to begin with but also remaining an important factor throughout this period. The British involvement in Africa was down to economic reasons; this is clear throughout the time period as most events which take place in Africa can be linked back to economy. One of the most important ecological was the purchase of 44% of the shares in the Suez Canal, these became available when the leader of Egypt; Khedvie Ismali became bankrupt and had to be bailed out. Disraeli bought the Egyptian shares in the canal for £3,976,582 in 1875. The purchasing of these shares was important as it gave Britain influence over this area, but also it opened a direct trade route with India. Due to British and French influence in the area, Britain and France assume dual control of Egypt’s finances. Although they manage to control debt levels, this is done at the expense of the Egyptian public and army. This interference led to an anti - European uprising in 1882 led by Arabi Pasha. On the 13th of September 1882 Sir Garnett Wolseley defeated...
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...January 28, 2012 A New Life As I wobbled in the cold and lonely bright room, I could spell the aroma of cleanliness hanging from the ceilings. I sat in a cold hard bottom chair patiently waiting on 0500 hours to come. As the time was winding down I had butterflies flying in the inside of my stomach. My palms were dripping with sweat and my eyes were telling the story of a weary one. All of a sudden I heard a loud buzz the doors came swinging open. I looked at the old time machine and seen that the moment I’ve been waiting for has finally arrived. Approaching me was a tall and skinny figure with a long white coat and black shoes that glided across the floor like skates. Those big blue eyes that I seen through those specs was to die for. Coming out of my fantasy with this Doctor I now knew that it was time for the big birth. He spoke fluently in his barrow town voice, “ Ms.Luckett are you ready” my reply was a smile so wide you could see the breakfast I had two hours before. He escorted me through the halls that seem as if they were never going to end. I was greeted by so many different smiles and body languages. Finally I had made it to my destination! The room was very dark and cold. In the room it was two chairs with floral printing on them that rocked back and forth. A television that looked like it was there since the WWII, and a bed that looked like it was hard enough to drive a car upon. The doctor gave me the ropes of the procedure and stated that I shouldn’t...
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...BIBL 104-D81 March 31, 2014 Forum 1 (Modules 2 and 3): Historical-Cultural Context 1. Historical-Cultural Context - According to Duvall & Hays, in Journey Into God’s Word; the first step in understanding the bible, or any historical text for that matter, is understanding the text as it relates to the original author and his or her specific audiences. If a reader doesn’t have a good grasp of the circumstances surrounding the introduction of the text at the time of authorship, how can he or she begin to understand the author’s original intent? Was the author relating a story to elicit particular feelings or emotions, laying down edicts to be followed without waiver, or just providing a narrative description of actual events? Furthermore, historical and cultural context give us a framework for looking at a passage or literary piece, and applying the information based upon the changes in the current conditions as they exist today. Duvall & Hays use the New Testament passage referencing the difficulty of a rich man entering the kingdom of heaven as a perfect example of the miss-application of historical context. For years children have been taught of a gate in the walls of Jerusalem called the ‘Eye of the Needle’ that was so narrow camels had to thread their way through very carefully. Unfortunately, there is no record of any such gate actually existing; therefore, even though the imagery is poignant, interpreting the meaning of the passage using this false historical...
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...Assignment 2: Title Name Professor name Campus Course Date School Sociology of Development (Saudi Arabia): You compare the Human Development (HDI) and Gender Empowerment (GEM) in your country of study. Consult with the UNDP web site at http://www.undp.org for data on your country of study. When analyzing the Human Development (HDI) and Gender Empowerment (GEM) in the country of Saudi Arabia, one will find that although in the past several years the country of Saudi Arabia has emerged in regards to overall development, there still remains to be a significant gap of progression between men and women. Through various economic and social development processes, Saudi Arabia has clearly taken a step in the right direction at promoting more or less, equal opportunities for women. These steps are carefully calculated and manifest at an extremely slow pace due to the fact the country does not want to conflict with Islamic Law, which is the doctrine that governs the country itself as well as surrounding Islamic countries. According to data compiled by the United Nations Development Progamme (UNDP), women in the Arabic world represent 2/3 of illiterates and have a higher unemployment rate than men. Just recently within the past decade or so, more women in Saudi Arabia are increasing their educational levels and this fact alone is, and has been attributing to the overall progression of human development and gender empowerment within...
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...them, endure them, and make yourself comfortable inside of them. Yes, I can honestly say this summer was a “bucket list” summer for me. One other item on my list while there was to experience The Red Sea, that miraculous place of astonishing crossings, partings, and transformations. So I got on the bus for the ride through the blistering Negev desert or the Wilderness as we know it (and as I saw, it truly is). Soon enough, clad in my hot pink swimsuit, I stood at the shores of the Red Sea. Then it was my turn to immerse myself and take “part” in this miracle. I looked across the waters of the Sea. On the opposite shores I could see Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan in one eyeful. Worlds away and yet so close. I stepped into the calm sparkling water … expectantly, and… OUCH! What I didn’t expect was to step onto sharp, jagged rocks. Apparently, the Red Sea is a rocky place. All I felt was the stab of rocks and the scorch of the Negev sun. Laughing at myself for over spiritualizing, I thought of one of my favorite Midrashim. Towards the end of the line of Israelites, two men, Reuven and Shimon are crossing through the sea. The thing is, they're both looking down. Apparently even though the water had drawn back from the sea creating water walls on either side, the bottom of the sea was still muddy. Reuven steps into this mud and sneers, "What is this muck? This is just like the slime pits of Egypt!" "Shimon scowls, "There’s mud all over the place! What’s the difference? Mud here...
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...The definite article - the The definite article The indefinite article Exercises: Articles The definite article - the The definite article the is the same for all genders in singular and in plural. the boy, the girl, the cat, the computers If the following word begins with a vowel, we speak [], if the following word begins with a consonant, we speak []. [] | [] | the following word starts with a spoken consonant | the following word starts with a spoken vowel | the girl | the English girl | the book | the orange book | the school | the old school | the unit Here a [] is pronounced at the beginning of the word. | the uncle Here a [] is pronounced at the beginning of the word. | We have listed some examples in the following table. There you can see when we use the definite article and when we don't. without the definite article | with the definite article | general words (indefinite) | general words (definite) | Life is too short. I like flowers. | I've read a book on the life of Bill Clinton. I like the flowers in your garden. | names of persons on the singular, relatives | family names in the plural | Peter and John live in London. Aunt Mary lives in Los Angeles. | The Smiths live in Chicago. | public buildings, institutions, means of transport (indefinite) | public buildings, institutions, means of transport (definite) | Mandy doesn't like school. We go to school by bus. Some people go to church on Sundays. | The school that Mandy goes...
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...Kimberly Craig-Assignment #2 Chapter 6 1. Choose a small section of the narrative of the plagues in Exodus 7-12, and identify the parts of the passage that you would attribute to J, E, and P. What characteristics phrases and themes of each source occur in the passage? Gnat and boils seems to belong to P, flies, cattle, hail, and locusts, and darkness go to J. E may be in the blood and locusts, but only a hint. 4. Compare Exodus 14 and 15. How do the prose and poetic accounts of the event at the Re(e)d Sea differ? In Exodus 14, the P version has them on the floor of the sea. In Exodus 15, the Romans were on the sea surface. It really all boils down to who could tell the bigger tale, like a proverbial fish story, it gets bigger as you tell it. Was it really a “sea of reeds” that was separated or the Red Sea? 6. How did the biblical writers make use of ancient Near Eastern mythology in their accounts of the Exodus? During the Bronze age, many of the worlds larger groups were going through a shift of power from older gods to younger gods. Babylon, Greek myth, Ugaritic myth, and Israel all have examples. Yahweh is compared to the storm gods Baal, Marduk, and Tiamat. Chapter 7 2. How does the suzerainty treaty provide a useful model for understanding biblical traditions about covenant and covenant making? A suzerainty treaty is when one party, the suzerainty, is superior to the other. The evidence points to biblical writers using this to elaborate the covenant between...
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...traveller and this was reflected within Skrzynecki's poems, "Crossing the Red Sea" and "A Drive in the Country." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step..." The importance of the journeying process, and the positive and negative outcomes of the journey, is not so much about the destination to which the travellers are headed, but the various occurrences that affect the traveller along the way. The importance of the journeying process was explored and exposed by Peter Skrzynecki and a variety of other composers. Skrzynecki, using the powerful textual vehicle of poetry explores the importance of the journeying process and its various outcomes, a journey often results in the confused and mixed emotions of the traveller and this was reflected within Skrzynecki's poems, "Crossing the Red Sea" and "A Drive in the Country." A person is always emotionally involved in the journeying process, highlighting its' importance, this is shown in Julius Caesar's public memoirs "De Bello Gallico", the political cartoon "Freedom"" (Sun-Herald, April '03) and text five from the Board of Studies Stimulus booklet, "Journeys over Land and Sea." Skrzynecki uses poetic techniques to explore the range of conflicting emotions associated with the journeying process, enabling a responder to identify with its importance. "Crossing the Red Sea" is the first poem in the anthology "Immigrant Chronicle" and...
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...depressed. “Then he locked the door of his room against them, and tucked into his duty-free” it is like Jon tries to get rid of his problems by buying his duty-free alcohol and lock the door. By locking the door, Jon is not a part of the world outside. He sits in his room by himself a drinking his problems and sorrows away. This is how he seeks comfort. “They hadn’t paid for his girlfriend to come, either, Mind you, the way things were going that was probably a plus. The silences between them had multiplied, then lengthened into an empty continuum” I really get an impression that they aren’t on very good speaking terms. All in all his life seems to be marginalized, and therefore he seems rather depressed. When Jon is diving in the Red...
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...There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, the enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist's. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motorcar...
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