...States is outdated and inefficient in terms of their electricity infrastructure. The grid provides no information about how the customers are using that energy, making it difficult to develop more efficient approaches to distribution. Smart grid enables information to flow back and forth between electric power providers and individual households to allow both consumers and energy companies to make more intelligent decisions regarding energy consumptions, and that’s why smart grid reduce costs, save energy and increase reliability. Information from smart grids would show utilities when to raise prices when demand is high or lower when demand lessens. If the Smart grid is implemented nationwide 5 to 15 percent in energy consumption will decrease. Smart grids is their ability to detect sources of power outages more quickly and precisely at the individual household level. In order to manage the smart grid it requires technology like network and switches for power management, sensors and monitoring devices to track the usage of energy and their distribution trends also systems linked to programmable appliances to run them when energy is least costly.SmartGridCity in Boulder, Colorado are attracting attention because of power flowing from a small number of power plants, the smart grid will make it possible to have a distributed energy system and it will create up to 370,000 jobs. SmartGridCity is also attempting to turn homes into “miniature power plants” using solar-powered battery...
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...Nonrenewable energies such as petroleum will eventually run out in the future. This is one of our key energy sources used today. The switch to renewable energy will not have an effect on human beings, and these renewable sources can reduce our carbon footprint. A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc. Ones carbon footprint can be calculated by factoring in the amount of people living in a home, the type of home environment, habits done that do not waste energy, and the green technologies already in use in ones home. The energy usage in my home is 36% less than the average 3-person home in the United States. My total usage of energy is about 14,978 kilowatt hours per year. For the carbon emissions of my family’s home, it is, in comparison to the average 3-person home in the United States, 27% less. My total emissions is around 15.92 tons of carbon dioxide per year (BP p.l.c, 2013). Although my energy usage and carbon emissions level are below the average American home, the impact my large carbon footprint has on the environment is still a great amount. A carbon footprint can be reduced through the usage of renewable energy sources, such as the most commonly used “green”...
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...Research suggests that solar energy is the best option for sustainable energy in this country because it generates clean, reliable electricity, it helps the economy, and it contributes to reducing the environmental impact generated by other energy sources Ricardo Araujo Westerns Governors University Energy production and usage continue to pose significant environmental challenges. Various administrative organizations have established various mechanisms through which environmental protection can get achieved (Growing Significance of Renewable Energy (Presentation), 2007). The threat emerges from the continuous usage of fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel that produce large amounts of emissions. Factories, households, transportation and offices continue to depend on fossil fuels as their primary source of energy for heating, lighting and other uses. The practice carries on despite the fact that they individual have the knowledge of the effects of the emissions that come from the fossil fuels. On the contrary, Craddock (2008) points out that individual choose to ignore the campaigns carried out by environmental safeguard activists across the world. As a result, the mitigation processes have had a slow but progressive response in the adoption of clean energy by various institutions across the globe. One of the focuses of the source of clean energy is solar power. The adoption of source of energy would significantly decrease the levels of global warming and ultimately,...
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...few decades, and shows no signs of slowing down. International tourist arrivals increased by 1.1 billion from 1995 to 2015, and are expected to reach 1.8 billion by 2030). According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization’s (UNWTO) long term forecast Tourism Towards 2030, the tourism industry has grown to become one of the world’s fastest growing and largest economic sectors (United Nations World Tourism Ogranization, 2015). Traditionally the hospitality and tourism industry has not been viewed as one that has a large impact on the natural environment, especially when compared to industries such as oil, gas, and consumer product manufacturing industries. However, hotels contribute to negative environmental impacts through energy and water usage, importing non-durable goods, as well as emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide. Hotel water consumption for laundry, showers, toilets, dishwashers, swimming pools, spas, golf course irrigation, as well as for other amenities, can consume up to 1million m3 of water per year (Gössling, 2013). Global warming and water scarcity are both acknowledged around the world as serious problems, and with the demand for water expected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, hotels must implement water waste management techniques and policies to help achieve sustainable tourism development (Tuppen, 2013). In 1995, an action plan for businesses in the travel and tourism sector was created by the World Travel & Tourism Council, the World Tourism...
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...Personal Energy Use My current energy usage consists of many forms of energy, mainly fossil fuels. In the home I use natural gas for cooking, and electricity for heat, hot water, and appliance usage. There is one other form of energy I use in the home and that is wood, a biofuel, as fuel to burn in the fireplace to help heat the house in the winter. On my way to work I use gasoline, another fossil fuel, as energy for transportation. While at work there is a large amount of energy usage, from powering the computer monitors all the way to supplying the power for ventilators so patients can breathe. My energy needs fluctuate throughout the year, as the summers and winters in Pennsylvania can be at the extremes. My energy usage in the summer is much lower than the winter. I rarely use my central air for cooling in the summer as I find opening the windows or spending time in the basement just as comforting. The days are longer which limits the amount of electricity I use for lighting. I do spend quite a bit of time traveling to the beach in the summer which uses a lot of gasoline. In the winter my energy consumption rises as the temperature drops. Electricity increases as the house needs to be heated and the days grow shorter increasing the light needed. The energy sources I rely on come mainly from fossil fuels, a non-renewable form of energy. Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, oil and make up approximately 82% of the United States energy demand ( Institute for Energy Research)...
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...Company Contents Green Computing 1 Energy Star 1 Power Consumption 1 Reducing Environmental Impact 3 Effective Measures 3 Recycling Computer Equipment 3 Individual Steps 4 Index 5 Green Computing Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment. When computers are discarded in landfills, they can release toxic materials and potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants. Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Strategies that support green computing include recycling, regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers. When you purchase a new computer, some retailers offer to dispose of your old computer properly. People use, and often waste, resources such as electricity and paper while using a computer. Society has become aware of this waste and is taking measures to combat it. Energy Star Personal computers, display devices, and printers should comply with guidelines of the ENERGY STAR program. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the ENERGY STAR program to help reduce the amount of electricity used by computers and related devices. This program encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power...
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...Aiken PatsyL@usca.edu David NEWLANDS Senior Assistant Professor International School of Management ~ IESEG, Lille, France d.newlands@ieseg.fr Abstract As the new millennium evolves, many further and higher education establishments are bracing themselves against externally imposed challenges. Emerging fiscal constraints are reducing public funding for public institutions in various countries including the United States, United Kingdom and France. USCA for example saw state appropriations reduce from $11.1M in 2008 to $6.1M in 2011. Rising costs of energy in part due to under-capacity to store during off-peak seasons and infrastructure overhaul project investments compound budgetary decision making. Reducing energy consumption requirements partially can alleviate the funding shortfall. Environmentally friendly solutions that reduce dependence on, or usage of fossil fuels, can contribute to reducing the destruction of, or help clean, our world. This solution reduces costs and simultaneously provides attractive incentives to exert intensive efforts...
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...Sustainability initiatives for MacVille 1 Allow air-conditioning to turn off automatically after working hours 2 Lights switched off after working hours 3 Recycle paper 4 Dual-flush of toilets to be used Activity 2 Best practice model 1 Organisation name University of Oregon's campus recycling program Best practice Looking at current proposals and examine waste stream, purchase recycled products and establishing a recycling program on site to reduce wastes Best practice model 2 Organisation name Good guys Bendigo Best practice Upgrade lighting, for example replacing metal halide high-bay lights with...
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...unnecessary daily water usage is not improving the California drought. There are many options available to individuals and businesses to help conserve water. In this research paper we will discuss the techniques, eco-friendly appliances and drought tolerant landscaping ideas to help conserve. We will also go into greater detail on rebate incentives to persuade individuals to preserve water consumption. As an employee of the municipal water district I will be discussing the different techniques individuals and companies can take to help conserve water. Individuals can change many things in their daily routines such as, turning the water off while brushing teeth and hands as well as not letting the water run longer then needed. Individuals who use their dishwasher can wait till the dishwasher is full and wash only certain days a week. They can do the same when washing laundry as well and use the cold cycle rather than hot water whenever possible. I am going to focus on these three beneficial techniques, not flushing every time we use the bathroom, recycling and reusing water, and only using appliances when they are full. The point of view that I am going to take is from an employee at a municipal water district teaching homeowners to save water during this drought. I will be sharing my thoughts on appliances that are energy/water saving. I will go into detail on the household appliances inside of the house. I will discuss all ways to reduce water usage with dishwashers, washing...
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...Infrastructure Design Green Maturity Model for Virtualization Application Patterns for Green IT Architecture Journal Profile: Udi Dahan Profiling Energy Usage for Efficient Consumption Project Genome: Wireless Sensor Network for Data Center Cooling Green IT in Practice: SQL Server Consolidation in Microsoft IT Contents Foreword by Diego Dagum 1 18 Environmentally Sustainable Infrastructure Design by Lewis Curtis A comprehensive understanding of environmental sustainability needs for IT infrastructure system design. 2 Green Maturity Model for Virtualization by Kevin Francis and Peter Richardson The authors present a study on the maturity of virtualization practices and offer a sustainability roadmap for organizations planning a green agenda. 9 Application Patterns for Green IT by Dan Rogers and Ulrich Homann A complete analysis on power-efficient applications design, considering tools that help the architect achieve scalability without deriving in energy waste. 16 Architecture Journal Profile: Udi Dahan For this issue’s interview, we catch up with Udi Dahan, noted expert on SOA and .NET development, and four-time Microsoft MVP. 22 Profiling Energy Usage for Efficient Consumption by Rajesh Chheda, Dan Shookowsky, Steve Stefanovich, and Joe Toscano This article suggests that tracking energy consumption at every level will become the factor of success for green architecture practitioners. 24 Project Genome: Wireless Sensor Network for...
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...Action plan & proposed environmental management system for Aitken Spence printing Aitken Spence group of companies undertake by it's co-operate policy to ensure the sustainable development through environment friendly manner. Co-operate vision state "We understand co-operate sustainability as a proactive approach to ensure the long term viability, profitability and integrity of the business by optimizing resource use and managing environmental & social impacts. As a diversified business group operating in several countries, we remain committed to continue our legacy of exemplary co-operate citizenship by aligning our sustainable strategies with global initiatives on sustainable development." In order to achieve our co-operate vision Aitken Spence strive to ➢ Exceed all legal and other requirement for the sustainable operation and development of the company ➢ Facilitate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and the principles of the United Nations Goal Compact ➢ Conduct all business in an ethical manner and encourage and support our partners to conduct business ethically ➢ Engage with stakeholders, consider their opinions at all stages of planning and operations ➢ Encourage supply chains to implement sustainable strategies and manage them ➢ Inculcate sustainability concept and views in strategic decision-making ➢ Use sustainable processes in...
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...The Smart Grid is a decentralized and interactive system. The interactive nature will involve two-way communication between the utility companies and the consumer. Through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) consumers are able to make better energy use decisions, defer usage to off-peak periods, and contribute power to peak period usage. Utilities will be better able to detect problems within their own systems and react quickly to replace power sources from multiple possible sources. The “Prices to Devices” concept, based on the premise that energy is priced in real time, allows for ongoing transmission of power availability and pricing to “smart” home controllers and devices. The devices can interpret this information to alter energy usage accordingly – to defer usage to more amenable and less expensive times. The current U.S. power grid is no doubt an amazing machine, but it has many limitations and poses many challenges. One main drawback of the current system is that it was built to move power in one direction – from the plant to the consumer. Years ago this made sense, but today it limits the ability to handle power generated from wind turbines and solar panels. The smart grid uses two-way communication, which handles excess distributed power as well as detects and avoids potential power outages. Currently, power companies rely on customers to tell them if there is an outage or problem. The smart grid automatically detects the problem and instantly reroutes...
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...cost-effective infrastructure for running HPC, enterprise and Web applications. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud computing on the environment. In order to design such solutions, deep analysis of Cloud is required with respect to their power efficiency. Thus, in this chapter, I discuss various elements of Clouds which contribute to the total energy consumption and how it is addressed in the literature. I also discuss the implication of these solutions for future research directions to enable green Cloud computing. The paper also explains the role of Cloud users in achieving this goal. Table of Contents ABSTRACT: 2 1. Introduction 3 2. What is Cloud computing? 6 2.1 Cloud Computing Characteristics 7 2.2 Components of Cloud Computing 8 2.3 Cloud Computing Deployment Models 10 3. Cloud Computing and Energy Usage Model: A Typical Example 12 4. Features of Clouds enabling Green computing 13 5. Towards Energy Efficiency of Cloud computing: State-of-the-Art 15 5.1 Applications 15 5.2 Cloud Software Stack: Virtualization and Provisioning 15 5.3 Datacenter level: Cooling...
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...helping us choose this topic and guiding us throughout the report. His constant encouragement and infinite support were the key ingredients of our report. We are deeply indebted to Dean ESD Prof. Rajiv Gupta and the faculty members for providing us with the information required in the project. Finally, we would like to thank our college BITS PILANI for providing an opportunity to do this informative report. Abstract Carbon Credits are a tradable permit scheme under United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) which give the owner the right to emit one metric tonne of carbon-di-oxide equivalent. They provide an efficient mechanism to reduce the green house gas emissions by monetizing the reduction in emissions. Rural India has a tremendous potential to earn carbon credits by setting up household based energy substitution or fuel switching projects like biogas plants, solar cookers and solar cells, smokeless chulhas etc. In this study, we propose setting up of a 5MW solar power plant so as to offset the carbon emissions produced by the villages under consideration and BITS. The basis of this model is the research study conducted in villages of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, India...
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...plenty of beaches from the Pacific Ocean. During the summer is warm but breezy from the winds off the Pacific and during the winter it does not snow. It does rain frequently from November through March, which sustains life to the environment and to creatures around in the area. San Francisco provides a great environment ideal for green economic building. It gives the perfect palate for the canvas of green building. This environment climate is ideal for benefits towards the community and residence of the complex. Climate will play a role in how the building is constructed and steps taken for energy conservation. The use of natural resources will assist in many ways such the winds off the Pacific to help cool residences off in the evening and reducing the heat palate. There will be a windmill design on the property to use natural winds from the Pacific to power the complex reducing the energy usages especially during the summer. The fact San Francisco does not have extremely harsh winters leaves open possibilities for residences to plant and grow their own food on the property using natural resources, which in return will help the environment along with feeding residences and wildlife. Purpose The green apartment complex will house sixty to seventy-five residents with approximately thirty-five units ranging from two to three bedroom condos. This building will represent giving back in every way including the...
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