...of the deconstruction of our many traditional and long established components of civilization, such as our typical ‘correctional’ establishments, or prison facilities (Davis 2000). In fact, there is already what is commonly referred to as the ‘prison abolition movement’ which is a collective, but not necessarily organized, worldview that is inclined to subscribe to the belief that a society can function better without prisons, and without prisoners thus. This position is backed up by a comprehensive set of criticisms against the modern form or structure of the criminal justice mechanism, which is argued to be predominantly predisposed allow racism (Davis 2007), sexism and reinforcement of the disadvantages of being part of the lower economic class of the society. More importantly, the anti-prison discourse argues that the prison system is an ineffective and costly means of preventing crime and rehabilitating the criminals, and thus goes to advocate alternative forms of Penalty such as those related to community service. Such a worldview is believed to have at least influenced the change in correctional policies of state governments in the last half decade, probably in...
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...describing the concept of attorney–client confidentiality and its importance to the criminal justice system. Include a discussion of the major concerns involved in maintaining confidentiality. CJS 220 Capstone Capstone Discussion Question Post your response to the following: This course has taught the law as a “living body.” How do personalities, actions, trends, political correctness, and the moral aptitudes or ineptitudes of society influence the creation of governing laws? Do you think laws are a reflection of society or society is a reflection of laws? Explain your answers. CJS 220 Due Process Write a 200- to 300-word response describing the concept of due process, including how it applies to the criminal justice system. CJS 220 Final Write a 700-to 1,050-word paper in which you describe the appeals process. Address the following: · What is an appeal? · How do appeals factor into the overall criminal procedures and processes? · How can we improve the appeals process? Include at least one example of a real-world case that went through the appeals process. Explain why this appeal did or did not succeed. Format your paper and resource consistent with APA guidelines. CJS 220 Final 1 In this file of CJS 220 Final 1 you will find the next information: Write a 1500-1700 words paper on Fiction Versus Reality. CJS 220 Final 2 In this document of CJS...
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...activities located on the student website: • Chapter 1: The Criminal Justice System > Learning Modules > Criminal Justice Process • Chapter 4: Criminal Law > Learning Modules > Crime Elements • Chapter 4: Criminal Law > Learning Modules > Legal Defenses • Chapter 4: Criminal Law > Myths & Issues Videos > Myth v. Reality: The Insanity Defense is often used Successfully • Chapter 6: Police and the Constitution > Myths & Issues Videos > Myth v. Reality: The Miranda Warnings have to be Read Immediately Upon Arrest • Chapter 8: The Courts: History, Structure, and Key Players > Learning Modules > Types of Witnesses • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Learning Modules > Post-Arrest Activities • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Learning Modules > The Bail System • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Learning Modules > The Pros and Cons of Plea Bargaining • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Learning Modules > Steps in the Trial Process • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Learning Modules > Rights at Trial • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Learning Modules > Jury Deliberation • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Myths & Issues Videos > Myth vs. Reality: Most Cases go to Trial • Chapter 9: Pre-Trial Activities and the Criminal Trial > Myths & Issues Videos > Issue 1: Plea Bargaining: The Pros...
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...“Privatizing conflicts”. Concerns with restorative justice Table of content Introduction 2 1 The appeal of restorative justice 3 2 Privatizing conflicts 5 2.1 Legal sphere concerns with privatizing conflicts 5 2.2 Feministic concerns with privatizing conflicts 8 3 Underexplored pitfalls 11 Conclusion 12 References 14 Introduction This paper is written within the framework of the master course ‘Restorative Justice’. It aims to be an academic reflection on some of the concepts educated throughout these classes.[1] The literature on restorative justice is extensive and therefore the case for it will not be made again here. Basic notions will not be repeated in this paper. The majority of criminologists already accept the letdown of the current criminal justice system on certain accounts; problems have been solidly exposed and opponents of restorative justice have been constantly defending the need for their rationale. Perceived advantages are well-known and have been documented soundly. But this work attempts to look beyond the reform minded and optimistic spirit that most of the restorative body of thought (rightfully) carries. Certain less obvious aspects of the theory might be underconceptualized, overlooked or taken for granted. Taking the concern of some more critical authors that restorative justice processes ‘privatize’ conflicts as a starting point, it will be explored whether or not this privatizing...
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...Restorative Justice XXXXXXXXX American Military University Professor Michael Beshears CMRJ316 Correction and Incarceration January 20, 2011 Abstract The general disillusion with the present punishment-based and rehabilitative approaches to crime control has created a political climate ripe for reform. A new move based on the premise of accountability and remedial has great appeal. While restorative justice seems to guarantee a distinct third alternative, the imprecise use of the emerging "vocabulary of restoration" has created as much confusion as clarity about the fundamental concepts of the new paradigm. Restorative justice has come to mean all things to all people. I agree with Walgrave and Bazemore: “A coherent definition and vision should serve as a unifying focus for reflection and experimentation among practitioners and scientists, and should inform policy makers and the public about what restorative justice is and is not” (Bazemore and Walgrave, 1999a, p. 46). Restorative justice, as a practice, has a history older than state justice does, yet the example of restorative justice has only recently begun to be expressed. Since Howard Zehr's book Changing Lenses (1990) first sketched the outlines of the restorative justice example, little agreement principles have evolved (McCold, 1998c). Recently, two competing definitions of restorative justice have been brought...
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...become far more advanced over the years in the criminal justice system. With all the advanced technology available, it affects the communication capabilities used within the system, both with positive and negative affects. This paper allows a person to learn a little more about the technology available and its affects. One advanced technology used in the criminal justice system is the biometric iris scanning technique. The iris scanning technology used to allow for the capture of each individual’s unique iris pattern by the use of a photograph. These photographs are then stored in a database and used as an identifier, just like fingerprints would be("Biometrics: Facial Recognition And Iris Scanning", n.d.). Iris scanning however is a little different from fingerprinting. Unlike fingerprints, the iris can be scanned from a distance of six feet away whether by surveillance or still cameras, or on an unsuspecting person is being photographed and spied upon. Dr. Marios Savvides, Director of the CyLab Biometrics Lab, along with a group of researchers are working on breaking ground in the enhancement of iris scanning as well as coming up with the creation of new technology. Savvides is focusing on the image quality and device efficiency, which are two problematic areas used in biometric authentication(“Iris and Facial Recognition”, 2014). The images used in iris scanning are usually low quality and contains random reflections in or around the iris and pupil that could possibly...
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...2012Criminal Court Visit Essay Abstract The purpose of this paper is to highlight the different aspect of the Criminal Justice after visiting the criminal justice office(s). The visit is done during the last week of September 2010 and the visiting point was the United States District First Court of Appeal, the court located at 301 S. ML King Blvd. Tallahassee, Florida. In this paper the findings will be discussed that what factors (selected) are involved that affect the process of administration of justice. It will be tried the best to explain the observations and views with comparison and contrast. However, the points will be discussed in narrative format to grab the information precisely. The Criminal Court Visit and the Observations First, have some information about the Criminal Justice. The Criminal Justice is the system or group of system and institutions that have the prime responsibility to mitigate the crime or crime rate and to take necessary actions to cope with the situations that is critical and sensitive in nature to maintain the peaceful environment of the society. It is ideal profession for those who has investigative mind. The President's Commission defined the criminal justice system as the means for society to "enforce the standards of conduct necessary to protect individuals and the community”. (The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society, 1967) The Criminal Justice system has three main parts: Police, Courts and Jails also...
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...Criminal Justice Paper Abstract When thinking of correction one may think of the impact that the correctional system has in law enforcement. Well the impact is heavy and the outcome is heavier then most may expect. Corrections go way back to the early 2000 B.C. time. This paper will address the past, current and future trends of how punishment is applied to the correctional system. Also address within this paper will be the impact that the correctional system has on law enforcement and the courts. History of punishment The history of the correctional system started in the early 2000 B.C to about 1800 A.D. This time frame was the introduction of the ancient Babylonian and Sumerian presented the first American Penitentiary. The early correctional system presented many different philosophies and practices of corrections. There were two that became very popular and still are till today. Lex Salica is he vigilante, a person whom decided to take the law and justice into his or her one hands. The vigilante is the person whom seeks revenge and retaliation upon the wrongdoing or upon his or her family. When the introduction of Lex talionis was presented it was like everyone became vigilante. Lex talionis was known for mean “an eye for and eye or a tooth for a tooth, this from of justice was when the government decide to take control and own the crimes committed. The governments become the only organization to deliver justice for the family and victim of criminal acts. In the beginning...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper Tomanika Nicholson December 12, 2012 CJA/334 Christopher Franks Research Process and Terminology Paper Introduction This essay will discuss four main topics, which are terminology I learned for the reading, how will the terminology and knowledge apply to a career in criminal justice, how can the knowing proper terminology affect me as I conduct criminal justice research and how will knowing these terms be an asset to me when evaluating and analyzing research studies. Terminology I learned from reading I will include terms for chapter one and chapter two. I will define what the terms I learned mean and how I perceived them. I will define the terms that I learned from chapter one first. There were many terms that was new to me that I have never heard before, however, I will only define three terms form chapter one. The first word I will define is “Historicism,” which means a theory that events are determined or influenced by conditions and inherent processes beyond the control of humans (thefreedictictionary, 2012). My belief of this meaning is that something takes place out of the human control such as ghost or the supernatural. The second word is “Scientism,” which means, the belief that the assumptions, methods of research, of the physical and biological sciences are equally appropriate and essential to all other disciplines, including the humanities and the social sciences (dictionary.reference, 2012). My belief of this meaning...
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...Personal Criminological Theory Review AJS/542 August 11, 2015 Introduction For many years, criminologist have studied criminal behavior and have developed theories that try to explain the causes for committing crimes. Our society is constantly changing where crime is becoming more recognized to the general public. This paper is a personal reflection of criminological theory. I will discuss my explanation of the occurrence of crime and why people commit crime, the different variables to consider, assumptions based on a theory and finally, what methodologies could be used to evaluate my theory. Explanation of Crime, Why People Commit Crime? While growing up in the city of Detroit, Michigan, I have witness more crime that I would ever care to see in a lifetime. This has also become my feelings for Baltimore, Maryland. I believe that the occurrence of crime is due to life choices of poverty and mental illness. This not only applies to the city of Detroit, but also many communities that have high crime rates. Baltimore is another city that has become torn over the fight between the police department and the struggling community. Crimes are committed by people who are in need of something. Some do it because they do not know any better, they have learned behaviors from their environments. While those who do not have education or jobs, the norm for these individuals is to take what they feel they are entitled to. On the other hand, some people may commit crimes because...
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...Week 1 Reflection Paper Thou shall not kill! Thou shall not steal! Two of the most universally accepted “laws” which have been handed down over the years. These are called Natural Laws which “refer to a body of principles and rules imposed upon individuals by some power higher than man-made law and therefore considered to be uniquely fitting for and binding on any community of rational beings.” (Inciardi, 2010) Natural Laws are the building blocks of the modern criminal justice system. The Code of Hammurabi is a perfect example of Natural Law effecting the legal system. Most of the current code of laws are based on the Code of Hammurabi since the Code of Hammurabi is the first known legal document. The Code of Hammurabi is most notably remembered for the “eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth.” It gives a crime and the punishment for the crime. Many of the 282 crimes are Natural Laws passed on from religious texts. Most industrialized countries have laws that cover the basic Natural Laws in their criminal justice system. The basis of modern society can also be traced back to Natural Laws. If a person commits the offense of rape, murder, or any other of the many violent crimes, then he or she is held accountable and punished accordingly to that crime. It generally does not matter what country you were in if you commit one of these crimes. In the end, it is generally met with a harsh punishment for a heinous crime. In a nut shell, Natural Laws are religious principles...
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...If you don't receive any download link within a minute. Please contact us immediately. ( hwminute@gmail.com) Visit Website: http://hwminute.com/ Week One: Ethics and the Criminal Justice Practitioner Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Explain the importance of ethics to the criminal justice practitioner.1.2 Distinguish between morality, ethics, duties, and values.1.3 Explain common theories related to ethics in criminal justice. 1.4 Analyze ethical decision-making processes. Reading Read the Week One Read Me First. Reading Read Ch. 1 of Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Reading Read Ch. 2 of Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Reading Read Ch. 3 of Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 4 of 7 days 1 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ1 due day 3DQ 2 due day 5 3 Learning Team InstructionsLearning Team Charter Select Learning Team members who work together throughout the course.Create the Learning Team Charter. Day 7 Learning Team InstructionsWeekly Team Review Review the Week One objectives and discuss insights and questions you may have. Learning Team InstructionsEthical Decision-Making Paper (Preparation) Begin working on the Ethical Decision-Making Paper due in Week Two. IndividualEthics Awareness Inventory Complete the Ethics Awareness Inventory (EAI), located on the student website, in preparation for the Week Two...
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...The theory of social agreement paper 544 2/22/2016 Melba V. Pearson The theory of social agreement paper In my paper, I will discuss John Locke social contract theory, which it will assist on how his principles are even within the criminal justice system. In private security, issues were currently happening. In this paper as well will discuss in-depth information debate if John Locke’s central beliefs also morals relate to the criminal justice also private security location. A summary will do to help identify main dissimilarities of the social contract theories, also, recognize main any principles related to Locke’s social contract theory. Then label how these how the codes infused in the bill of right within the United States. Then recognize how these principles saw with the criminal justice also security organizations of a present, as well finally describe independence concerning personal rights also proper principles also the obligation. Variations of the social contract theories In the social contract theory, there were three important theorists, which portrayed an essential part in developing the idea for it. The whole idea of the theory was to assist how people would exist; within society that controlled by the government also, it laws. All of these theorists have a various form of concepts of the state of nature one, of the theorist's name Thomas Hobbies. He believed that people were egotistical. They were frightened Hobbies felt...
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...Restorative Justice Paper Joseph R. Bain CJA 224 July 05, 2014 Aileen Azadian Introduction Among many basic human qualities is the fundamental need to assign blame and punish wrongdoers. With the framing of the U.S. Constitution the people and the government sought to stress the importance of law in order to maintain among many things, moral principles which were vital to human life, justice and liberty. The expectation being of course that laws would help maintain social order which would ensure life, liberty and justice. To highlight this fact, violating the law carries with it certain consequences. Perhaps the most significant of these consequences is the concept of punishment. The idea and purpose of this concept is to assign the deserved punishment relative to the violation. The mechanism of punishment helps to discourage and deter others in society from committing such behavior. There are 5 rationales that exist, operate and support the idea of punishment in today’s criminal justice system. They are retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, restoration and incapacitation. Retribution centers solely on the punishment of the offender. Almost as a bi-product of retribution comes deterrence. Deterrence, as stated before helps to discourage others in society from committing criminal behavior. Rehabilitation helps to reform offenders in the hopes of eventually reintegrating offenders back into society as productive members. Restoration seeks to make the victim and...
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...The Social Contract Theory of John Locke Paper University of phoenix Finance and Budgeting in Justice and Security AJS/532 Matthew O’Deane November 20, 2013 The Social Contract Theory of John Locke Paper My paper evaluates the Social Contract Theory of John Locke, and how his principles are even within the criminal justice system, and private security situations nowadays. This paper shall also in great detail debate whether or not Locke’s’ values and beliefs pertain to criminal justice as well as private security venues. A summary will be presented to identify key dissimilarities of the social contract theories, recognize key any principles connected with Locke’s social contract theory, label how these codes are instilled within the United States Bill of Rights, recognize how these principles show within the criminal justice system and security organizations of present, and lastly define independence in regards to personal rights and proper principles, and commitments. “A social contract is a voluntary agreement in which mutual benefit occurs between and for individuals, groups, government or a community as a whole. According to Locke, the State of Nature, the natural condition of mankind, is a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct one's life as one best sees fit, free from the interference of others (Kelly, Martin. (2012)).” This doesn’t mean that it is a state of authorization: a citizen isn’t...
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