...justice also security organizations of a present, as well finally describe independence concerning personal rights also proper principles also the obligation. Variations of the social contract theories In the social contract theory, there were three important theorists, which portrayed an essential part in developing the idea for it. The whole idea of the theory was to assist how people would exist; within society that controlled by the government also, it laws. All of these theorists have a various form of concepts of the state of nature one, of the theorist's name Thomas Hobbies. He believed that people were egotistical. They were frightened Hobbies felt that people wanted a feeling of protection also control. That if individuals desired a sense of self-protection also security, they should have required coming into a social contract also give up their free will also their civil liberties. To sum it all up, the government made to control people, in society lives Thomas also felt that people were free to obtain any item or property they want. If...
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...nine African American students from Little Rock, Arkansas who enrolled at Central High School. No African American student was allowed to enroll in an all White school, until the Supreme Court passed a ruling in which schools would be integrated. It was a trying time for these nine students as they suffered through violence, hate, segregation, humiliation, and fear. Little did they know that their actions during the 1957-1958 school year would mark an important event that changed history forever. They endured massive amounts of pain during their ordeal of mainly trying to get an education. But they received help and support along the way. The Little Rock Nine shaped the educational systems and gave hope to a divided nation at the time. They would grow to be successful individuals and remembered as unsung heroes in Civil Rights history. The Little Rock Nine: The Crisis That Shaped a Nation In 1957, nine ordinary teenagers walked out of their homes and stepped up to the front lines in the battle for civil rights. The “Little Rock Nine” or the “Little Rock Crisis” refers to a time in history in which nine African American students were prevented from attending Little Rock Central High School, located in the southern state of Arkansas. This also took place during the Civil Rights Movement. The Little Rock Nine were the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School. The nine students were: Minnijean Brown Trickey, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma...
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...independence in regards to personal rights and proper principles, and commitments. “A social contract is a voluntary agreement in which mutual benefit occurs between and for individuals, groups, government or a community as a whole. According to Locke, the State of Nature, the natural condition of mankind, is a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct one's life as one best sees fit, free from the interference of others (Kelly, Martin. (2012)).” This doesn’t mean that it is a state of authorization: a citizen isn’t free to do whatever they wish, even if you feel it’s in your best interest. The State of Nature, while a state where there isn’t any civil power or regime to penalize individuals for indiscretions against any types of law, is not any type of state with any morals. The State of Nature is viewed as civilization prior to politics but not pre-moral. “Persons are assumed to be equal to one another...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION FAITH, FREEDOM, AND PUBLIC SCHOOL NOTES Session 1 Notes Legally Supported Abington School District v. Schempp Many people think this is the case that the Bible had been thrown out of public schools, but it was really the type of Bible reading that had been thrown out of Schools. There was a PA law that said, “At least ten verses from the Holy Bible shall be read, without comment, at the opening of each public school on each school day. Any child shall be excused from such Bible reading, or attending such Bible reading, upon the written request of his parent or guardian.” Edward Schempp challenged this law saying that the state should not be making Bible reading mandatory. The Supreme Court favored Schempp and declared “this type” of Bible reading in the public schools to be unconstitutional. They did however say, “It certainly may be said that the Bible is worthy of study for its literary and historic qualities.” Florey v. Sioux Falls School District This federal case dealt with Religious Holidays. The Sioux Falls school policy read, “Music, art, literature, and drama having religious themes or basis are permitted as part of the curriculum for school sponsored activities and programs if presented in a prudent and objective manner and as a traditional part of the cultural and religious heritage of the particular holiday.” However, the ACLU sued the school district over this policy...
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...in Colonial Virginia and was the first child of his fathers’ second marriage. His father, Augustine Washington and mother Mary Ball Washington were owners of a tobacco plantation and gained a reputation as being moderately prosperous. As a young boy, George Washington suffered many family tragedies with the loss of several of his siblings and by the age eleven the loss of his father. George Washington would have his older step/half brother Lawrence, who was an intelligent man, an experienced soldier and the owner by inheritance of his fathers’ land and responsibilities; raise and guide him, until he too would lose a battle with tuberculosis in 1752. (Haworth, 8-9) George Washington received an education in his town school as a boy. It was a simple school of that which could be afforded by the neighborhood. There he would learn the basic skills; reading, and writing. His father Augustine seemed to have more of an impact on his mind intellectually teaching George moral culture, virtue and inspired him to appreciate justice, generosity and most of all a love of truth. During this period, George’s brother Lawrence was away getting his education in England, which was not uncommon for the more prominent families to do. George would have followed in the tradition if his father did not pass early in his life. On the arrival of his brother after finishing his education, Lawrence became an immediate figure in George’s life. Lawrence would soon join in a military movement...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ANTHRAX VACCINE AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE: A DILEMMA FOR HOMELAND SECURITY by Thomas L. Rempfer December 2009 Thesis Advisor: Second Reader: Stanley Supinski Dean Lynch Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 2. REPORT DATE December 2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Anthrax Vaccine as a Component of the Strategic National Stockpile: A Dilemma for Homeland Security 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas L. Rempfer 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000...
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...Review of Research School Leadership Study Developing Successful Principals Stephen Davis Linda Darling-Hammond Michelle LaPointe Debra Meyerson Stanford Educational Leadership Institute Commissioned by The Wallace Foundation SELI Stanford University School of Education 520 Galvez Mall Stanford, CA 94305-3084 Phone: 650.724.7384 Fax: 650.723.9931 Email: principalstudy@stanford.edu http://seli.stanford.edu This report was commissioned by The Wallace Foundation and produced by the Stanford Educational Leadership Institute in conjunction with The Finance Project. © 2005 Stanford Educational Leadership Institute (SELI). All rights reserved. Principals play a vital role in setting the direction for successful schools, but existing knowledge on the best ways to prepare and develop highly qualified candidates is sparse. What are the essential elements of good leadership? How are successful leadership development programs designed? What program structures provide the best learning environments? What governing and financial policies are needed to sustain good programming? “School Leadership Study: Developing Successful Principals” is a major research effort that seeks to answer these questions. Commissioned by The Wallace Foundation and undertaken by the Stanford Educational Leadership Institute in conjunction with The Finance Project, the study will examine eight highly developed pre- and inservice program models that address key issues in developing strong...
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...Counseling Ethics Christin M. Jungers, PhD, LPCC, NCC is an Associate Professor of Counselor Education at Franciscan University of Steubenville. She obtained her doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision from Duquesne University and has worked in the field as a counselor since 2000. Christin is a licensed professional clinical counselor, as well as a National Certified Counselor. Her clinical work spans a variety of issues and includes counseling with individuals, couples, and families. Currently, she offers pro-bono counseling services in Steubenville and Wintersville, Ohio through the Catholic Diocese of Steubenville. She is the editor of The Counselor’s Companion: What Every Beginning Counselor Needs to Know (co-written with Jocelyn Gregoire), as well as numerous articles. Christin also has conducted trainings abroad in the Seychelles Islands and in Mauritius, which have been aimed at providing consultation to emerging counseling programs. Jocelyn Gregoire, CSSp, EdD, LPC, NCC, ACS has been a Roman Catholic priest for 25 years and has been involved in the counseling field for many years. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Counseling, Psychology, and Special Education at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In addition to his doctorate in Education, he holds two other graduate degrees. Through his expertise as a professional counselor, Dr. Gregoire has helped thousands of people across the world in their journeys toward...
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...in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences, and engage in the same intellectual and social life as American students. This issue of Duke Law Magazine provides...
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...in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences, and engage in the same intellectual and social life as American students. This issue of Duke Law Magazine provides...
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...teacher, as teachers these days, offer so much more to the class than just the information. They offer themselves. A collective definition of a teacher, is someone who “yearns to help children learn, watch them grow, and make a meaningful difference in the world” (Teacher Support Network, 2007, para. 2). This definition must be the main reason as to why individuals pursue teaching as a career. Generally the pay is low to fair, but the overall rewards are much greater, for as a teacher one can touch the hearts of the young and open their minds in order to tap their thirst for knowledge. ------------------------------------------------- [edit]The Long Road Becoming a teacher is a lengthy process obtained by numerous routes, such as night school or attending a four year college. Regardless of the process it is important to obtain at least a Bachelors degree in the desired teaching area, as well as a teacher certification which should include clinical experience (Lewis, L., Parsad, B., Carey, N., Bartfai, N., Farris, E. & Smerdon, B., 1999, para. 3). The average starting salaries were about $31,704 in the year 2003-04, whereas the average teaching salary was about $46,597 for the year 2004-2005 (Pearson Education Inc, table). Compare this to the average cost of living in the United States today which is continually rising (Boskey, para. 3). style="background-color: #FFF7F7;border: solid 1px #FFBDBD; padding: 1em;" valign=top | Teacher's Salaries Across the US | Teaching...
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...right to privacy for consumers, social responsibility, and trade restrictions. For Information Technology (IT) specifically, these can translate to considerations on how technology is used to violate people's privacy, how automation leads to job reductions, or how management information and its corresponding systems are used and abused for personal gain. In the last 25 years, people have seen an overwhelming technology infusion affecting business, education, and society. Virtually all areas of the society have been transformed by the usage of technology. The change is important from an ethical perspective in terms of who Information Technology (IT) workers are today and what their tasks are. Higher education, specifically in business schools, needs to take some responsibility in preparing students for the ethical usage of information technology and the underlying information within those systems. .. Links: Check Article Linker for...
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...Northwestern University – School of Law Public law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series Paper No. 09-12 ~and~ University of San Diego – School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series Paper No. 09-008 Reconciling Originalism and Precedent John O. McGinnis Northwestern University – School of Law Michael B. Rappaport University of San Diego – School of Law Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 103, No. 2, 2009 Copyright 2009 by Northwestern University School of Law Northwestern University Law Review Printed in U.S.A. Vol. 103, No. 2 RECONCILING ORIGINALISM AND PRECEDENT John O. McGinnis∗ & Michael B. Rappaport** INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 I. PRECEDENT, ORIGINALISM, AND THE CONSTITUTION ................................................... 4 A. B. C. II. A. B. C. D. E. F. The Supposed Conflict Between Originalism and Precedent ............................ 5 A Short History of Precedent ............................................................................... 7 The Consistency of Originalism and Precedent ............................................... 21 The Supermajoritarian Theory of Constitutional Originalism........................ 28 The Relative Benefits of Original Meaning and Precedent ............................. 29 Precedent Rules .................................................................................................. 34 Factors...
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...Smarthinking's Tutor Response Form (Your marked-up essay is below this form.) HOW THIS WORKS: Your tutor has written overview comments about your essay in the form below. Your tutor has also embedded comments [in bold and in brackets] throughout your essay. Thank you for choosing Smarthinking's OWL; best wishes with revising your paper! Hi Denise! My name is Keren H., and I will be reviewing your submission today. Thank you for an interesting piece of research on Background Checks. In today’s review, we will revise sentence structure, word choice, and documentation. Strengths of the essay: Denise, “References” is the correct name for the heading of your page of sources. Good job! Sentence Structure: One or two of your sentences are “run-ons”. This means that two ideas “run on” into each other with no punctuation or links to separate them. Let’s see an example, and discuss how to correct the run-on: A background check is a must in today’s business world. You never know what you may find on the applicant. What two ideas do you see here? “A background check is a must in today’s business world” is one; the rest makes up another idea. The easiest way to separate two ideas (two main clauses) is to put each in a sentence of its own. What punctuation (such as a capital letter and period) will you add, so that you have TWO sentences instead of the run-on? Visit Run-ons and Comma Splices to find more ways to revise run-ons. Word Choice: Denise, I notice that you use...
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...Leader 4 Power & Influence 4 Ethics & Values 6 Attributes 6 Behavior 8 Followers 9 Motivation 9 Satisfaction & Performance 9 Groups 10 The Rocket Model 10 Situation 11 Situational Levels 11 Emancipation Proclamation 12 Death 13 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. Abraham was born on February 12, 1809 to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. He grew up in both Kentucky and Indiana as the son of a farmer who preferred him to work on the farm rather than read books. Lincoln had an intellectual ambition however and was in constant pursuit of knowledge through his readings. Abraham set out for Illinois in 1831 and studied to become a lawyer which he eventually did in 1836 after passing the bar examination. He was then elected to the Illinois State Legislature in 1836, 1838, and 1840. After his retirement from legislature in 1841, Lincoln went on to marry Mary Todd Lincoln in 1842. He then began devoting the majority of his time to law practice until 1847 when he was elected and served in Congress (McPherson, 2000). Lincoln would continue to move in and out of politics for the next 14 years as was continually defeated in bids and elections for office. It wasn’t until 1861, after losing five straight bids for office that Lincoln would be elected President of the United States. On his campaign to the Presidency, Lincoln spoke out to end the institution of...
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