...DEPRESSIVE RELAPSE AND WHY SHOULD ATTENTIONAL CONTROL (MINDFULNESS) TRAINING HELP? J OHN D. TEASDALE, 1 ZINDEL SEGAL2 a n d J. MARK G. WILLIAMS3 ' MRC Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, England, 2Clark Institute of Psychiatry, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, 3Department of Psychology, University College of North Wales (Received 12 November 1993; receivedfor publication 17 January 1994) S ummary--There is encouraging evidence that structured psychological treatments for depression, in p articular cognitive therapy, can reduce subsequent relapse after the period of initial treatment has been completed. However, there is a continuing need for prophylactic psychological approaches that can be administered to recovered patients in euthymic mood. An information-processing analysis of depressive m aintenance and relapse is used to define the requirements for effective prevention, and to propose mechanisms through which cognitive therapy achieves its prophylactic effects. This analysis suggests that similar effects can be achieved using techniques of stress-reduction based on the skills of attentional control t aught in mindfulness meditation. An information-processing analysis is presented of mindfulness and mindlessness, and of their relevance to preventing depressive relapse. This analysis provides the basis for the development of Attentional Control Training, a new approach to preventing relapse that integrates ...
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...Clinical Indications for Probiotics: An Overview Abstract Probiotic bacteria are used to treat or prevent a broad range of human diseases, conditions, and syndromes. In addition, there are areas of medical use that have been proposed for future probiotic applications. Randomized double-blind studies have provided evidence of probiotic effectiveness for the treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea and antibiotic-induced diarrhea, as well as for the prevention of cow milk–induced food allergy in infants and young children. Research studies have also provided evidence of effectiveness for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea, relapsing Clostridium difficile–induced colitis, and urinary tract infections. There are also studies indicating that probiotics may be useful for prevention of respiratory infections in children, dental caries, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Areas of future interest for the application of probiotics include colon and bladder cancers, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The probiotics with the greatest number of proven benefits are Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. Probiotics have been defined as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” . Probiotics have been used to treat a wide range of diseases, ailments, and conditions that affect humans and animals. Additional medical applications have been proposed for potential future uses, depending...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG RELAPSE AMONG DRUG DEPENDENTS: BASIS FOR IMPROVED REHABILITATION SERVICES A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of Lourdes College Cagayan de Oro City In Partial Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Social Work Batuampar, Haya Bueno, Ma. Margarita Pates Kris CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Drug abuse is a rampant social problem. Drug abusers are placed in rehabilitation centers that help the residents recover from abusing drugs. As stated in R.A 9165 Art. II Sec 15 “ A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center”, these residents are then reintegrated into the society after their rehabilitation. But sometimes, these residents turn back to using drugs and undergo relapse. Out of all drug users, 14.72% are readmitted into centers because they undergo relapse. (Dangerous Drug Board, 2012) Marlatt and other studies have shown that people who receive treatment for problematic drug and alcohol use are likely to return or ‘relapse’ to problematic use. In fact Marlatt and Denovan (2005) contend that many will have multiple episodes of abstinence and relapse. According to Marlatt in order for a person to undergo relapse he/she must first experience any high risk situations. The result whether he/she will relapse is able to cope and increase self-efficacy...
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...225). A person who has maladaptive habits is very likely to slip back into them. Treatment is a controlled environment and one that is only temporary. Once a person is out of treatment and back to his own environment all of the things they left behind are still there. External and internal pressures like, “social, increased personal stress and low self-esteem can all be destructive to their sobriety” (Nugent & Jones, pg. 225). A person must have “sufficient coping skills and active family and community support network’s or they can relapse” (Nugent & Jones, pg....
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...measureable feedbacks in order to assure a sense of self-efficacy (confidence) belief for the likelihood of success of the long-range goal. Table 1: Shaping (Goals & Subgoals) Date to Accomplish (Subgoals) Frequency of Login Per Day Duration of Login Per Day (minutes) Baseline Data (01/11/10 – 01/31/10) 10 120 02/20/01 8 100 02/28/01 5 80 ***03/15/01*** 3 60 b. Problem Solving With the inevitable coming of midterms, presentations, labs, and school work—the stress has become a problem. I’ve lost focus on both short-range and long-range goals in changing the behavior. I slipped up and made a mistake, and temporarily lapsed to going to back to Facebook for a long duration. Before I could realize, it has become a complete relapse, going back to a full-blown pattern of unwanted behavior, or even worst. I stopped record keeping from 02/23/10 till now. This has made it even worst. I’ve realized that I went on Facebook, much more frequently even more than the baseline, in both frequency and duration of each login. I’ve...
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...(“Milestones,” 2009, p. 1). This approach to health promotion places responsibility for health on the individual with nurses acting in partnership with the individual in collaboration with other health care professionals (Edelman, 2014, p.15). With healthcare reform at the forefront, the roles and responsibilities of nurses are transforming how health promotion is implemented with an understanding of the stages of the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the three levels of health promotion. Healthcare reform has made it necessary for nursing practice to be efficient, cost effective, and that nurses practice their profession to the extent of their scope of practice. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to shift from an individual disease focused model to a model of promoting health and wellness of the population. The current disease focused model is provider driven. Illness is the source of financial reward as it promotes the use of complex treatments and expensive procedures. With the shift to a community or population driven model of health promotion, health and wellness are promoted, and there is a cost savings by preventing illness and disease and the expenses that go along with treating them (Sickora, 2013, p. 277). The roles and responsibilities of nurses are changing in order to promote and...
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...Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa Sandra Quick Dr. Kathleen Dunley, Ph.D University of Phoenix I remember the day as if it were yesterday. My Mom and I were in a room designated for the bride and her wedding party to dress for the wedding. My Mom had tears streaming down her face, tears of joy I assumed. I was wrong; she was crying because I was 28 years old, weighed only 92 pounds and was suffering from a serious disease called Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Every day since that day in June, I struggle to prevent relapse. AN is a serious disease that effects primarily American woman usually around age14. By focusing on why an individual is affected by AN, what treatment is available, and the large number of those that relapse, this essay will show why so many people do not seek treatment, additional research is needed and so many individuals relapse. Eating disorders are not followed by the Federal Government; therefore, no statistics show if there is an increase or if simply more patients are diagnosed. “It’s a national disgrace that we still don’t have published data on how many people have an eating disorder.” (Monroe-Striegel, 2006, p. 123), who heads the psychology department at Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT, Ninety percent of American adults are aware of at least one eating disorder. According to the Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, teachers from elementary and middle schools report that...
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...the treatment and rehabilitation facilities in Memphis and to explore the reasons for successfully quitting. This study tried to explore and understand the reasons for quitting substance abuse. Narratives were obtained by one-to-one in-depth interviews with 30 individuals and the emerging themes were mapped to the Multi-theory model theoretical framework. The qualitative analysis revealed most if not all of the constructs from the Multi-Theory model. This explorative study tried to synthesize the qualitative unsolicited data reporting on the reasons of substance abuse individuals who had successfully quit. Due to the limited literature on this...
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...might be done to help resolve this growing problem. To help explain this comorbidity, we need to know that drug addiction is a mental illness. It is a brain disease characterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable drug craving, seeking and using despite the terrible consequences. Despite devastating consequences behaviors that stem from drug-induced changes in brain structure and function. These changes occur in some of the same brain areas that are disrupted in other mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. It is not surprising that population surveys show a high rate of co-occurrence, or comorbidity, between drug addiction and other mental illnesses. As awareness of the problem of duel diagnosis has grown models for integrating mental health and substance abuse treatments have begun to emerge but have not been applied to the homeless population. (Argeriou & McCarty, 1990) Approximately one third of homeless persons suffer from severe and disabling mental illnesses (Morrissey & Dennis; 1986; Tessler & Dennis, (1989), 30% to 40% have alcohol problems and 10% to 20% have problems with other drugs Milburn, (1989). Approximately 10% to 20% of homeless persons are dually diagnosed with mental illness and alcohol or other drug problems Tessler & Dennis (1989). In a review of on homelessness for the...
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...Males Adolescent Residential Treatment Program – Ages 9 to 17 – Sexually Maladaptive Behavior – Courage Unit Lakeland’s behavioral health clinic in Missouri offers a residential treatment program for boys ages 9 through 17 who have issues with poor sexual boundaries and sexually maladaptive behaviors. This includes individuals who have been involved in a behavior that has affected another child, adolescent or adult. These residents are considered a risk to society due to these behaviors/poor boundaries and in need of treatment and reintegration. Lakeland’s Sexually Maladaptive Residential Treatment program is a 9-12 month program (average length of stay) utilizing a blend of the traditional medical, cognitive, behavioral, and psycho-educational...
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...Introduction: Developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in 1983, the Trans-Theoretical Model is one of many popular theories, which is used to describe the event of changing a behavior. It is said that the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) is a theory of behavioral changes which "intentional behavior change is a process occurring in a series of stages, rather than a single event and that motivation is required for the focus, effort and energy needed to move through the stages” (Miller, W.R., Rollnick, S., 2002). What makes the Trans-Theoretical Model so unique, is that it describes how change occurs over time and not immeadiately. According to Prochaska & DiClemente (1983), this theory proposes that a person may progress through five stages of change when trying to modify their behaviors. In the first stage titled pre-contemplation, we have people who have no intentions of taking action, or wanting to change their behavior in the near future. Many peers suggest that the desire to change a behavior is usually measured within the next six months (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). Individuals in this stage are unaware or uninformed of the consequences of their behavior (Scholl, 2002), or they may have had a number of failed attempts and are reluctant to try again (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Prochaska et al. (1992), says the main component of pre-contemplation, is the person shows resistance to recognize or modify problem behavior. For an individual to move out of this stage...
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...disorder that is characterized by the refusal to sustain a healthy weight (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Many believe that anorexia is more common amongst Caucasian women, but anorexia occurs throughout all cultures and races. AN has the highest mortality rate of an psychiatric disorder (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Every major organ system is affected because of the malnutrition that anorexia causes. People with anorexia look in the mirror and see a distorted image rather than what is reality. Victims of anorexia see someone that is huge when in actuality they may be average size and weight. Once a person is diagnosed with anorexia it is hard for them to recover. Not only is it hard for a person with AN to recover, it is also extremely easy to relapse. It takes intense therapy and treatment to cure someone with anorexia. AN exists in every culture and race; it varies amongst African Americans differently as opposed to other cultures. Symptoms of anorexia include an intense fear of gaining weight, refusal to keep body weight up, and amenorrhea for 3 consecutive months (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Amenorrhea is the abnormal absence of menstruation. Some other symptoms of AN are lanugo, joint swelling, dental cavities, tooth loss, and abdominal distension (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Lanugo is the growth of fine white hair that grows when anorexics have no body fat left to keep themselves warm (Morrisey, 2010). There also tends to be changes in the endocrine and metabolic systems that...
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...New Phoebe House Rebecca Singleterry BSHS 311 - MODELS OF EFFECTIVE HELPING November 20, 2012 Gerry Mc Farland New Phoebe House The New Phoebe House is a woman’s shelter located in Tacoma WA. It opened in 2002 as an emergency shelter and transitional home. Patients can come there and stay a short period of time up to two years. They live in that house that is their home for the time they arrive till they leave. They help women and children who have had chemical addictions. This is the opening statement when you first visit the New Phoebe House website. “In 2002, Pierce County was experiencing a high incidence of Methamphetamine labs, production & usage. Many young people were exposed to Methamphetamine (many times by their parents) and it's highly addictive properties. Young women with children developed chemical addictions. Children were removed or put in foster care because the mother was unable to care for the children. In many instances, the women experienced homelessness or incarceration. As a result of this cycle, they needed a place to recover… when others have given up on them. A group of concerned citizens banned together with the City of Tacoma and Pierce County to address this need and New Phoebe House Association opened the doors in December, 2002 and has been serving women at full capacity ever since.”(New Phoebe House, 2012) The population participates in the program are women and their children. Even though Methamphetamine...
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...There are different types of health behaviors including social cognitive theory, stages of change model, and the health belief model. A health behavior theory is a conceptual framework of key factors or variables hypothesized to influence health behavior. An established theory is logical, supported by evidence, and underpins behavior change plans and strategies. The Social Cognitive theory is the theory that bases the thoughts of the person and his/or her environment. This theory was performed and created by Albert Bandura. It is claimed that a change in one's everyday life can either have a positive or negative affect on the others. The Social Cognitive theory has a impact in society because it allows different behaviors to be examined...
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...716 Index major depressive disorder, brain imaging studies, 70–71 malignant catatonia, 333 malingering, 530–531 ‘manic depressive insanity’, 45 manic states, 250, 253 abnormal beliefs and perceptions, 254 amphetamines and, 266 course and outcome, 274 delusional, 16 in HIV patients, 345 in ICD-10, 42 in old age aetiology, 369 clinical features, 370 treatment, 370 in old age, 369–370 mixed state with depression, 255 sensations in, 6 stroke and, 344 stupor in, 31 manic states, 15–17 Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, 206, 338 Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change...
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