...of a Relational database Relational databases are the standard when creating industrial standard efficient and scalable databases. They are based on a structure of tables which are logically connected to each other and can be queried in complex way to extract relevant and meaningful information. The querying of a relational database is done using a high level language called SQL which stands for structured query language. SQL is very easy to understand and unlike traditional programming languages does not rely on arcane syntax, rather structured query language uses English like meaningful syntax in its operations. As opposed to flat file databases this logical organization of data across tables in the form of columns greatly simplifies the organization and retrieval of highly complex data. As the business needs of the client rises so will the size and complexity of data, on of the biggest advantages of relational databases is the scalability associated with them, so as the company grows expanding the database will not be a problem and making sense of the data and extracting meaningful information from it will only get slightly harder. Relational databases come with a plethora of security options and views can be enforced to ensure that unauthorized access to the sensitive information in the database is not allowed. Relational databases also avoid redundancy of information and such databases can be highly optimized by methods such as normalization and good database design...
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...AC571_relational_database_005-019 Male Page 1 of 5 AC571_relational_database_005 Welcome to this refresher on relational database concepts. Understanding relational database concepts is a key to mastering a key theme, REA modeling. As we progress through this refresher, please pay close attention to the objectives being covered as you see on the screen. The objectives are as follows: problems inherent in the flat file approach to data management that gave rise to the relational database concept, relationships among the defining elements of the relational database environment, stages in database design, entity identification, data modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views, features of distributive databases and issues to consider in deciding on a particular database configuration. These objectives will serve as the foundation for understanding relational database concepts and REA modeling. AC571_relational_database_006 Before we can get into the heart of relational database concepts one must understand the differences between two common database environments, flat file and relational databases. As you know, computer systems process data. This processing involves two key components, data and instructions, or programs. This occurs no matter what database environment you have. In order to process the data you need an interface. Conceptually there are two methods for designing the interface between program instructions and data. File oriented processing...
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...Transport College of Engineering and Technology Industrial and Management Engineering Department Course: IM433 – Industrial Database Systems Management Student Name: | Department: | Student Number: | Sheet #1 Given the following file structure, answer problems 1 through 6. 1. How many records does the file contain, and how many fields are there per record? 2. What problem would you encounter if you wanted to produce a listing by city? How would you solve this problem by altering the file structure? 3. If you wanted to produce a listing of the file contents by last name, are code, city, state, or zip code, how would you later the file structure? 4. What data redundancies do you detect and how could these redundancies lead to anomalies? 5. Using two relational database tables, PROJECT and MANAGER, eliminate the redundancies discovered in problem 4. Make sure you use the naming conventions and connect the two tables through an appropriate link. 6. Create the relational schema to show how the two database tables in problem 5 are linked. Given the following file structure answer problem 7 through 13. 7. Identify and discuss the serious data redundancy problems exhibited by this file structure. 8. How many different data sources are likely to be used by the file you examined in problem 7? 9. Based on your findings in problem 7 and 8, how would a relational database environment help eliminate the data redundancy problems? 10...
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...also encompasses relational database report writing and data mining.[2] Typical applications of OLAP include business reporting for sales, marketing, management reporting, business process management (BPM),[3] budgeting and forecasting, financial reporting and similar areas, with new applications coming up, such as agriculture.[4] The term OLAP was created as a slight modification of the traditional database term OLTP (Online Transaction Processing).[5] OLAP tools enable users to analyze multidimensional data interactively from multiple perspectives. OLAP consists of three basic analytical operations: consolidation (roll-up), drill-down, and slicing and dicing.[6] Consolidation involves the aggregation of data that can be accumulated and computed in one or more dimensions. For example, all sales offices are rolled up to the sales department or sales division to anticipate sales trends. By contrast, the drill-down is a technique that allows users to navigate through the details. For instance, users can view the sales by individual products that make up a region’s sales. Slicing and dicing is a feature whereby users can take out (slicing) a specific set of data of the OLAP cube and view (dicing) the slices from different viewpoints. Databases configured for OLAP use a multidimensional data model, allowing for complex analytical and ad-hoc queries with a rapid execution time.[7] They borrow aspects of navigational databases, hierarchical databases and relational...
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...Database Records and Relational Data Worksheet Complete Parts A and B of this worksheet. Cite any outside sources consistent with APA guidelines. Part A: Database Records l Answer the following patient information questions using the table provided. Refer to figure 4-10 on p. 83 of Health Information Technology and Management for assistance. 1. What patient resides in California? What is the patient number? Sofia Yakaria Pallares is the patient who resides in California. Her patient number is 10259. 2. Who is the provider of Sofia Yakaria Pallares? What credentials does her provider have? Ruth Ann Raymond is the patient’s provider. Ruth Ann Raymond has her MD license. 3. What patient was seen on 11/05/2010? What is the patient’s date of birth? John Peters with a date of birth 05/25/1965 was seen on 11/058/2010. 4. What date and time did patient #1298 visit the doctor’s office? What is the patient’s name and date of birth? Lucy Ann Johnson, date of birth 06/12/1975 visit the doctor’s office on 06/04/2011 at 17:15 (5:15pm). 5. What patient lives in 1704 N. Atlantic Ave Ontario, AZ 85320? What is its encounter number? John Peters lives at 1704 N. Atlantic Ave Ontario, AZ 85320. His encounter number is 111218. Patient Info Table Pat# Last_Name First_Name Middle_Name Birthdate 10259 Pallares Sofia Yakaria 9/18/1985 30528 Peters John 5/25/1965 1298 Johnson Lucy Ann 6/12/1975 Patient Address Table Pat# Address City State...
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...DATABASE DESIGN AND THE IMPORTANCE OF DESIGNING A FUNCTIONAL PROCESS CIS475 Instructor: IBRAHIM ELHAG, PhD 3/6/2012 DATABASE DESIGN One of the most important if not the most important aspect of a database is the database design process. It is a must that the design is good and functional. A database consists of many different parts of an engineer’s design, which together makes up a complete database system. A database system is designed to manage large bodies of information. Database design is the construction of a database as a subsystem of an information system. Therefore, the database design process is an integral component of the information system design process. ( Chilson and Kudlac, 1983). One of the greatest problems in the application design process is the lack of foresight. During the design process there must be a thorough evaluation of your database, what it should hold, how data relates to each other, and most importantly, whether it is scalable. When it comes to the maintenance of your database it should be easy to maintain, this means storing as limited amount of repetitive data as possible. Let’s say you have a lot of duplicate data, and one instant of that data undergoes a name change, that change has to be made for all occurrences of that data. You can overcome this duplication problem by creating a table of possible values and use a key to refer to the value. That way, if the value changes names, the change occurs only...
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...Party Plates Database Integration Proposal As Party Plates continues to experience unprecedented growth, we realized that we must maximize the efficiency of our operation. In an effort to deliver the highest level of customer service, and remain competitive in the retail market, Party Plates sales and accounting team conducted an efficiency study of the operation and the systems that support it. As a result of this analysis, we found that there was a need to upgrade our current sales and inventory tracking system. We are proposing that we transition from our current Microsoft Excel database to relational database software, Microsoft Access. Additionally, we will need to integrate collaborative software such as Microsoft SharePoint in the near future to best maximize the effectiveness of our new database. As you know, we currently use Microsoft Excel to track our inventory and sales. Excel has been an effective management tool in the past; our current needs demand a management system that can manage multiple tasks with multiple users. Currently, we have many spreadsheets that in general do not merge or allow us to produce appropriate reports and can only be used by one person at a time. As our business grows, so will our staff and we will need to have a system that is multifunctional for many users. Microsoft Access is a relational database system, which is capable of managing customers, suppliers, products and orders. It also will also allow us to create a variety of forms...
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...some good file management techniques and why is it important to use them? * Delete unnecessary files and folders * Create folders by function and use detailed nesting folder names * Use Detailed File Names * Set up a schedule to archive old files regularly that you do not use. Better file management systems will help to eliminate ambiguous file names, mysterious file contents, unknown creation dates and odd filing locations can make finding computer files a pain. 3. What are some factors you should consider when deciding whether to use Access or Excel to manage data? * Access is better for storage, Excel for analysis * Access copes better with large quantities of data * Excel is better at numbers than text * Access is better at data entry * Access copes better with sharing data * Access allows users to connect to several different data sources, and edit the data therein * Excel is better at what-if analysis * Excel is better at interactive analysis using tools such as PivotTable reports * Excel is better at conveying information visually * Not everyone has Access, not everyone knows how to use it 4. Describe the power of a relational database. Relational databases use a set of tables to store the data and a set of relationships to link the tables together. It creates a more logical representation of the data and allows faster access and powerful manipulations of the data stored in the database. However searching...
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...of inevitability. As data grows larger and larger, the weaknesses in the relational data model are exacerbated. NoSQL technologies grew out of the need for fast query speed and real-time analytics from data sources too large for traditional SQL. Introduction A web site running with a large number of users/members will experience the dreaded Big Data Performance Inconsistency. When you need the web site to respond more quickly to a successful, it slackens. Sites like Facebook, Twitter, and others have struggled with this problem for years as they’ve grown from thousands to millions and now hundreds of millions of users. Inundated by huge amounts of user data, they took advantage of data store technologies like Memcached and Redis to make their sites run fast. But for sites without the engineering resources of companies like Facebook, adopting these technologies has been challenging. Big data and NoSQL Big Data company for example Garantia Data addresses above issue. Garantia Data’s cloud-based, in-memory NoSQL solutions make web site run faster. That’s why a number of companies are beta testing Garantia Data’s offering. NoSQL is often used for storing Big Data. This is a new type of database which is becoming more and more popular among web companies today. Proponents of NoSQL solutions state that they provide simpler scalability and improved performance relative to traditional relational databases. These products excel at storing “unstructured data,” and the category includes...
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...Data management is one of the grey areas that every organization endeavors to improve almost daily. Most important is the data cleaning and data transformation processes. In actual sense, relational database offers a solution to this menace. Data organization, keeping, storage, and retrieval among other essentials can easily be realized by adopting relational data management model. In this kind of model, tables are made use of in such a way that data items are formally described and organized according to their level of relations. The data item contained in a given table represents a relation. I am convinced beyond reasonable doubt that through the use of relational database model, an organization can be able to effectively manage their wide range of information encountered on a daily basis. Relational database model offers a more efficient means of managing data. Some of the huge benefits are discussed as follows. A relational database is a collection of relations or tables. The rows of a table in a relational database are known as tuples and each column of a table is called an attribute. By definition, a relation becomes a set of tuples having the same attributes. Operations, which can be performed on the relations are select, project and join. The join operation combines relations, the select queries are used for data retrieval and the project operation identifies attributes. The information oif the organization can be captured, manipulated, managed, and shared, and...
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...Payroll can be made more efficient by introducing a relational database to keep track of employees and their rates as well as hours. A relational database solution will create a single database which will allow payroll to obtain the information necessary to operate quickly and efficiently. This more efficient solution will also help payroll avoid making errors. It will also make it possible to quickly obtain a visualized report on payroll data. This data visualization can be smoothly integrated with an analysis to aid in work force decision making. Business Problem As this business grows, the number of employees has also continued to grow. The current payroll system was perfectly feasible when the business was first launched, however, now way too much time and money is being spent on inefficient record keeping as well as data on past employees. It is clear that this entire business process must be streamlined and simplified to adapt to a larger business with a changing work force. In addition to more employees, there is also a concern of consolidating payroll information between branches. We now have two offices overseas. This creates a difficulty with consolidating information with the difference in currency as well as making sure there is complete compliance with applicable local laws as well as various state laws for branches within the United States. Relational Data Solution Using a relational database design, a database will be designed and built which will house data...
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...Editorial Board: Robin Chen, AT&T Umeshwar Dayal, HP Arun Iyengar, IBM Keith Jeffery, Rutherford Appleton Lab Xiaohua Jia, City University of Hong Kong Yahiko Kambayashi† Kyoto University Masaru Kitsuregawa, Tokyo University Qing Li, City University of Hong Kong Philip Yu, IBM Hongjun Lu, HKUST John Mylopoulos, University of Toronto Erich Neuhold, IPSI Tamer Ozsu, Waterloo University Maria Orlowska, DSTC Gultekin Ozsoyoglu, Case Western Reserve University Michael Papazoglou, Tilburg University Marek Rusinkiewicz, Telcordia Technology Stefano Spaccapietra, EPFL Vijay Varadharajan, Macquarie University Marianne Winslett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Xiaofang Zhou, University of Queensland Other Books in the Series: Semistructured Database Design by Tok Wang Ling, Mong Li Lee, Gillian Dobbie ISBN 0-378-23567-1 Web Content Delivery edited by Xueyan Tang, Jianliang Xu and Samuel T. Chanson ISBN 978-0-387-24356-6 Web Information Extraction and Integration by Marek Kowalkiewicz, Maria E. Orlowska, Tomasz Kaczmarek and Witold Abramowicz ISBN 978-0-387-72769-1 FORTHCOMING The Web Resource Space Model Hai Zhuge Chinese Academy of Sciences Hai Zhuge Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 2704-28 No. 6 Science South Road Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, China 100080 zhuge@ict.ac.cn Library of Congress Control Number: 2007935313 ISBN-13: 978-0-387-72771-4 Printed on acid-free paper. e-ISBN-13:...
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...School of Information Technology Management And G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education COURSE OF STUDY 2013-2014 (C)ITM 500 – Data and Information Management 1.0 PREREQUISITE The prerequisite for this course is [(C)ITM100 and (C)ITM207] or (C)ITM 305. Students who do not have the prerequisite will be dropped from the course. 2.0 INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION • • • • • Name: Office Phone Number: E-mail address: Faculty/course web site(s): https://my.ryerson.ca Office Location & Consultation hours: • Your instructor is available for personal consultation during scheduled consultation hours which are posted on their office door or on the course Blackboard site. However, you are advised to make an appointment by e-mail or by telephone before coming to ensure that the professor is not unavoidably absent. • E-mail Usage & Limits: Students are expected to monitor and retrieve messages and information issued to them by the University via Ryerson online systems on a frequent and consistent basis. Ryerson requires that any official or formal electronic communications from students be sent from their official Ryerson Email account. As such emails from other addresses may not be responded to. 3.0 CALENDAR COURSE DESCRIPTION This course provides the students with an introduction to the core concepts in data and information management. It is centered around conceptual data modeling techniques, converting the conceptual data models into relational data models and verifying its structural...
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...business are reliant on information systems to perform everyday activities. These activities range from inventory to customer relations to employee files. An example of this is information technology in the healthcare system. Healthcare systems such as the EPIC system which is what most healthcare establishments have upgraded to in order to handle everything from physicians notes to patents protected health information and test results. Many companies have done away with the old methods of file keeping such as paper files and now store all of their business information such as contact information, suppliers, employee files and other information on an electronic database. By using an electronic database companies are able to better relate customers, suppliers, and parts. For example a company might use a relational database table system. This would mean that the organization would first make a table with all of the suppliers assigning each unique supplier a personal number to identify them by in case of multiple suppliers having the same name. The company would then have a list of all of the parts they acquire from all of the suppliers. Each part would be assigned a specific part number and the table would include the supplier number for the part. By organizing information like this it is much easier for a company to be able to order more parts from a supplier because the supplier is connected to the part verses having to look through an entire category to order one type of screw...
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...University of Phoenix Material Database Records and Relational Data Worksheet Complete Parts A and B of this worksheet. Cite your sources. Part A: Database Records l Answer the following patient information questions using the table provided. Refer to figure 4-10 on p. 83 of Health Information Technology and Management for assistance. 1. What patient resides in California? What is the patient number? The patient that resides in California Sofia Yakaria Pallares. Her patient number is 10259. Gartee, R. (2011). 2. Who is the provider of Sofia Yakaria Pallares? What credentials does her provider have? Ruth Ann Raymond is Sofia’s provider and Ruth Ann Raymond has her MD license. Gartee, R. (2011). 3. What patient was seen on 11/05/2010? What is the patient’s date of birth? John Peters was seen on 11/05/2010 and his date of birth is 05/25/1965. Gartee, R. (2011). 4. What date and time did patient #1298 visit the doctor’s office? What is the patient’s name and date of birth? The patient had a visit to the doctor on 06/04/2011 at 17:15 or 5:15. The patient is Lucy Ann Johnson and her date of birth is 06/12/1975. Gartee, R. (2011). 5. What patient lives in 1704 N. Atlantic Ave Ontario, AZ 85320? What is its encounter number? John Peters lives at 1704 N. Atlantic Ave Ontario, AZ 85320 with and encounter number of 111218. Gartee, R. (2011). Patient Info Table Pat# Last_Name First_Name Middle_Name Birthdate 10259 Pallares Sofia Yakaria...
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