...The aim of this research paper is to discuss and compare two health care systems in the USA, the GPs and NHS systems, the relation between expenditure on these systems and efficiency of them. Another aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care cervices. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946). Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress...
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...We take furniture company of Try Star international .It has two branches one in Lahore and other in Karachi. Old system were centralized and we design a new system of database which is distributed i.e. the database of the Lahore campus is in Lahore and the database of karachi campus is in Karachi i.e a collection of multiple ,logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. DDBMS: A distributed database management system is defined as a software system that permits the management of the ddbs and makes the distribution transparent to the users. Why we use distributed database? In centralized system, all queries are handled by the main server and all loads are on the server but in distributed system, a separate server for each site exists. • In centralized system If centre goes down, everything is down. So you need to have offsite redundant servers. • In centralized system there is the single point of failure that can bring an entire company down in the event of a server crash but in distributed system if one server crashed down we get information from main server. Distributed Database design: The design of a distributed computer system involves making decisions on the placement of data and programs across the sites of the computer network .in the case of distributed DBMSs,the distribution of application invoves two things: • The distribution of the distributed DBMS softwares • the distribution of thr application of...
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...World Economics – Outcome 2 Dionne Rendall Question 7 The UK balance of payments are made up of; * The financial account balance * The capital account balance * The current account balance The financial account balance takes account of the sale of assets and purchase of them, i.e. loans, property, bank deposits and cross-border exchanges. In relation to the capital account balance it consists of the monetary values relating to the transfer of ownership of things such as land, and records the outflows and inflows from people that are selling abroad and purchasing. The current account balance is made up of the balance of trade in goods, the balance of trade in services and the income balance and the current transfer balance. Collectively they show the money spent by a country on exports and the amount they have spent on imports, in regards to the UK they are exporters and importers of holidays and education. Question 8 Looking at the current balance from 1980 to 1920, it is clear that the UK has had a significant increase in the value of goods they have been able to export which enables them to be seen as a large contributor to the market. Due to the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 this accounts for the lowest figure to date for the UK’s balance of trade in goods and services of -£36,733. There has been an increase of 859.6% between 1997 and 2012 of the quantity of oil imported to the UK, as oil is a necessary fossil fuel it is a necessary purchase...
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...career paths; a look at succession planning at AT&T; a report on recruitment and development of international managers; and an examination of age discrimination in recruitment. Personnel Review, Vol. 22 No. 5 1993, pp. 5-14. ©MCBUniversity Press, 0048-3486 Employment effects of changing multinational strategies in Europe J. Hamill in European Management Journal (UK), Sep 92 (10/3): p. 334 (7 pages) Presents a broad overview of changing multinational enterprise strategies in Europe in recent years—such as the shift from multiple-domestic to globally/regionally co-ordinated production/logistics systems; the wave of cross-border mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances; the rapid increase in foreign direct investment, mainly by Japanese companies and by emerging MNEs in sectors such as IT and electronics; and transnational strategies involving dispersion of product/market responsibilities to regional centres of excellence—and their associated positive and negative employment effects. WF18 Manpower Planning and Recruitment 7 Focus from the start (new employee induction) J. P. McCarthy in HRMagazine (USA), Sep 92 (37/9): p. 77 (4 pages) Based on the experience of Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance, which recently reviewed its strategy for introducing new employees to working for the company, lists the keys to an effective orientation system (it should have a flexible structure, emphasize self-development, and directly support job training among other things)...
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...Hernandez Ms. Lily Healthcare System History The aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care services. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946) Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for current health care system was established after the World war II, when private doctors were serving...
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...Economic Growth and Public Policy of the UK: Does the protectionism help? Introduction The effects of globalization have touched all the aspects of life and business today. One aspect is the trading policies between countries. Since the late nineteenth century, the collision started between domestic and foreign industries, which ask governments for measures that could protect local industries, without discouraging the country’s trade relations. The term ‘Protectionism’ was thus introduced in the language of global trade and economy (Rowley, 2002). Protectionism is an economic policy applied in the trading system, to restrict the quantity of imported items, and to flourish country’s exports. The objective of this is policy is to maintain the competition between foreign and the domestic industries. In most of the countries, free trade is not followed and various tariffs and duty charges are applied on the import goods. These taxes allow the government to generate a fair bit of revenue, without utilizing their resources. Moreover, it also helps in the sustainability of the domestic industries. The prices of the imported goods are kept higher by adding these taxes so that the local customers, looking for cheaper options, have to buy the domestic items. In parallel to this, the protectionism policy allows domestic industries to raise the prices of their products, without raising the quality of their products (Ethier & Fischer, 1987, pp.1-2). Another aspect of protectionism...
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...nobody’ would be incorrect. It’s power had decreased but it was still considered a world power with influence. Military operations and diplomatic relations along with economic standing are factors in reasoning whether or not Britain was reduced to a ‘North Atlantic nobody’. Britain’s military size and military actions in this period could support the argument of it being a ‘North Atlantic nobody’. The most prominent of military failures during this time was the Suez crisis of 1956. Britain was forced to withdraw from Suez due to pressures from the US and the UN resolution passed against Britain. Other attempts at military independence failed miserably, such as the Blue Streak missile program in 1960. Blue Streak was developed as an independent missile system for the UK and millions were spent on it. However, Blue Streak was a failure, and the British government was forced to be reliant on the American missile system, Polaris. Along the same lines, during the Cold War between the USA and the USSR missiles were kept in the UK by the US, similar to the USSR’s use of Cuba. This once again shows the lack of independence from the US – any attempts to make actions without pre-approval from the US were utter failures. When the UK and the US joined together in nuclear research the UK used a faux nuclear demonstration to make the US believe that the UK were capable of developing such weapons. Britain’s reliance on the US is clear, showing that although they were not a nobody, they weren’t...
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...Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 Diversity 4 Diversity in the Workplace 4 Emergence of Diversity 5 Legislation and Problems they Solve 6 Emergence of Managing Diversity 7 HRM 8 Relationship with Managing Diversity 9 HRM in the UK vs. USA 10 Reasons Supporting HRM 11 Critical Arguments Posed to HRM 11 Recommendations 11 Conclusion 11 References 11 Introduction In this report I will be investigating managing diversity and taking a look at how it has developed and how it has had an impact on everything in life. I will mainly focus on how this has had an effect in the workplace and look at key arguments that support diversity and look at arguments against diversity in the workplace and why this may be considered a negative or a hindrance and most importantly I will look at how successful this has been at helping companies maximise their assets and key areas that I have identified that need to be improved. In the second part of my report I will examine the close links of managing diversity and human resource management (HRM). I will look at factors that support it and arguments that need to be considered when looking at HRM. Diversity Diversity in people can be described as the subtle differences between each human and varied characteristic’s that make people who they are. These characteristics can range from colour of skin to sexual orientation to how much hair you have on your head. These differences mean that everyone is different which means...
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...IN GERMANY The case features in David Needle (2010), Business in Context, 5th edition, Cengage/South-Western, pp. 159-62. The Wal-Mart Success Story The first Wal-Mart store was established by Sam Walton in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. At first expansion was steady with 24 stores by 1967. The initial focus for Wal-Mart operations was small town, rural America. The company grew to 276 stores by 1980 and the Wal-Mart empire reached 640 stores by 1984. The company currently has around 4,100 stores in the USA and by 2003 it was the world’s largest retailer, three times as large as its nearest rival, the French company, Carrefour. It was also the world’s largest employer with 1.9 million employed worldwide in 2007. In terms of revenue, it remains the world’s largest company and in 2002 it was ranked number one in the Fortune 500. Wal-Mart is noted for its large and diverse product range, which includes food, clothing, electrical goods, homeware, pharmaceuticals and so on. The USA business comprised four types of operation, ‘supercenters’, ‘discount stores’, ‘Sam’s Club’ and a small number of convenience stores. The ‘supercenters’ carry the full range of goods, including food and a large variety of other types of merchandise. The ‘discount stores’ are like the ‘supercenters’ without the food and ‘Sam’s Club’ is a membership discount warehouse for bulk purchases. According to Knorr and Arndt (2003) the success of Wal-mart is based on four factors. • Low prices. • A focus on customer...
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...Global Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.3, No.3, pp.58-73, May 2015 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Kipkemboi Jacob Rotich1, Moi University, School of Human Resource Development, Department of Development Studies, P.o Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. ABSTRACT: Various attempts have been made towards tracing the historical development of the discipline of Human Resource Management (HRM). However, these initiatives have largely been concentrated on certain specific periods of time and experiences of specific countries and regions such as Australia, the USA, the UK and Asia (Nankervis et.al, 2011; Kelly, 2003; Ogier, 2003). This paper attempts to document the entire history of the discipline of Human Resource Management from a holistic perspective. The evolution and development of HRM will be traced right from the pre-historic times through to the postmodern world. Major characteristics in the evolution and development of HRM will also be examined and documented. KEYWORDS: Human Resource Management (HRM), evolution, history INTRODUCTION Defining Human Resource Management (HRM) According to Armstrong (2006) Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and collectively...
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...well in any terms of crisis or emergencies. Such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks on america. When the 9/11 terrorist attacks happened in america on the 9th of september 2001 a law in the UK was passed against terrorists. The Crime & security act was passed in december of the same year. This act have the government the power to detain any suspected terrorist without trial for at least 28 days. This is one of the advantages of the un-codified constitution that we have in the UK, as this proves we can react fast enough to stop things from getting out of hand. In the USA and other european countries have had a much harder problem with terrorism as they have a fixed constitution. So changing laws takes a long time. Although this is an advantage, in other ways its a disadvantage. This act affects the effect & cross of human rights. With this you could cause distress and harm to a person who may not have convicted crime or any terrorist acts at all. If the UK was to change to a codified constitution it would include a statement of right in the UK. Which would be controlled domestically. Overall people are for keeping this law and why we should keep our constitution uncodifed. The quote of 'if it ain’t broken don’t fix it' comes into play when we describe our constitution here in the UK. Another reason for keeping our constitution un-codified is the executive power. Because the...
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...market research with attached example questionnaire. The inclusive tour programme designed by the “Travel Wizards” is a ranch-based holiday in Arizona, USA tailored for novice and experienced horse riders. Several flight options are available from various departure points within UK to suit customers’ individual preferences. The accommodation are different types of ranches, varying between a working ranch, guest ranch, working/guest ranch or luxurious ranch with gourmet food. Customers can also choose the intensity of riding, as some may prefer a compromise between riding and spa treatments, tennis, golf or sightseeing stunning places, such as the Grand Canyon. The price for this holiday package are per person, based on a double occupancy available from 4 up to 14 nights. Flights, accommodation, meals, most of the ranch activities, taxes and transfers are included in the price. Research Report Political Factors Terrorism Threat – The terrorism threat is general. The attacks could be indiscriminate, including locations frequented by foreigners. The threat against UK citizens and interests is considered to be hightened and fueled by the conflict in Iraq and Syria. Relations – Close connection between the United States and the United Kingdom is called a "Special Relationship", as it characterizes the strong ties between the two governments –...
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...relationship between the exchange rate and stock price. Many studies had been conducted in context to the relation between the exchange rate and stock prices, some studies even have analyzed the relation by considering some of the other variables (like FDI, interest rate, inflation rate ect), to see if these variables have any influence on the fluctuating exchange rate and stock prices. The current literature provides year by year explanation about the Different opinions and arguments of various researches on the relationship between exchange rate and stock prices. For the easy understanding the chapter will be divided into two sections. The first section will cover all the research papers published prior to 1990's. one can observe that most of the studies in section one had established the relationship by measuring the exposure from fluctuating exchange rates to stock prices, so we will name this part as “literature review on measuring the exposure'. And in second section; we cover all the research papers which are published after 1990's and one can observe that some of the studies have established the relation by measuring the causal relation between the exchange rate and stock prices, so we would name the second part as” literature review on measuring the causality relation between the exchange rate and stock prices'. The reason for considering empirical evidence from these two model in our literature is because; as many of the previous studies, to establish the relation between...
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...Negotiation: The Bretton Woods Conference ........................... 15 5. Conclusion: Later changes and full analysis ............................. 19 6. Primary Sources and Bibliography ............................................ 22 7. Annexes: .................................................................................... 26 FEUC – Negociação Internacional – 2013-14 1 1. Introduction The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference that occurred from the 1st of July to the 22nd in 1944 better known as the Bretton Woods conference gave origin to a ground-breaking system. It was the first time a fully negotiated monetary order came to existence which a new paradigm perspective on how to face economical international relations. This essay will help you understand why the Bretton Woods system happened, its historical context, why it worked throughout the time it did and the motive why it stopped functioning. Paramount to this essay will be its non-biased writing as hundreds of theories from Europeans and Americans exist trying to blame each other for the ending of this system. This is tremendously important because most current articles written about the possibility/impossibility of a well-functioning Bretton...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft McDonald's: ``think global, act local'' ± the marketing mix Principal Lecturer, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK Keywords Globalization, Marketing mix, Marketing management, Fast-food industry, Marketing, Franchising Abstract Focuses on the marketing mix of McDonald's. Highlights how the company combines internationalisation and globalisation elements according to various fast food markets. Using the effect of strategical and tactical models, the case illustrates the effect of McDonald's on the global environment and how they adapt to local communities. Describes future franchise plans for McDonald's. McDonald's: ``think global, act local'' 97 Claudio Vignali Introduction McDonald's background Two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald founded McDonald's in 1937. The brothers developed food processing and assembly line techniques at a tiny drive-in restaurant east of Pasadena, California. In 1954, Ray Kroc, a milk-shake mixer salesman, saw an opportunity in this market and negotiated a franchise deal giving him exclusive rights to franchise McDonald's in the USA. Mr Kroc offered a McDonald's franchise for $950 at a time when other franchising companies sold restaurant and ice-cream franchises for up to $50,000. Mr Kroc also took a service fee of 1.9 per cent of sales for himself plus a royalty of 0.5 per cent of sales went to the McDonald brothers...
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