...Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature of Review 3 Africa’s Energy Situation 4 Large-Scale Renewable Energy System 5 Why should Africa promote renewable energy? 6 Why Should Africa Promote Environmental Energy Efficiency? 7 Barriers to Renewable Energy Development 7 Recommendations For Boosting Renewable Energy in Africa 8 Conclusion 9 Methodology 10 Interpretation of The Results 14 Conclusion 15 Recommendations 16 Limitations 16 Works Cited 17 Appendix A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels 14 Introduction There is a need to meet the growing energy demand...
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...The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Writing RHET 1020 Boosting Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 LITERATURE OF REVIEW 3 AFRICA’S ENERGY SITUATION 4 LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM 5 WHY SHOULD AFRICA PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY? 6 WHY SHOULD AFRICA PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY? 7 BARRIERS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BOOSTING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AFRICA 8 CONCLUSION 9 METHODOLOGY 10 INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 14 CONCLUSION 15 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 LIMITATIONS 16 WORKS CITED 17 APPENDIX A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels ...
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...Should South Africa use renewable energy sources as a solution to its energy crisis? The great demand for renewable energy sources has been on a rise in South Africa since it experienced its energy crisis, namely load shedding. The load shedding occurrence is due to the non-renewable sources of energy which are diminishing. Renewable energy is a clean energy source which can be generated or manufactured faster than it can be used up. Most renewable energy sources are clean sources of energy (e.g. they don’t emit any greenhouse gases). Renewable sources of energy are collected from resources which are naturally replenished. Each renewable source of energy comes with a unique benefit to the environment, well-being and economy. They come with...
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...5. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN SOUTH AFRICA Challenges of Sustainable development like in any other country are also faced in South Africa. At the moment we are facing a major crisis in the electricity department where demand of electricity has exceeded what South Africa can supply. Numerous interventions have been implemented by South Africa but it does not seem that those were enough. Some of the challenges may be seen below: “A target of 10 000 GWh” of contribution of renewable energy contribution to energy consumption by year 2013 (The White Paper policy, 2003). The challenge is that the policy did not specify the percentage target credited to municipalities and other sectors and therefore municipalities and other sectors...
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...Introduction Around 77 percent of the electricity used by South Africa comes from coal produced electricity (Statistics South Africa, 2009). South Africa ranks in the top twenty countries in the world in carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, South Africa has set out to lower its greenhouse emissions and push for renewable energy. There are many paths to take in reaching this goal, but I believe South Africa should adopt a similar program as Germany’s Community Wind Power program in order to meet some of its renewable energy goals and needs and solve some of its infrastructure and economic issues. Background of South African Energy Eskom is South Africa’s national power utility, which generates about 95 percent of the electricity in South Africa (U.S. Commercial Service, 2012). Of the total electricity generated in South Africa, 88 percent comes from coal fired power, 6.5 percent comes from a nuclear station, and 2.3 percent comes from hydroelectric and pumped storage schemes (U.S. Commercial Service, 2012). Also, South Africa is crucial to the rest of Africa’s infrastructure, supplying two thirds of Africa’s electricity. In addition to being so crucial to Africa’s infrastructure, South Africa is one of the cheapest electricity producers in the world. The 2009 world economic crisis reduced South Africa’s power supply constraints, but this reduction didn’t last long. In 2010, the electricity demand in the country began to rise again with no sign of slowing down or declining...
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...2030. The country is facing pressure related to energy and the environment [1]. South Africa has rich coal deposits in the north eastern part of the country making coal a cheap and the primary source of energy in the country as about 77% of its energy needs are provided by coal [2]. Emissions from coal are a source of global concern as it has many undesirable consequences. The country is one of the top 20 carbon dioxide (CO2) emitting countries in the world as she emits in excess of 460 million metric tons and its NOx emissions exceeds 21 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent as of 2010 [3]. This emissions have potential to cause many undesirable consequences including acid rain, smog, air pollution, global warming and climate change. If these emissions are not curbed or reduced, they can cause an increase in climatic disasters such as floods, droughts and water shortages and imbalance in the ecosystem. Global warming is a threat to sustainable economic development. The Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aims to curb the air pollution resulting in global warming. It came into full force on February 16, 2005 requiring countries to cut emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The need to curb the emissions necessitate the switch to renewable sources of energy; with little or no carbon emissions. Renewable sources of energy are energy gotten from repetitive flow of energy recurring in the natural environment replenished...
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...Socio cultural factors 11 Population demographics 11 Technological Factors 12 Level of technology in renewable energy 12 Availability and cost of skilled employees 13 Geography 14 Renewable energy potential in Nigeria 16 Solar Energy 16 Wind Energy 17 Waste-to-energy 17 Biomass 17 Reference 19 INTRODUCTION There is higher demand for electricity in the country due to the high consumption and need for electricity, and this project is the plan to study the demand for renewable energy re- sources in Nigeria and to find out the main competitors and discover the best periods for market entry in the country via the micro and the macro environmental analysis. The demand for renewable energy in the country is being driven by the increase and urbanization access to energy intensive technologies, product and the industrial growth. The Nigerian government is wooing energy companies to come and invest in the country. Special energy policy for foreign investors is being organized, such as tax reduction for energy investors in the country, softening all policies related to energy. Nigeria has a lot of renewable energy potential such as sunlight, which might be productive for solar power, and abundance bio-waste for biomass energy production. The renewable energy products that Nigeria requires most are Solar, Hydro, Wind, & Bio-energy. Premium Renewable Energy Sdn Bhd was formed in 2007 with the objective of affecting positive environmental change at a global scale...
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...Renewable energies in Africa Current knowledge A. Belward, B. Bisselink, K. Bódis, A. Brink, J.-F. Dallemand, A. de Roo, T. Huld, F. Kayitakire, P. Mayaux, M. Moner-Girona, H. Ossenbrink, I. Pinedo, H. Sint, J. Thielen, S. Szabó, U. Tromboni, L. Willemen Edited by F. Monforti EUR 25108 EN - 2011 The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. Contributions to this report from: Institute for Energy and Transport: F. Monforti (editor), K. Bódis, J.-F. Dallemand, T. Huld, M.Moner-Girona, I. Pinedo, S. Szabó, U. Tromboni. Institute for Environment and Sustainability: A. Beward, B. Bisselink, A. Brink, A. de Roo, F. Kayitakire, P. Mayaux, H. Sint, J. Thielen, L. Willemen Cover picture: Towards Koyiria Market (Niger), Picture by E. Bartholomé, JRC European Commission Joint Research Centre Contact information Address: F. Monforti-Ferrario , Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: fabio.monforti-ferrario@ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible...
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...MARKET ENTRY TO SOUTH AFRICA Bachelor’s thesis Degree Programme in International Business Autumn 2013 Chisha Mulenga ABSTRACT Valkeakoski International Business Management Author Chisha Mulenga Year 2013 Subject of Bachelor’s thesis Market entry to South-Africa ABSTRACT This thesis was made possible by the connect-project which was started in January 2012. The project's main objective is to support growth and speed up internationalization of Finnish renewable energy SMEs to developing countries. The purpose of this thesis was to concentrate on market entry, the entry modes, present status on wind energy sector in South Africa´s business culture ,the business environment, the current energy situation which will include small scale and large scale wind turbines. And also aspects on regarding the market entry which might make it possible for companies interested in doing business in South Africa, by finding out the possibilities of doing business there. So my thesis will shed a light on the Market analysis and the market entry strategies. The aim of this thesis is to get familiar with the wind energy market and to give Finnish SMEs the best recommendations on the further actions to be taken when entering this new market. Keywords wind energy, developing economies, market entry strategies. Pages 38 p. CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................
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...Biofuel | Hydro-Power | Solar-Power | Wind-Power | Hybrid Systems | Tradable Renewables | REFIT | | | | overview | The White Paper on Renewable Energy (2003) [PDF, 2.28MB] has set a target of 10 000GWh of energy to be produced from renewable energy sources (mainly from biomass, wind, solar and small-scale hydro) by 2013. Following Cabinet approval of the White Paper, the DoE proceeded with the development of its renewable energy strategy. The implementation plan of the various technologies was identified in a macroeconomic study undertaken in 2003. The White Paper's target of 10 000GWh renewable energy contribution to final energy consumption by 2013 was confirmed to be economically viable with subsidies and carbon financing. Achieving the target will: | Add about 1.667MW new renewable energy capacity, with a net impact on GDP as high as R1.071-billion a year; | | Create additional government revenue of R299-million; | | Stimulate additional income that will flow to low-income households by as much as R128-million, creating just over 20 000 new jobs; and | | Contribute to water savings of 16.5-million kilolitres, which translates into a R26.6-million saving. | Renewable energy sources, other than biomass (the energy from plants and plant-derived materials), have not yet been exploited optimally in South Africa. The DoE has strengthened international relationships in this area via partnerships established during the World Summit...
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...Utilities Industry: ATCO Power in South Africa BU606 – Economics Group 7 Amanda Downey - 125824690 Ahmed Youssef - 135819900 Alex Zorzitto - 135823380 Tom Vandemoortele - 135824330 Wafik Moussa - 135808970 Word Count = 2,832 (including titles and citations) Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 3 2.0 Electrical Power Utilities Industry in South Africa 4 2.1 Why South Africa? 4 2.2 Environmental Analysis 4 2.2.1 Social Economic and Political Considerations 4 2.2.2 Macroeconomic Trends 5 2.2.3 Aspects of International Trade/Investment 5 2.2.4 Competition Analysis 6 2.2.5 Market Structure and Firm Entry 6 3.0 Opportunity, Issues and Recommended Strategy 7 3.1 Opportunity Description 7 3.2 ATCO Power Current Strategy: Strengths and Weaknesses 7 3.3 Risk Factors in South African Market 8 3.4 Financial Analysis 8 3.5 Recommended Strategy and Entry Mode 9 4.0 Implementation Plan 9 4.1 Immediate Action Plan: 6 Month 9 4.2 Short Term: 1 Year 10 4.3 Long Term 10 4.4 Contingency Plan 10 5.0 References 11 6.0 Exhibits 13 1.0 Executive Summary ATCO Power is yearning to achieve its global expansion goal and establish itself as an industry leading, reliable and environmentally responsible provider of cost-effective solutions for customers and partners worldwide. In search for an investment opportunity in the underserved market in Africa potential target countries were identified based on electricity demand growth trends, production...
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...1. Introduction The most important factor in the fate of societies and nations is command of energy. Energy is defined as the ability or capacity to do work. Energy policy in the European Union represents one of the core policies since the beginning of the European Integration. The treaty of Paris to establish a European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM or EAEC) were the first attempts to an energy cooperation within the European Community. As the size of the European Union grows (reached twenty eight member states as of March 2013), it needed more energy sources as energy plays an important role for economic development. Now the European Union is the largest importer of energy (oil and gas) in the world, and the second largest energy consumer. Therefore, member states of the EU need more secure access to energy resources. Beside the North-South and East-West energy corridors, Europe ingests the South-North corridor, connecting it with North Africa and the Middle East. In 2007 Oil and Gas Journal estimated stocks and supplies of oil at 114 billion barrel and natural gas at 13, 9 billion cubic meter. Almost one third of European imported oil comes either from the Middle East or from North-West Africa. Europe pipeline interests in the south are focused exclusively on natural gas. In 2006 Algeria delivered 16, 7% of Europe gas, and it’s considered to be the biggest third land delivers natural gas, including LNG (Liquefied Natural...
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...of Economics Nizhny Novgorod branch Essay «Investing in renewable energy: global trend» Student: Kutina Alexandra, 12e2 Tutor: Korenkova Marianna Maximovna N. Novgorod 2015 In contemporary business life one of the relatively recent trends is the growing appeal of corporate and private investors to renewable energy. It is well-known fact that in current world people face the problems of scarcer petroleum reserves and global warming. Due to these burning issues, nowadays people pay more and more attention to developing alternative sources of energy. However, developing renewable and natural energy sources such as solar and wind powers, for instance, is believed to be time and money-consuming and unprofitable. There is still significant uncertainty associated with outputs of renewable technologies. This young industry also encounters difficulties with government support in many countries. As investors are always intend to make high returns in their investment it is really attention-grabbing to analyze their incentives and purposes, and observe the present-day situation on the market of renewable energy. Thus, it is important to find worthy arguments in support of the growing popularity of projects devoted to alternative energy powers. First of all, it is reasonable to track investment in renewable power and fuels. The chart below clearly demonstrates that during...
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... Region “Promising investment sectors in the MENA region” The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region encompasses a diverse array of countries and economic activities, offering numerous opportunities for private equity investments. However, due to the global economic downturn that impacted the region in 2009 along with the Arab Spring that broke out in 2011, the overall performance of the MENA region and its investing scope were adversely impacted. The ongoing civil war in Syria that also affects Jordan and Lebanon, the insurgencies in Libya and Yemen and the overall spread of the terrorist group ISIS have participated in decreasing foreign direct investments over the last few years. Furthermore Egypt and Tunisia are still undergoing a fragile transition while Morocco and Jordan's liberalization reforms have yet to be fully implemented. In this context of general instability, investors are being extremely cautious and are now focused on markets where economic growth is driven by solid fundamentals and sectors that are resistant to the fluctuations in the global economic cycle. Investors are shifting towards defensive and less speculative sectors that offer turnaround and even high growth potential. The following report will investigate four of these sectors including healthcare, education, infrastructure and renewable energy. In order for the MENA countries to become predominant leaders in the future, they need to invest in a solid healthcare...
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...Energy India: Towards Energy Independence 2030 January 2014 Copyright © 2014, by McKinsey & Company, Inc. India: Towards Energy Independence 2030 January 2014 4 India: Towards Energy Independence 2030 Introduction India is the world’s fourth largest economy1 as well as the fourth largest energy consumer. India imports a substantial portion of its energy — 80 per cent of its oil, 18 per cent of its gas, and now even 23 per cent of its coal. As the Indian economy continues to grow, so will its energy consumption, especially as the growth of its manufacturing sector catches up with services and agriculture. With domestic resource production facing various challenges, the general expectation has been that Indian energy imports will continue to grow, and energy security concerns will intensify. The outlook and options for Indian energy independence therefore becomes an important topic. A 2030 outlook is particularly relevant since it is difficult to significantly change energy policy in 5 or 10 years, but almost any boundary conditions can be changed over a 15-year period. Moreover, there have been few if any, in-depth perspectives on this topic for 2030. This white paper builds off the ‘2030 Global Energy Perspective’, McKinsey’s substantial body of research on energy demand and supply, and our understanding of the evolution of the global and Indian energy sectors. We have tried to address some of the basic questions that arise about Indian energy in 2030: Is India’s...
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