...The economic benefits of environmental policy A project under the Framework contract for economic analysis ENV.G.1/FRA/2006/0073 - 2nd FINAL REPORT November 2009 Matt Raymenta, Elke Pirgmaierb, Griet De Ceusterc, Friedrich Hinterbergerb, Onno Kuikd, Henry Leveson Gowera, Christine Polzinb, Adarsh Varmaa a b c d GHK Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI) Transport & Mobility Leuven VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV AMSTERDAM The Netherlands Tel. ++31-20-5989 555 Fax. ++31-20-5989 553 E-mail: info@ivm.falw.vu.nl Internet: http://www.vu.nl/ivm vrije Universiteit amsterdam Contents Executive Summary 1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8. 8.1 Introduction Environmental Policy and the Economy Environmental Policies and Productivity Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence from the wider literature Evidence from examples and case studies Scale of economic benefits to date and assessment of the further potential Beneficiaries and timescale Environmental Policies and Innovation Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence Examples and case studies Scale of economic benefits Beneficiaries and timescale Environmental Policies and Employment Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence from...
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...United Kingdom The impact on employment in EU-25 of the opening of electricity and gas markets, and of key EU directives in the field of energy Case study country report - UNITED KINGDOM and Centrica C3126 / March 2007 ECOTEC Research & Consulting Pat Irving and Anne-Mari Nevala Priestley House 12-26 Albert Street Birmingham B4 7UD United Kingdom T +44 (0)121 616 3600 F +44 (0)121 616 3699 www.ecotec.com This report is available in English only. It was financed and prepared for the use of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. Its content reflects the opinions of its authors only and does not necessarily represent the official position of the European Commission. Contents 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 PAGE INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 3 KEY ENERGY MARKET FACTS............................................................. 4 Status and impact of gas market liberalisation .......................................................4 Market structure ...........................................................................................................5 Gas supply and demand ..............................................................................................6 Gas prices .........................................................................................
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...Renewable Energy hotmail2008 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Wind Energy Data 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Executive Summary The majority of our nation’s energy is highly dependent on finite fossil energy sources, like coal and oil. Using fossil fuels to create electricity creates emissions that are both harmful to the environment and our health. Renewable energy sources provide a clean and viable long term alternative to fossil fuels. Renewable energy is energy generated by natural resources in the form of solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, and tidal waves. Among the diversity of renewable energy, wind energy is the fastest growing power technology in the world. According to the U.S. government Energy Information Administration, the production of wind energy will be at least 20% by the year 2030. This report will prove the validity of this statement by using hypothesis analysis. Hypothesis analysis will reject the null hypothesis that wind energy production will be less then 20% in favor of the alternate hypothesis that states wind energy production will be at least 20% or greater. Introduction The majority of our nation’s energy is produced from the burning of fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas. Life as we know it and our economy revolves around these finite resources. Unfortunately, with our great demand for energy, especially gasoline, world production of oil has already reached its maximum...
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...IAE Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 General Management Program – 2012/2013 Business Economics BENIN – COUNTRY STUDY FOR INVESTMENT IN SOLAR ENERGY SECTOR Compiled by: Thi Hien Anh Nguyen Thi Hien Anh NGUYEN 2012 PREAMBLE This report is prepared as a preliminary research based on hypothetic scenario of an investment project of EUR10 million in solar energy sector in Benin. The report hence firstly focuses on the analysis of Benin’s macro-environment, including the political, socio-demographical, economic, legal and ecological environments which might impinge on the project. The report then goes further in analysing the current situation of the energy sector in Benin and the prospects offered for the solar energy sector in Benin. I/ BENIN – COUNTRY CONTEXT AND PROSPECTS 1. Country overview Benin (French: Bénin, formerly Dahomey), officially the Republic of Benin (French: République du Bénin), is a country in West Africa. Situated in the Gulf of Guinea, it is bordered by Togo to the west, by Nigeria to the east and by Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. A majority of the population live on its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 9.1 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment...
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...GRE3NKARMA | Technopreneurship | Food Waste – Renewable Energy | | Amos Tan Yi Wen, Eu Wei Yi Vivian, Abdul Azziz B Abd Talib & Andy Chua Kang Ren | 2/10/2014 | | Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. The Company and its Operations 4 Company Background 4 Our Mission 4 Company Ownership and Management 5 Business Form: 5 Company Location and Facilities 6 Manufacturing and Operations Plan 7 Labour 7 Equipment 8 Office Equipment 8 Suppliers 9 3. Products and Services 9 Description of the product and services 9 Biogas – An Eco-Friendly Renewable source of energy 9 Components of a Biogas Plant 10 Benefits that the product and services can bring to customers 11 Unique features of the product and service 11 4. Market Analysis 12 Global and industry overview 12 Global outlook 12 Local outlook 12 Porter Five Forces 13 PEST Analysis 14 Political 14 Economic 15 Social 16 Technological 16 Competition Analysis 16 SWOT Analysis 18 Market Trends 18 Segmentation Analysis 19 Target Market (size in terms of number of potential customers or potential dollar volume) 22 5. Marketing Strategy 22 Product Strategy 22 Operational Excellence 22 Product Leadership 22 Labeling 22 Pricing Strategy 23 Penetration Pricing Strategy 23 Sales Forecast Plan 24 Market Penetration Strategy and the cost involved 24 Focus strategy/Differentiation based strategy 24 Promotion Strategy 25 Advertising 25 Sales...
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...Question 1 (is on Theme 3: International Management Strategy Issues) “For a newly internationalised company, like Elecdyne, discuss one of the following sets of issues (from 1-4), plus you must discuss issue 5.” 1. The centralisation-decentralisation debate You should identify where the various functions of management sit in terms of being upstream, downstream, neither, or both, and how developments in technology may affect these functions in the next 10 years. | 2. Social innovation and networking You should undertake an analysis of the social innovation based opportunities that might develop for a newly internationalised company, like Elecdyne in different sectors (e.g. health and education) over the next 10 years. | 3. Sustainability and the potential impact of related issues on the company’s innovation, production and / or logistics functionsYou should analyse the sustainability based opportunities that might develop for a newly internationalised company, like Elecdyne over the next 10 years and evaluate the potential impact of these on the company’s innovation, production and / or logistics functions. | 4. Corporate social responsibility (CSR), including 5 key CSR related issues, Pyramid of CSR etc. You should evaluate the issue of corporate social responsibility using the “Pyramid of CSR framework” and analyse 5 key CSR related issues (recycling, ethical business, working condition, environmental issues, and philanthropy activities) or factors that...
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...Apple Incorporated was formed on April 1, 1976 and designs, manufactors and markets mobile and media devices, computers and digital music players. Apple also sells a range of related software, services and third party digital content and applications. Apples products and services include the iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod and Apple TV, and a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications which include the iOS and OS X operating systems, iCloud, and a service and support offerings. Apple is the worlds second largest I.T company by revenue after Samsung electronics and the worlds second largest mobile phone maker after Samsung too. Apple shipped 153.4 million mobile phone units in 2013, compared to Samsungs 313.9 million units. This gave Apple a 15.3% markets share in the mobile phone market compared to Samsungs 31.3% market share. http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24645514 Fortune magazine names Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world it was the most admired company from 2008 to 2012. http://archive.fortune.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0802/gallery.mostadmired_top20.fortune/index.html http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/most-admired/2012/snapshots/670.html?iid=splwinners In 2013 Apple became the worlds most valuable brand in the Omnicoms "best Global Brands" report, overtaking the likes of Coca-Cola and Google. This broke a thirteen year run by Coca-Cola being number one. The report extimates Apples brand to...
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...MARKET ENTRY TO SOUTH AFRICA Bachelor’s thesis Degree Programme in International Business Autumn 2013 Chisha Mulenga ABSTRACT Valkeakoski International Business Management Author Chisha Mulenga Year 2013 Subject of Bachelor’s thesis Market entry to South-Africa ABSTRACT This thesis was made possible by the connect-project which was started in January 2012. The project's main objective is to support growth and speed up internationalization of Finnish renewable energy SMEs to developing countries. The purpose of this thesis was to concentrate on market entry, the entry modes, present status on wind energy sector in South Africa´s business culture ,the business environment, the current energy situation which will include small scale and large scale wind turbines. And also aspects on regarding the market entry which might make it possible for companies interested in doing business in South Africa, by finding out the possibilities of doing business there. So my thesis will shed a light on the Market analysis and the market entry strategies. The aim of this thesis is to get familiar with the wind energy market and to give Finnish SMEs the best recommendations on the further actions to be taken when entering this new market. Keywords wind energy, developing economies, market entry strategies. Pages 38 p. CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................
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...museums and some of the world’s cherished heritage sites (UNESCO). Tourism is among the important income generating sectors in its economy with millions of tourist visiting the country from around the world making it a UK £127 billion a year industry and provides employment for about 3 million people ("Britain's tourism industry,”). The United Kingdom’s economic freedom has reached a score of 74.8, making its economy the 14th freest according to the 2013 Index of free economies. It scored 0.7 point higher than its last year’s ranking and reflects efforts to improve the control of government spending. In regional terms, the U.K. is graded 5th in the Europe region. (Kim, Miller , Holmes & Roberts, 2012). Image source: Berkshire - Reading Market Place showing Salmons Tea Warehouse. Demographics The United Kingdom is a very diverse society. The 2012 population statistic report released by the UK’s Office of National Statistics has estimated that the local population have reached 63.7 million ("UK population estimated," 2013). Immigrants have taken a portion of the population and with generations of nationals who came from some parts of Asia,...
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...Vodafone http://www.vodafone.com/content/dam/sustainability/2014/pdf/vodafone_full_report_2014.pdf Environmental Policy (P97)http://www.vodafone.co.uk/our-responsibilities/our-environment/ http://www.vodafone.com/content/dam/sustainability/2014/pdf/vodafone_full_report_2014.pdf Main focus is on using energy more efficiently in their networks, data centres and operations. Environmental management systems are in place. Top priority is to minimize CO2 output by investing in more efficient technologies and exploring innovative solutions that cut CO2 emissions by reducing energy consumption or using renewable energy. More and more sharing network equipment (2G, 3G, 4G) Main focus on using less energy, however they do switch to renewable energy too. By replacing network equipment, better service is maintained, however, it produces E-waste. E-waste is always disposed in a responsible way, by hiring recycling contractors. Human Resource Policyhttp://www.slideshare.net/mayank210/vodafone-hr-practices-a-study Employee engagement (Open and regular communication is fundamental -> ‘Intranet’) Employee consultation (Consult to their employees directly, which is preferred over trade unions) Vodafone European Employee Consulvative Council (EECC), meets once a year Managing organizational change (Committed to treating employees fairly and with respect during periods of organizational change, by communicating changes clearly) Development and training (Development and training...
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...appropriate electronic hardware and software, whilst in school education in the UK (specifically in England) parents can now set up schools outside local authority control. In health, in the UK (again in England specifically, GPs (doctors’ surgeries) are going to have much more control over spending (reducing that controlled by health boards), and there is also the issues of pushing more care out to the community, which means that health care workers will need to use communications and other mobile medical technologies to meet medical requirements. * Sustainability * Production efficiency - i.e. making the same product with fewer resources, including recycling opportunities, renewable energy opportunities, alternative materials opportunities (i.e. making the product out of renewables rather than oil based products for example. These are supply side (production-based) * Product Innovation - i.e. redesigning the product to do the same job but in a different way / using fewer resources- e.g. making the product smaller (e.g. netbooks v. laptops, i-pad v. computer, wireless printers v....
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...You chose to study in the United Kingdom. You are beginning to think about what your options are after graduation. Building on an excellent international education you are returning to your home country, Brazil. You stand at the beginning of an exciting career, but what are the steps you need to take in order to find a suitable job, and where do you find the information you need? This careers profile provides you with practical advice about returning to work in Brazil to help you make a successful start in your career in the Brazilian labour market. Included are key facts about current trends and jobs in Brazilian industry, advice about seeking employment in Brazil, hints and tips for making a successful application, and helpful information sources. Country profile Benefits Main routes to employment Where will your career take you? Current career prospects Where to find more information Appendix 1: sample CV Country profile In the past two decades Brazil’s economy has seen a growth spurt, with an average growth of GDP of 4.5% between 2004 and 2007. Before the credit crunch which affected the global economy in 2008 – 2009, an estimated average GDP growth for 2008 to 2010 had been predicted at 5%. For 2010, the finance minister of Brazil has predicted the GDP growth to be 5.2%. This shows that the Brazilian economy is still one of the fastest growing economies of the world, together with the other BRIC countries: (Russia, India and China), of which India...
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...Economic Revival June 2012 June 2012 © Confederation of Indian Industry Copyright © 2011 by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. CII has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of information presented in this document. However, neither CII nor any of its office bearers or analysts or employees can be held responsible for any financial consequences arising out of the use of information provided herein. However, in case of any discrepancy, error, etc., same may please be brought to the notice of CII for appropriate corrections. Published by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), The Mantosh Sondhi Centre; 23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003 (INDIA), Tel: +91-11-24629994-7, Fax: +91-11-24626149; Email: info@cii.in; Web: www.cii.in Confederation of Indian Industry The Mantosh Sondhi Centre 23, Institutional Area , Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 Tel.: 011-24621874, 24629994-97 : Fax: 011-24626149 Website:www.cii.in Edited, printed and published by: Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General, CII on behalf of Confederation of Indian Industry from The Mantosh Sondhi Centre, 23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi –110 003 Tel: 91-11-24629994-7 Fax: 91-11-24626149 email:...
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...Economic Assessment: Outcome 2 &3 [Pick the date] 1a).What is Gross Domestic Product? GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. GDP is the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country within a given time period. Any goods or services produced outside the specified country is not included the country’s GDP. GDP is usually used as an indicator of an economy’s health and it also measure a country’s standard of living. GDP is often calculated quarterly and yearly and is used as a comparison to the previous quarter or year. GDP is composed of overall consumption of the country, government spending, investments and net exports (exports – imports). The formula for calculating is GDP = C + I+ G + (X-M). b).Distinguish between real gross domestic product and nominal gross domestic product. Nominal Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the value of finished goods and services produced for a period of time (quarterly or annually). Nominal GDP does take inflation into consideration. Real Gross Domestic Product calculates the value of economic productivity in a given year accustomed for changes in price. It takes into consideration inflation before giving results. Real GDP is very different from Nominal GDP. This is proven below: 1. Nominal GDP does take inflation or deflation into consideration in its calculation whereas Real GDP is obtained only after including the effect of inflation or deflation. 2. Nominal GDP is calculated at current...
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...SCOPE OF COMPETITION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA ___________________________ INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY: PRIYANKA VARMA BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: MR. VIJAY KUMAR SINGH DEPUTY DIRECTOR (LAW) ____________________________ COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI JANUARY 2012 i DISCLAIMER This project report has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for a period of one month from January 2, 2012 to January 30, 2012. This report is for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the views of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. Priyanka Varma M.A. (Final) Economics Banaras Hindu University ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere thanks and regards to Mr. Vijay Kumar Singh, Deputy Director (Law), Competition Commission of India, Government of India, for giving me the opportunity to work on this sector and for guiding me every step of the way. I would also like to acknowledge the Library and Support Staff of CCI for their unconditional help and cooperation during the entire duration of my internship...
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