... Communication is any everyday occurrence in which everyone participates. This report attempted to study the use of modern communications and negotiation theory and how it applies to everyday experiences. To achieve this, a workplace scenario was analysed and theories were applied in order to gain an understanding of what was happening in the interaction and what could be done to try to achieve a better outcome for all parties. In this report firstly a literature review was undertaken in order to introduce the reader in the types of theories which would be examined in the context of the work place case study. Next a detailed discussion of the workplace scenario was undertaken highlighting the key points of the situation and interactions as well as a detailed description of the three key characters and the key behaviours which they are seen to display. In the main section of the report a detailed review of the applicable theories and how they are demonstrated in the case study. The theories investigated cover the areas on Conflict, Communication, Negotiation and the use of Power Bases and found that many different different theories were visible in the day to day communication. Some of the theories which were seen and discussed were Negotiation Styles and Strategies, use of a BANTA, the use of nonverbal communication techniques and theories of social tension. In the final section of the report three recommendations were given which when used would provide the parties a more...
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...Letter of Transmittal Date: November 30, 2010 To Mr. Md. Maksudur Rahman Sarker, FCMA Professor Department of Accounting & Information Systems University of Dhaka Subject: Prayer for granting the Report. Dear Sir, Here is the report on “Personal Portfolio Management”. I shall be pleased to thank you for assigning me such an interesting topic. While dealing with the topic, I have gone through different books on portfolio management, local and international research papers, national dailies, annual reports, stock market websites and other world wide webs. It is a great pleasure for me that I have got a practical orientation with portfolio management and the relevant finance theories. Though I have tried my best to include all deserving and relevant information and discussion in the report, it might be considered insufficient to your expertise. But I think you would be generous enough to evaluate the report with a merciful look considering my attempt and effort. Sincerely Yours, Mohammad Munir Hossen MBA-EVENING ID No. 10814062 Department of Accounting & Information Systems University of Dhaka TAble of contents |SL. No. |Topic |Page | | |Executive Summary |v | |1 |Introduction ...
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...The Fundamentals of International Business | | Assignment question: There are several theories that seek to explain why FDI takes place. These theories try to explain why firms go to the trouble of acquiring or establishing operations abroad. Such theory includes Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm, Vernon’s Life Cycle and Knickerbocker’s Model to name a few. Your academic paper should illustrate the use of such theories to evaluate the rationale for foreign direct investment for a leading player in your chosen industry. | | | | Student: Matteo Noris ID: 10224550 Course: (BA) International Business Assignment Due Date: 25th January 2012 Unit Tutor: Agnieszka Chidlow Matteo Noris ID: 10224550 Fundamentals of the International Business Submission Date: Wednesday 25th January 2012 Weighting: 30% of the total mark for the Unit * Chosen Assignment Question : 2 Foreign Direct Investment There are several theories that seek to explain why FDI takes place. These theories try to explain why firms go to the trouble of acquiring or establishing operations abroad. Such theories include Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm, Vernon’s Life Cycle and Knickerbocker’s Model to name a few. Your academic paper should illustrate the use of such theories to evaluate the rationale for foreign direct investment for a leading player in your chosen industry. Contents Page Contents Page 2 Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Main Body 4 Conclusions 8 References...
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...EBB686A05 International Business Lecturers: Henk Ritsema, coordinator Abdul Erumban Huib Stek 2/4/2014 | 2 Overview › › › › Introduction Course format Course plan Literature / Individual assignment › About Comparing Countries 1 2/4/2014 | 3 Introduction › The goals of this course are: 1. To develop and apply analytical skills to understand socio-economic differences between countries; 2. To assess how these differences impact the climate for doing business across countries. Theory and Application 2/4/2014 | 4 Course format › Tutorials (with student teams): • Theory tutorials (TT) • Application tutorials (AT) › Combining theory with application country Factbook • • • • Tools/Methods Application of tools Comparative analysis Recommendation › Industry perspective 2 2/4/2014 | 5 Assignments and Grading/Feedback › Team assignments (70%) & Individual assignment (30%) › Team assignments: • Paper on / synopsis of materials of Theory tutorials (30%) • Factbook grade (40%) › All assignments: minimum of 5 › Overall: minimum of 5.5 › Participation / performance as presenters, reviewers or chair (+/- 1 grade point on team assignments) › Are you allowed to take this course? Propaedeutics or positive BSA › Passing 2nd year courses but failing 1st year courses leads to removal from the program 2/4/2014 | 6 First Application tutorial (starting tomorrow) › Each team prepares a potential structure for their country Factbook › Teams...
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...Foreign Direct Investment Learning objectives • Be familiar with current trends regarding FDI in the world economy. • Understand the different theories of foreign direct investment. • Appreciate how political ideology shapes a government’s attitudes towards FDI. • Understand the benefits and costs of FDI to home and host countries. • Be able to discuss the range of policy instruments that governments use to influence FDI. • Articulate the implications for management practice of theory and government policies associated with FDI. The focus of this chapter is foreign direct investment (FDI). The growth of foreign direct investment in the last 25 years has been phenomenal. FDI can take the form of a foreign firm buying a firm in a different country, or deciding to invest in a different country by building operations there. With FDI, a firm has a significant ownership in a foreign operation and the potential to affect managerial decisions of the operation. The goal of our coverage of FDI is to understand the pattern of FDI that occurs between countries, and why firms undertake FDI and become multinational in their operations as well as why firms undertake FDI rather than simply exporting products or licensing their know-how. The opening case describes the international growth of Starbucks. The closing case explores Cemex’s foreign investments. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 7: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Opening Case: Starbucks’...
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...CONTENT 1.Introduction 2 2. IB theories (IDP, ILO) and their invalidation for IB firms from NICs 2 2.1 IDP paradigm: 2 2.2 OLI theory 3 3. Globalization and IDP paradigm 4 4. Samsung’s role in the outpacing of IDP position of Korea 6 4.1 Development of technology capability 7 4.2 Crisis management creation and human resources management 7 4.3 R&D support and technology capabilities 8 4.4 Financial resources transferred within the group 8 5. Conclusions 9 References 11 1. Introduction Since the early 1980s, the world economy has experienced rapid ‘globalization’. Globalization has changed the pattern of trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) in world economic activity. One remarkable change lies in the once widely used investment development path (IDP) paradigm. In many newly industrialized countries, MNEs have accelerated their internationalization, leading to an increase of outward FDI from those countries on a scale earlier than the IDP would suggest. This report introduces some IB theories such as OLI and IDP, and explains why these theories are more useful for describing the internationalization process of large established IB firms but less so for IB firms from newly industrialized countries. Also, the role of globalization in changing the predictions of IDP paradigm as well as how Samsung took a major role in enabling Korea to outpace its IDP position have been illustrated in this report. 2. IB theories (IDP, ILO) and their invalidation...
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...DISCLOSURE A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for MBA Project M.B.A. Candidate's Declaration I hereby certify that I have properly checked and verified all the items as prescribed in the checklist and ensure that my thesis/report is in proper format as specified in the guideline for thesis preparation. I also declare that the work containing in this report is my own work. I, understand that plagiarism is defined as anyone or combination of the following: 1. To steal and pass of (the ideas or words of another) as one's own 2. To use (another's production) without crediting the source 3. To commit literary theft 4. To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source I understand that plagiarism involves an intentional act by the plagiarist of using some-one else's work/ideas completely/partially and claiming authorship/originality of the work/ideas. Verbatim copy as well as close resemblance to some else's work constitute plagiarism. I have given due credit to the original authors/sources for all the words, ideas, diagrams, graphics, computer programs, experiments, results, websites, that are not my original contribution. I have used quotation marks to identify verbatim sentences and given credit to the original authors/sources. I affirm that no portion of my work is plagiarized, and the experiments and results reported in the report/dissertation/thesis are...
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...The aim of this report is to * Contents Executive Summary ii 1. Introduction 1 2. Aim 2 3. Issues 3 4. Conclusions 4 5. Recommendations 5 References i 1. Introduction Global vehicle sales in the start of 2013 have been soaring and have been at an all-time high since 2010 (Gomes 2013). This is greatly supported by the 30% increase in car sales in Asia (Gomes 2013). Colourful Corporation being a car manufacturing company would want to align our company vision of efficiency and profitability with the future prospects of expanding in Asia. Colourful Corporation has been approached by the Ford car manufacturing company to invest $200 million in one of its existing manufacturing plants in Asia as part of a consortium. This gives Colourful Corporation to further explore the prospects of the Foreign Direct Investment opportunity in Asia. * 1. Aim The aim of this report is to determine the vision, strategy and managerial issues in regards to a foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ford car manufacturing plant in Asia. This is Using theoretical framework and available resources, a research into the vision, strategy and managerial issues was conducted. In addition, research into how another Issues Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Asia for Colourful Corporation in this case looks at the investment of existing facilities of the Ford manufacturing plant in Asia. In this section of the report, we look at one...
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...number word count =1,519 Tutor/Professor Name University Name Department 16th December 2010 Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports provide stakeholders with valuable information about the relationship between a given corporation and society; additionally these reports may serve as a public relations vehicle. CSR reports improve communication between a corporation and its local constituents as well as the greater society. CSR reports and accounting data combine to offer investors and other stakeholders a larger picture of a corporation’s strategy and financial condition. By merging the two, stakeholders have a better understanding of how a corporation’s social initiatives improve its overall health. For example, when energy conservation programs allow a corporation to cut spending costs and cause the development of a new product while at the same time increasing jobs the CSR report acts as a financial statement and a public image enhancer. CSR reports provide information that is valuable for different reasons to different people. Employees and prospective employees can decide which companies they want to work for based on safety information about the workplace contained in these reports. Corporate managers can use the reports to monitor how successful they are in attaining their stated goals. They can also examine the progress made by other companies. Customers concerned with issues such as sustainability...
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...Accounting Theory Learning Objectives Definition of theory and accounting theory The needs, purposes & benefits of AT Inductive & deductive approach to construct theory Descriptive, decision usefulness & welfare approaches to the construction of AT Structure of AT Relationship between AT & AP 1 Accounting Theory Defined as: A set of broad principles that provides a general frame of reference by which accounting practice can be evaluated and guides development of new practices and procedures. (Hendrickson, 1982) or A cohesive set of conceptual, hypothetical and pragmatic propositions explaining and guiding the accountant’s action in identifying, measuring and communicating economic information. 2 Nature and Purpose of Theory Theory can be defined as a set of general propositions, used as principles of explanation of the apparent relationship among certain observed phenomena, events or things. Proposition – statements concerned with the relationship among concepts. Concepts – generalized idea or expression in words about events observed in the real world. Theory is used as basis of explanation with regard to how/why certain phenomena happens the way they do. Explanation as well as prediction offers by theory is important as it enhance our understanding of the phenomena that exist in reality Generally theory is sometimes said to deal with the creation of scheme of ideas which provide definition of the problem observed and the understanding of it. 3 Needs and Importance of...
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...Is the Growth of Small Firms Constrained by Internal Finance? Robert E. Carpenter UMBC Bruce C. Petersen Washington University First Version: December 4, 1998 Second Version: June 18, 2000 This Version: January 22, 2001 Abstract This paper examines the long-standing theory that small firm growth is often constrained by the quantity of internal finance. Under plausible assumptions, when financing constraints are binding, an additional dollar of internal finance should generate slightly more than an additional dollar of growth in assets. This quantitative prediction should not hold for the relatively small number of firms with access to external equity. We test these predictions with a panel of over 1600 small firms and find that the growth of most firms is constrained by internal finance. Our results have implications for several different research literatures, including models of firm growth. JEL Codes: L0, D9 We thank Steven Fazzari, Lauren Lax, Josh Lerner, Dorothy Petersen, Laura Rondi, Alessandro Sembenelli, Jim Rebizter, James Stock and three anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank seminar participants at Binghamton University, Case Western Reserve University, the CEPR Conference on Industrial Structure, CERIS-CNR, Depaul University, the 1998 EARIE meetings, the International Conference on Funding Gaps at the University of Warwick, the London School of Economics, the University of Michigan, the University of Missouri, the University...
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...Between a Causal Model And a Time- Series Model? In: Business and Management Choose One Of The Forecasting Methods And Explain The Rationale Behind Using It In Real Life. What Is The Difference Between a Causal Model And a Time- Series Model? Choose one of the forecasting methods and explain the rationale behind using it in real life. I would choose to use the exponential smoothing forecast method because it weighs the most recent past data more strongly than more distant past data. This makes it so that the forecast will react more strongly to immediate changes in the data. This is good to examine when dealing with seasonal patterns and trends that may be taking place. I would find this information very useful when examining the increased production of a product that appears to be in higher demand in recent times than past. Describe how a domestic fast food chain with plans for expanding into China would be able to use a forecasting model. By looking at the data of other companies the fast food chain would be able to put together a forecast to determine if their business venture was viable. They could examine the sales data and determine through a exponential smoothing forecast if it made sense for them to enter into the market. This would show the trends and changes in the data more recently rather than in past time. What is the difference between a causal model and a time- series model? Give an example of when each would be used. The time–series model is based on...
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...Portfolio Strategy Portfolio Strategy This paper will focus on 23 global emerging markets studied by Goldman Sachs Investment Research. In this paper I will revise the initial portfolio strategy from 1999 that touched on long-term perspective on short term risk. The emerging countries are within Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Middle East. The information the company provided was strictly based on a predicted study of future outcomes based on emerging markets. The paper of itself does not issue a company strategy on how to use the information found. In this paper I will use scenarios the company presents and determine how Goldman Sachs should invest 5 million dollars recently received to maximize its wealth. In the overview Goldman Sachs mentioned: That they developed a model of discount rate determination that permits the company to recreate discount rate history and calculate discount rates for 23 emerging markets over the last 25 years. The comparison of current discount rates versus their long-term trend has powerful investment implications and turns the investment decision on its head. Abnormally high discount rates relative to history (normally interpreted as punishing cash flows) may be a buy signal, while abnormally low rates may be a sell signal. Current emerging market discount rates are approximately in line with their five-year moving average. From purely a risk perspective, Asian markets appear undervalued, while Latin America and EMEA...
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...market because there is no former data available for it. These asymmetries are somewhat limited by using book-building process to float initial public offerings instead of public auctions. The book-building process, which was first examined in the academic literature by Benveniste and Spindt (1989) and Benveniste and Wilhelm (1990), involves shares issuing company, investors and the intermediaries which are generally the investment banks. The investment bank first decides the price range or band for the bidding and then invites investors to evaluate and perhaps buy the issue. Next, investors evaluate the issue and provide the investment bank with preliminary indications of their demand for the issue. Finally, the investment bank prices the issue and allocates shares to investors, generally allocating more shares to investors who indicate higher levels of demand. Journal of Financial Economics 65 (2002) 3–29 Building the IPOorder book: underpricing and participation limits with costly information$ Ann E. Shermana,*, Sheridan Titmanb The investment bank reviews and assesses the entire relevant internal information of the company and then evaluates the shares to decide a price range for them. The information including company results, track record and...
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... P. 3 3.1 The Monopolistic Advantage Theory P. 3 3.2 International Product Life-Cycle Theory P. 3 3.3 Internationalization Theory P. 4 3.4 The Eclectic Paradigm Theory P. 4 3.5 Further Theories P. 4 4.0 Case Study: Volkswagen in China P. 5 4.1 Brief History of Volkswagen P. 5 4.2 Entry into China P. 5 4.3 The Eclectic Paradigm and Volkswagen P. 5 4.3.1. Ownership Advantages and P. 5 Internationalization Advantages 4.3.2. Location Advantage P.5 4.4 The Oligopolistic Reaction Theory P. 6 5.0 Conclusion P. 6 6.0 Bibliography P. 7-8 7.0 Appendices P. 9-11 1.0 Abstract Foreign Direct Investment has seen extensive growth globally in the past quarter century and numerous studies have attempted to address the question of why firms choose to enter foreign markets via this method. FDI is an important aspect of developing economies with China seeing some of the highest investment rates. The report takes the example of Volkswagen who were the first automobile company to engage in FDI in China and have seen excellent growth there over the years. It has found no one theory can be applied and many elements must be considered when looking at why an individual firm chooses to internationalize through FDI. 2.0 Introduction Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become an increasingly important...
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