...Section 7: Conclusion Section China and the World: Scenarios to 2025 7 Conclusion Given the importance of China today, there can Wild cards are low probability events which be no doubt that the determination of Chinese would have a significant impact if they were to leadership to maintain the course of reform will occur. In the case of China they could include : be a decisive factor in the global future. It is • A possible Taiwan conflict : equally true that the support of other global How would China react if Taiwan were to players and their preparedness to welcome declare independence ? For many years China in its gradual rise in greatness will have a independence was not an issue as the direct impact on how China emerges. Given the Kuomintang rulers of Taiwan claimed they close connection between China and global were the real government of China and welfare, these scenarios indicate that outsiders had no interest in relinquishing their claim must appreciate the scale of the challenges on sovereignty. But independence has faced by the government in Beijing, and that become an issue with the rise of generations those in China need to comprehend the born and raised on the island. They have sensitivities of outsiders to its rise. successfully established democratic rule and some do not want to be subject to rule Raising awareness of differing sensitivities is an important role that scenarios can play. from a distant capital. The implications of...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Reasons MNC goes IPN 2 2.1 New Economic Geography (NEG) 2 2.1.1 Economies of Scale 2 2.1.2 Thickness of Markets 2 2.2 Production Fragmentation 3 2.2.1 Factor-cost and technology advantage 4 2.2.2 Low International Trade Cost 4 3.0 Using two case studies of firms headquartered in two different countries, show how the growth of trade and investment links among several Asian economies is related to the strategic production and location decisions of firms and how firms took into consideration the main factors affecting such decision. 6 3.1 First Case Study of Firm; Toyota Motor Corporation Headquartered in Japan 6 3.2 Second Case Study of Firm; Apple Inc Headquartered in U.S. 7 3.3 Comparisons between Toyota Motor Corporation and Apple Inc. 7 3.4 Factors Toyota and Apple took such strategic production and location decisions 8 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 5.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction East Asian region has been seen as the world’s fastest growth centre for decades with the emerging of East Asian Tigers- Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan- shows that the world’s economic centre of gravity is gradually shifting East (Ando & Kimura, 2005). The World Bank (1993) listed this as “East Asian Miracle”. With more and more acceptance of globalization and trade liberalization in East Asia had formed international production network (IPN) – the cross-borders trades of parts and components to other...
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...What is the main future growth engine of Asia? Developments in Asean, China and India Vientiane, Lao PDR Sunday, 3 April 2016 Inaugural BOL-OMFIF Conference MEETING BACKGROUND Following the success of the inaugural KL Debate, held under the auspices of Bank Negara Malaysia during the annual Asean finance ministers meetings in 2015, Bank of the Lao PDR and OMFIF are pleased to jointly host the Inaugural BOL-OMFIF Conference in Vientiane in April 2016. With India set to overtake China as the world’s fastest growing large economy in 2015, according to IMF estimates, the interplay between the two countries and Asean has never been so important. If Asean were a country, it would rank 7th in the world in GDP terms, ahead of Brazil, Russia and India. India and Asean share the commonalities of a young population and progress on structural reforms. China is the third largest trading partner of Asean and the rise of the renminbi plays an important role in inter-regional dialogue. As Asia continues to grapple with the challenges of a global economic recovery, the quest for sustainable economic growth and greater regional integration in Asean, and connectivity with the rest of the world, remains a source of concern for investors and policy makers alike. Challenges surrounding development and in particular infrastructure investment abound. With this in mind, Bank of the Lao PDR and OMFIF have assembled a panel of extremely well-qualified industry practitioners for this year’s Asean...
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...Inside Southeast Asia Internal Political Challenges, Inter-State Conflicts and Regional Security Southeast Asia has been one of the most vibrant regions in recent years. This resilient and dynamic region is one of the major hubs at the heart of Asia and is likely to play a significant role in the rising Asia. It can help shape and evolve the larger regional architecture in the Asia-Pacific region. Inside Southeast Asia, the internal political and social systems and the interaction between the two have created an interesting mix of hope, challenges and threats at the national, bilateral and regional levels. Besides, with the ongoing economic integration and political and security cooperation with regional powers, the regional organization-ASEAN seeks to balance these relations with the proliferation of new powers. The Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies (IPCS), as an independent research institute and a leading think-tank, explores what is happening in Southeast Asia today. The Southeast Asia Research Programme (SEARP) at the Institute monitors these internal issues in the region on a regular basis and further intends to convert the process into a annual meet to understand the dynamics of the current issues, challenges and problems in Southeast Asia. Three themes have been identified in the region which need immediate attention– Internal political challenges, inter-state conflicts and ASEAN and regional security. Theme-I Internal Political Challenges The primary security...
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...travel effects January 2013 Shaping the future of travel in Asia Pacific 2 Contents Foreword The potential of the Indian traveller Low penetration of travel The Me Effect: Changing types of travellers The growth of the business traveller The female business traveller The VFR traveller The young traveller The Red Tape Effect: the breaking down of barriers to travel Barriers still impeding Indian travellers The Leapfrog Effect: technology changing the way that Indian travellers behave The rise of mobility The collaborative traveller – India leading the way The need for capacity at the budget end of the market The need for greater budget airline infrastructure Infrastructure – the cruise opportunity The rail opportunity The Barbell Effect: growth at the upper and lower ends of the travel market in India The Indian luxury traveller The growth of the budget traveller Summary: The changing face of the Indian traveller Appendix Our approach Contributors 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 Shaping the future of travel in Asia Pacific 3 Foreword While the 21st century has been termed the “Asian Century”, the term “Indian Century” is equally apt as the tremendous pace of economic development in India will drive the country to a leading place in the global economy along with other markets such as China. In terms of the travel industry, India represents the emerging giant of the Asia Pacific travel market, as the number of Indian travellers will grow...
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...Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms of behaviour, which are embedded in culture and value systems. As formal constraints are straight forward to deal with the informal ones are much more vaguely defined and thus more difficult to grasp analytical...
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...The black hole of South-East Asia: strategic decision making in an informational void George T. Haley Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Business, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Chin-Tiong Tan Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, National University of Singapore, Singapore Proposes that most managers and researchers acknowledge that emerging and newly industrialized markets do not have the same quantity of secondary data as the longindustrialized economies of North America and Western Europe. Presents the results of a search of available, business-related, secondary data on South-East Asia’s rapidly growing economies; highlights how this dearth of data has resulted in an informational void that affects the practice of strategic management in the region. Also delineates how regional managers cope with and adapt to the informational void, and to the region’s fastchanging business, cultural and competitive environments, by developing their unique, highly-intuitive style of strategic management. Finally provides some suggestions to bridge this informational void for management practice and for future research. The authors thank the Guest Editor, Dr Usha C.V. Haley, two anonymous reviewers, and Comet, for their excellent comments and suggestions. Management Decision 34/9 [1996] 37–48 © MCB University Press [ISSN 0025-1747] An old adage posits that the quality of one’s decisions depends on the quality of one’s information. The more...
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...University of Southampton Winchester School of Art MA Design Fashion Management ARTD 6086:Research Skills Literature Review Assignment Student Name: Mengfei Gu Student Number: @25468014 Word Count: 1313 Date Submitted: 2nd Nov 2012 Introduction The luxury goods may be are fatal temptation for each girl. In economics, luxury goods are good for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises. It present a striking contrast to "necessity goods". As the demand of "necessity goods" are not related to income increasing or decreasing. On the other hand, Begin with 2007, global economy has been stumbling under recession. As known to all, financial crisis brought to United States economy slowing down and it has spread globally effecting all countries. Economic recession directly influenced on income level and employment. In addition, consumption levels have fall off drastically. Such two characteristic factors make me interested in the relationship between luxury brand and Economic recession. So I researched the ideas and found a few books which talked about the luxury brands in Asia under economic recession. The literature review will pay attention to a book on the cult of Luxury Brand, Impact of Personal Orientation on Luxury Brand Purchase Value, Shopper Behaviour in Recession...
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...Vol. 3, Issue 3 January 2012 India’s ‘Look East’ and America’s ‘Asia Pivot’: Converging Interests March 2013 What’s in a name? Asia-Pacific or Indo-Pacific? In a speech to the Indian parliament in 2007, Shinzo Abe, the then-prime minister of Japan, became one of the first Asian leaders to call attention to a dawning geopolitical reality: “We are now at a point at which the Confluence of the Two Seas is coming into being…The Pacific and the Indian Oceans are bringing about a dynamic coupling as seas of freedom and of prosperity. A ‘broader Asia’ that (breaks down) geographical boundaries is beginning to take on a distinct form.” Abe was a little ahead of his time in acknowledging the “distinct form” of the IndoPacific region. Many believe that day has now arrived. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton used the term in her seminal 2011 Foreign Policy article “America’s Pacific Century.” More recently, India’s ambassador to the United States and former foreign secretary, Nirupama Rao, made the case for the Indo-Pacific in a speech at Brown University: “There is a seamless stretch of oceanic space that links the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The earlier concept of the Asia-Pacific had sought to exclude India— today the term Indo-Pacific encompasses the subcontinent as an integral part of this eastern world. We are glad that the mental map of the Asia Pacific has changed and that the center of gravity has moved westward to include India…The task before us is to concretely define...
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...Strategies Planning of iPhone5 The biggest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone “We don’t want to just make a new phone; we want to make a much better phone” By Jony Ive, Senior Vice President Design Team name: People’s liberation army (Elvis, Clarence, Maggie, Leko, Jojo) INT1005 Management Concepts and Practice Dr Şőhret Başaran Howells Submission Date: 07 November 2012 Content Executive summary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Mission statement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Objectives-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Internal analysis * SWOT analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 External analysis * PESTEL analysis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Strategy-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Other relevant aspects-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Recommendation-------------------------------------...
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...Essay: A Guide to Sources It is expected that you will use a minimum of eight (8) scholarly references (books and/or journal articles) as well as other sources. The following represent a sample of scholarly journals (in no particular order) in which to find articles to write your essay: * Applied Econometrics and International Development * International Economic Review * Industrial and Labor Relations Review * Journal of International Economics * World Competition * Business Law Review * Journal of World Trade * Journal of Economic Growth * Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies * Business and Politics * Journal of Asia-Pacific Business * International Journal of Economics and Business Research * Global Business and Economics Review * Journal of Global Business Issues The following sources may also be useful (but note that these are not regarded as scholarly references so cannot be counted in your minimum): * The Economist - www.economist.com/ * The Wall Street Journal (Asia Edition) - asia.wsj.com/home-page * The International Economy - www.international-economy.com/ * MIT Sloan Management Review - sloanreview.mit.edu/about/ * China Brief - www.jamestown.org/chinabrief/ * China Development Brief - www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/ * Business Standard [on India] - www.business-standard.com * The World Factbook...
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...Name: Dang Tran Bich Ngoc Student ID: BB110407 Assignment 1: Case Studies: Case studies in east and Southeast Asia in comparative perspective to show the similarities and differences of the development experiences in the region. I. Introduction: This paper reviews the pattern and trends of the development in East and Southeast Asia to recognize the similarities and differences in the region. It offers an extensive view of the Southeast Asian economic miracles in comparative East Asian perspective by comparing and contrasting the Southeast Asian experiences with those of the other high performing East Asian economies, as the World Bank (1993) chose to describe them. The following discussion will focus on the development experiences of Southeast Asia that have been considered high-growth economies, as well as East Asia countries. The Southeast Asia economies have been rather successful in applying public policies to realize their chosen developmental objectives, from the viewpoint of better advancing the course of human development, will be identified. II. East and Southeast Asia (ESA) economies • Human Development (HD): As well as being substantially different in the starting level of human development achieved, and although all have made substantial progress over the two decades, these economies show marked differences in the pace of this progress. Being already high-achieving, Japan recorded a modest rate growth of 0.26%, Singapore 0.61% and South...
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...Journal of Information Technology (2012) 27, 198–212 & 2012 JIT Palgrave Macmillan All rights reserved 0268-3962/12 palgrave-journals.com/jit/ Research Article Key information technology and management issues 2011–2012: an international study Jerry Luftman1, Hossein S Zadeh2, Barry Derksen3, Martin Santana4, Eduardo Henrique Rigoni5, Zhengwei (David) Huang6 1 2 Global Institute for IT Management, Fort Lee, NJ, USA; DIBA Group Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia; 3 Business & IT Trends Institute, University of Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 4 Graduate School of Business, ESAN University, Lima, Peru; 5 ˜ Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil; 6 College of Economics and Management, Three Gorges University, China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei, China Correspondence: J Luftman, Global Institute for IT Management, Suite 15L, Fort Lee, NJ 07024, USA. Tel: þ 612 6128 7323 Abstract The importance of the impact of IT for organizations around the world, especially in light of a very slow recovery from the global financial crisis, has amplified the need to provide a better understanding of the specific geographic similarities and differences of IT managerial and technical trends. Going beyond identifying these influential factors is also the need to understand the considerations for addressing them in light of recognizing the respective local characteristics, especially when operating in a globally linked environment, although somehow...
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...that India has been able to become more influential both in the surrounding regions and the world at large. This was mainly anchored on its ‘look east policy’ initiated in the early 1990s that saw the country focus on the East Asia and Pacific regions as an economic framework for expanding ties and promoting economic growth. With the new expanded strategic vision – “Look East” policy 2, India has broadened the definition of its security interest in its strategic economic endeavors. It is generally seen that India’s partnership with ASEAN have had an impact on India’s economic, political, and security related involvement ‘in these larger, concentric coalitions around ASEAN…in East Asia and in the Asian Pacific’ (Gujral, 1996, p. 12). The look east policy has integrated a larger regionalization framework and strategy encompassing the Asia Pacific issues (Scott, 2007). WE ARE TECHNOLOGY THESIS EXPERTS! ORDER NOW! WWW.UKESSAYHUB.COM The Indians-ASEAN links do not only have economic frameworks but strategic underpinnings as well. As Scot (2007) has indicated, china has been a factor in all of the India’s initiatives albeit blurred in economic progressions. Some analysts have argued that the growing Chinese economic and military influence in Asia has been the anchorage on the basis of which the strategic molding of ‘look East Policy’ was structured. India’s continued influence has therefore been viewed as providing ‘a balance’ to Chinas growing influence in the region...
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...indigenous resources of ADCs and use the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) grouping to classify the preconditions of industrial ecology in ADCs. The authors of this paper argue that unlike the usual way of applying industrial ecology as a technical tool or a practical instrument, ADCs need to adopt industrial ecology as a strategic vision and as a strategic approach to plan the economic, social and ecological development of their national economies. In this way, it can be possible for the ADCs to avoid the same problems that occurred when the developed countries experienced industrialization and rapid economic growth, and move toward more sustainable development. # 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Industrial ecology; Eco-industrial development; Eco-industrial park; Sustainable development; Strategic planning 1. Introduction The economy of the Asian Developing Countries (ADCs) is the largest in the developing world. The Asian economy has experienced the most rapid increase of its history during the last two decades. However, as with economic growth of the entire industrial world, this increase has generated severe environmental...
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