...Splenetic Ogres and Heroic Cannibals in Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal (1729) Ahsan Chowdhury University of Alberta I. Cannibalism: Ethnic Defamation or a Trope of Liberation? In A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to eir Parents and Country, and for Making em Beneficial to the Public () Swift exploits the age-old discourse of ethnic defamation against the Irish that had legitimated the English colonization of Ireland for centuries. One of the most damning elements in Swift’s use of this discourse is that of cannibalism. e discourse of ethnic defamation arose out of the Norman conquest of Ireland in the twelfth century. Clare Carroll points out that “the colonization of the Americas and the reformation as events … generated new discourses inflecting the inherited discourse of barbarism” in early-modern English writing about Ireland (). Narratives of native cannibalism were an indispensable part of these new discourses and practices. For the English authors as well as their continental counterparts, the cannibalistic other of the New World became a yardstick by which to measure the threat posed by internal enemies, be it the indigenous Irish, the French Catholics, or the Moorish inhabitants of Spain.¹ us, it was against the backdrop of the reforma Carroll demonstrates that while continental authors like Bartolomé de Las Casas and Jean de Léry could treat the Amerindians and their cannibalistic practices ...
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...starvation.” (Dictionary.com) Famines happen as a result of things such as Natural Disasters, Lack of rain/drought and not much money. Most droughts happen in the developing countries (Third world countries), which aren't economically successful and also near the equator (latitude), as their climate is very different. Amartya Sen’s paper “Ingredients of famine analysis: availability and entitlements” looks at other approaches of famine. The paper looks more into the command of food and the legal means in society more then the shortages and availability’s of food. Firstly Amartya Sen looks at the Availability approach: This looks directly into the availability of food. He highlights the main increasing problems with lack of food and confesses his concern on the continuation in famines. Sen seems to question the traditional definition of the Famine “extreme and general scarcity of food….”. Sen believes that starvation is directly as a result of people not having enough food and not the there is not enough food available to eat. If there is enough food available surely means that famine should not exist. Unluckily this is not the case and Sen’s paper continues and looks at the “Entitlement Approach”. The Entitlement Approach starts with the idea that access and ownership to food is “the most primitive property rights”. It explains that within each society there are certain rules, which maintain this right. The entitlement approach examines that every person is entitled to...
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...Hui-Fen Hsu The Heroic Pattern in Life of Pi 95 The Heroic Pattern in Life of Pi Hui-Fen Hsu Applied English Department National Taichung University of Science and Technology Lecturer Abstract This paper examines the universal structure of a mythological hero’s adventure in Life of Pi. The theory is based on Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces, which illustrated and distilled heroic patterns from various cultures. The hero’s journey has three stages: separation, initiation, and return. Answering a call to adventure, the hero departs from his familiar world and ventures into a region of supernatural wonder. Miraculous forces are encountered there and a decisive victory is won. He then returns from this mysterious land, bringing an elixir to bene¿t his fellow men. Through this journey of trials, the hero transforms his former self and achieves spiritual growth. Such heroes range from monster slayers to spiritual leaders such as the Buddha and Christ. Life of Pi is a fantasy adventure novel about an Indian boy who survives a shipwreck by drifting on a lifeboat with a tiger. His adventure ¿ts Joseph Campbell’s hero archetype. Similar to the mythological hero, Pi departs from his familiar land of India, answering the call for adventure to a new country. Protected by the supernatural powers of Hinduism, Catholicism, and Islam, he penetrates the dangerous and mysterious realm of the Pacific Ocean. After experiencing harsh ordeals, he returns...
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...some cases they turn into victims of abuse themselves. Prison causes psychological distress, through overcrowding and bullying. This can lead to offenders self-harming and in many cases it can lead to suicide, which is more common in prison than the general population. Deaths in prison can be given various rulings by the coroner such as suicide (the prisoner had the intention to kill themselves), death by misadventure (accidental death) which in some instances can be self-harm gone wrong, and open verdicts. Dooley et al wanted to examine the unnatural deaths that occurred in prisons in England and Wales from 1972 and 1987. This research was in the form of a content analysis of prison department personal papers of prisoners’ records. Dooley compared verdicts of suicide with verdicts of unnatural causes or death by misadventure rulings. The research found that 300 suicides occurred in the time frame, 52 of which were due to self-inflicted harm gone wrong. There was little difference between the suicide group and the group that had self-harmed. However there were some real differences. For example, it was found that the prisoners who committed suicide were more likely to do so at night (this is so there is a less likely chance of them being caught in the act) and that the self-harm gone wrong group were more likely to be found during the daytime (this is because their incidents of self-harm were more likely a call for attention). It was also found that the suicide group had no...
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...agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling,...
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...Abstract This paper is a brief discussion of the importance of culture for marketing and managing in global markets. The major topics discussed are management styles; product development and management; advertising campaigns, and communication as they are affected by various elements of culture and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Management Styles Management styles practiced by domestically run companies will differ from management styles practiced in the countries of companies’ foreign operations. These differences are influenced by the elements of culture that make up the learned behaviors or way of life of a country’s or region’s people (Gaspar, 2013). Yuan (2010) describes reasons for conflict between American managers and Chinese employees in Fortune 500 companies, citing one instance in which a Chinese employee responded to an American manager with an estimated number rather than an accurate one. Because of differing values and attitudes among cultures described by Gaspar, the American manager interpreted the Chinese employee’s response as being deceptive. However, the Chinese employee was avoiding shame, which in Chinese culture results from not knowing the answer to a question. Upon understanding this, the trust grew between the American manager and his Chinese employees likely as the result of the manager changing the way he sought information from his employees. Also, in China it is expected that companies pay newspaper reporters for writing a favorable stories, which...
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...JORIND 10 (2), June, 2012. ISSN 1596 - 8308. www.transcampus.org./journals, www.ajol.info/journals/jorind NOLLYWOOD MOVIES ANDNIGERIAN YOUTHS-AN EVALUATION J. O.Nnabuko Department of Marketing. University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus,Nigeria and Tina C. Anatsui Department of Mass Communication. Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria E-mail: chinyere_06@yahoo.com+234-805-2422-918 Abstract This paper is an advocacys on the impacts of Nollywood movies as the two-edge sword for the national development. It contends that its establishment has helped greatly in developing talents, and serves as a medium of entertainment and communication. It also highlights various critics that praised the ability of Nollywood industry in the past, and expresses concern on the reverse focus on the negative themes and its negative impact on youth behaviour and the image of Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis based on the empirical secondary and primary data were employed. The data collected on both were presented in tabular form and analyzed using simple percentages. Purposive random sampling technique and questionnaire as an instrument were used during the class-meeting. Keywords: Nollywood, behavior, youths, movies Introduction Film was introduced into Nigeria in the 1900’s by the British colonialist who used it for propaganda purposes, while the church used it to spread the Gospel.The Colonial Administration and the Church saw film not only as a medium of entertainment but as...
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...that ran on peanut oil, which is another type of biomass fuel that is made in the same way as hemp fuel. Biodiesel made from hemp can run in any diesel engine, without having to modify the engine in any way. Obviously, this poses a big threat to oil companies. They fought from the very beginning to criminalize marijuana because of this reason. Instead of importing massive amount of crude oil from foreign nations, we could grow hemp locally and cut down on our dependency on the Middle East to supply fuel for us. Big cotton companies jumped on the bandwagon for criminalizing hemp, as well. Hemp clothes threatened to trump cotton clothes as the American choice of textiles. Hemp could have also superseded trees as our paper source, as well. Until 1883, 75-90% of all paper products in the United States were made with hemp. One of the best...
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...JORIND 10 (2), June, 2012. ISSN 1596 - 8308. www.transcampus.org./journals, www.ajol.info/journals/jorind NOLLYWOOD MOVIES ANDNIGERIAN YOUTHS-AN EVALUATION J. O.Nnabuko Department of Marketing. University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus,Nigeria and Tina C. Anatsui Department of Mass Communication. Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria E-mail: chinyere_06@yahoo.com+234-805-2422-918 Abstract This paper is an advocacys on the impacts of Nollywood movies as the two-edge sword for the national development. It contends that its establishment has helped greatly in developing talents, and serves as a medium of entertainment and communication. It also highlights various critics that praised the ability of Nollywood industry in the past, and expresses concern on the reverse focus on the negative themes and its negative impact on youth behaviour and the image of Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis based on the empirical secondary and primary data were employed. The data collected on both were presented in tabular form and analyzed using simple percentages. Purposive random sampling technique and questionnaire as an instrument were used during the class-meeting. Keywords: Nollywood, behavior, youths, movies Introduction Film was introduced into Nigeria in the 1900’s by the British colonialist who used it for propaganda purposes, while the church used it to spread the Gospel.The Colonial Administration and the Church saw film not only as a medium...
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...Mbuti Culture Mbuti Culture Mbuti people, also known as Bambuti, are a pygmy foraging group consisting of numerous bands in the Congo region of Africa. Pygmy is a term used worldwide in many ethnic groups to describe individuals whose average height is unusually low. Foragers are a group of people who rely on hunting and gathering to obtain their food and other sources needed for survival. This paper will discuss the background of Mbuti people, their culture, and how society today is changing the future for these indigenous people. Sometimes referred to as “the people of the trees,” Mbuti is one of the four cultures within the Bambuti. The Mbuti, as mentioned before, reside in the Congo region of Africa, specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire. Zaire is home for the tropical rainforest, Ituri. “The “Forest,” or symbolized universe of the Mbuti, can be understood as a system of symbols by which kinship operates. These symbols have direct relevance to the Mbuti social world. The example of the concept of “sphere,” as an organizational system underlying the spatial layout of the family hut, the band community, and the “Forest” itself, illustrates the direct application of ndura symbolism to Mbuti life. Furthermore, the Mbuti kinship system functions at several different levels – the family, the sub-band, the band, and that of general Mbuti society, all of which are connected to the “Forest.” Various...
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...economies: lessons from Asia", International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 5 Iss 3/4 pp. 333- 357 3. Hamid Yeganeh, (2011),"Culture and international trade: evidence from Canada", International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 21 Iss 4 pp. 381 – 393 Table of Content Annotated Bibliographies 2 1.0 Customer relationship challenges following international acquisitions 5 1.1Citation 5 1.2 Introduction 5 1.3Aims and Research methodology 5 1.4 Scope – Analysis, Findings and Results 6 1.5 Usefulness 6 1.6 Limitation 7 1.7 Challenges and Critiques 7 1.8 Conclusion 8 1.9 Reflection 8 2.0 Home government policies for outward FDI from emerging economies: lessons from Asia 9 2.1 Citation 9 2.2 Introduction 9 2.3 Aims and Research Methods 9 2.4 Scope – Analysis, Findings and Results 10 2.5 Usefulness 10 2.6 Limitation 11 2.7 Critiques and Challenges 11 2.8 Conclusion 11 2.9 Reflection 12 3.0 Culture and international trade: evidence from Canada 13 3.1 Citation 13 3.2 Introduction 13 3.3 Aims and Research Methods 13 3.4 Scope – Analysis, Findings and Results 13 3.5 Usefulness 14 3.6 Limitation 14 3.7 Critiques and Challenges 15 3.8 Conclusion 15 3.9 Reflection 15 1.0 Customer relationship challenges following international acquisitions 1.1Citation Christina Öberg , (2014),"Customer relationship challenges following international acquisitions", International Marketing Review, Vol. 31 Iss 3 pp. 259...
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...Ask and Answer Paper: Understanding Prions Ask and Answer Paper: Understanding Prions Steven English Ask and Answer Paper: Understanding Prions 1 As its name suggests, Pasteur's germ theory of disease simply states that microbes are the cause of disease. Though it seems obvious now, it was revolutionary at the time of its inception and is central to our modern understanding and treatment of diseases. It replaced the commonly held and relatively complex 'humoral theory' with a simpler concept that boiled down to a relationship between microorganism and host (“Germ Theory,” n.d.). But as our understanding of the disease process grows with more and more diseases continuing to be discovered, we find that while viruses and microorganisms might be the main cause they aren't the only way in which disease can spread. Prions are one such challenge to this simple germ-disease paradigm. In this paper, the following questions about prion diseases (focusing primarily on kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) will be examined: “What are they and what does their discovery mean for our understanding of disease and evolution?” The prion protein (PrPC) is a protein seemingly found in the brains of almost all vertebrate animals which...
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...COR 130 Individual Research Paper The Aztecs and the role of Human Sacrifice The Aztec was a culture that dominated the Valley of Mexico in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. All the Nahua-speaking peoples in the Valley of Mexico were Aztecs, while the culture that dominated the area was Tenochca. At the time of the European conquest, they called themselves either "Tenochca" or "Toltec," which was the name assumed by the bearers of the Classic Mesoamerican culture, stated in Manuel Aguilar-Moreno’s book, Handbook to Life in the Aztec World. Sadly, many of the Aztec didn't survive after the arrival of the Europeans. But during the earlier years, the Aztec became one of the most advanced civilizations because of their religion, war, and agriculture. The Aztecs gained an infamous reputation for their bloodthirsty human sacrifices with explicit tales of the beating heart being ripped from the still-conscious victims, decapitation, skinning and dismemberment. All of these things did happen but it is important to remember that for the Aztecs the act of sacrifice was a strictly ritualized process that gave the highest possible honor to the gods and was regarded as a necessity to ensure mankind’s continued prosperity. The Aztecs were not the first civilization in Mesoamerica to practice human sacrifice; human sacrifice was practiced to some extent by many peoples in Mesoamerica and around the world for many centuries. But it was the Aztec empire that really took the ritual...
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...Liberta, "In our opinion, we think that currently only communism is able to provide a new culture". What heightened the controversy with regards to his political ideological inclinations is that whilst it was evident in his art works that he disdained Feudalism Pasolini was still not a member the Country’s Community Party (PCI) which embraced ideas akin to his. This was contrary to common expectations given his public denouncements of the Bourgeoisie and the entirety of the feudalist social and societal conventions. Petrolio by Pier Paolo Pasolini is text loaded with literary meaning and import, the text saddled with dissolution, dissociation and identity thematic concerns has been appropriately conferred the monumental tag. This research paper explores the thematic matters pertaining to the creation of identity in typical modern and industrialised society plagued by a disintegration of cultural...
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...<iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TNNDJX" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> * * * KSA121 SEARCH * RESEARCH DOCUMENTS * BOOK NOTES * AP NOTES StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes Solution of Strategic Marketing Problems Chapter 2 Page of 8 * Home » Business & Economy » Marketing & Advertising Solution of Strategic Marketing Problems Chapter 2 By akm1985 | Jan. 2011 * Zoom In * Zoom Out Page of 8 MKT 2375 Chapter 2 Problem 1 a. CD Contribution Profit Selling Price to CD Distributor Less: Variable Cost $9.00 $1.25 $0.35 $1.00 $2.60 CD Package and disk Songwriter’s royalties Recording artists’ royalties Total Variable Cost Contribution per CD unit $6.40 Chapter 2 Problem 1 b. Break-Even Analysis – Units and Dollars Total Fixed Cost Advertising and Promotion $275,000 Studio Recording’s Overhead $250,000 Total Fixed Cost $525,000 BEVU = $525,000 / $6.40 = 82,031.25 units BEV $ = 82,031.25 units x $9.00 = $738,281.25 Chapter 2 Problem 1 CONTRIBUTION MARGIN Total Fixed Cost Advertising and Promotion $275,000 Studio Recording’s Overhead $250,000 Total Fixed Cost $525,000 BEV$ = $525,000 / 0.711 = CD Selling Price = $9.00 Contribution Profit = $6.40 $738,396.62 Versus $738,281.25 Contribution Margin = $6.40 / $9.00 = .711 of 71.1% Difference Due...
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