LITERATURE REVIEW

Training and development are one of the major areas of the Human Resource Management functions that are particularly relevant to the effective utilization of human resources of the organization. Hardly any organization these days would disagree with the significance of training influencing the success of an organization. In the world of hi-tech era, Employees are a critical and expensive resource whose retention is essential. The optimization of the employees’ contribution in order to achieve the aims and goals of the company is necessary for company’s growth and effective performance. Most of the leading writers have done the research in this regard. They have strong belief and statistic prove to the importance of training and development for the growth of organization as well as the economy. For example, according to Guest (1997) training and development programs is one of the vital human resource management practices that affects the value of the workforce’s knowledge, capability and skills positively, ultimately consequences are higher on job employee performance and superior organizational performance. Kinnie et al. (2003) state that studies in proofs the existence of strongly positive relationship among HRM practices and organizational performance.
Hameed A. and Waheed A. (2011) wrote a research evaluating the theoretical framework and models that are linked with the development of employee and the impact of these models on the performance of employee. The authors stated that employees are essential element for an organization. The employee performance has such a significant impact that an organization’s success or failure is dependent on it. For that reason, companies are highly engaged in employee development and investing large lump sum of money in this regard. The research had proposed certain identified key variables. The variables