Republic of the Philippines
Cebu Normal University
Osmeña Boulevard, Cebu City
Philippines 6000

Subject:
Social Science Major 11 – Economic Planning and Strategies
Course:
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Science

Professor:
Dr. Gary B. Lapiz

THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Management is defined in different ways. It is the process of designing or maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims, Weihrich, (1993). According to Mahony (1961), “It is the unifying and coordinating activity which combines the actions of individuals into meaningful and purposeful group endeavor”. Terry (1982) defined management as a “distinct process consisting of planning, or organizing, actuating, and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources”. For Massie (1964), it is a “process by which a cooperative group directs action toward common goals”. Drucker views management as a discipline and a field of study that denotes a social position and authority involving people and their functions. Koontz considers management “to accomplish desired objectives by establishing an environment favorable to performance by people operating in organized groups”. Other scholars define management as an act of handling, directing, or exercising control and supervision on the functions of the organization. It is in the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals work together in groups to accomplish selected objectives.
Management processes are the methods that aid the structuring, investigation, analysis, decision-making and communication of business issues. Examples include the strategic planning process, talent planning, expense and capital budgeting, performance management systems product planning and management cost accounting.