...Chapter 04The Research Process CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, STUDENTS SHOULD UNDERSTAND… 1. Research is decision and dilemma centered. 2. The clarified research question is the result of careful exploration and analysis, and sets the direction for the research project. 3. How budgeting and value assessments influence the process for proposing research and, ultimately, research design. 4. What is included in research design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. 5. Research process problems to solve. CHAPTER Lecture Notes THE RESEARCH PROCESS Stage 1: Clarifying the Research Question • The management-research question hierarchy process of sequential question formulation leads a manager or researcher from management dilemma to investigative questions. • The process begins with the management dilemma—the problem or opportunity that requires a business decision. • The management dilemma is usually a symptom of an actual problem, such as: □ Rising costs. □ The discovery of an expensive chemical compound that would increase the efficacy of a drug. □ Increasing tenant move-outs from an apartment complex. □ Declining sales. □ A larger number of product defects during the manufacture of an automobile. □ An increasing number of letters and phone complaints about postpurchase service • The management dilemma can also be triggered...
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...The Research Process HCS/465 November 2, 2012 The Research Process In the research process, many questions must be answered to provide validity in the article being read. Evaluating quantitative research and qualitative research is the beginning of the process. Supporting evidence is a way to validate the creditability of the content read. Three types of literature typically reviewed are theoretical literature, empirical literature, and the use of primary and secondary sources. The hypothesis must be stated in the article and must be categorized as null, directional, or research based. The hypothesis statement must contain variables. Variables in the content of research can be defined as confounding variables, environmental variables, and demographic variables. Sampling is also used to collect data for research. With the above taken into consideration, this paper will evaluate a journal article based on diabetes and reproductive health in women. The Problem with Diabetes and Procreation In this journal article, the main problem or objective the study was conducted to resolve is to seek knowledge for health care professionals on how to administer appropriate advice to women with diabetes concerning reproductive health. This topic is important for health care professionals to study because giving appropriate advice concerning reproduction and making informed decisions between the patient and the health care professional. The purpose of this...
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...Business research is the application of the scientific method in searching for the truth about business phenomena. These activities include defining business opportunities and problems, generating and evaluating alternative courses of action, and monitoring employee and organizational performance. It is the way that a company can do a field of practical study to obtain data and analyze it in order to better manage the company. Executives and managers who use business research methods are able to better understand their company, the position it holds in the market and how to improve that position. “Business research is unique from other research because business researchers do not just gather knowledge, but also generate action. Business researchers deliberately and consciously investigate problems or perceived gaps from “what is” to “what should be (JIU, 2012, BC 500, Module 1, Theme 1, para 1). “Critical Success Factors in the Performance of Female Owned Businesses: A Study of Female Entrepreneurs in Korea” by Sang Suk Lee and Timothy M. Stearns is a business research article on a study that examined the relationships of female entrepreneurs’ motivation and critical success factors of female owned business and business performance. The research “suggests that small business success is the moderating variable of female entrepreneurs’ motivations and performance and that the motivations of female entrepreneurs directly affect their business success and, in turn, relates to...
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...RESEARCH PROCESS A PAPER WRITTEN BY : IVIE ELOGHOSA OGBEIDE(ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT,UNIBEN) INTRODUCTION. Research process has been conducted from the time since human being was first created and it is a never ending process. More than hundreds of definitions of research have been available in written form in different books, encyclopedias, dictionaries and in research literature. These definition may have difference in wordings but meanings are similar.This paper is going to look at the meaning of research,its aim and purpose,types,characteristics and the processes or steps involved in a research. The word "research" is used to describe a number of similar and often overlapping activities involving a search for information.It is a systematic investigation to establish facts. Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. The primary purposes of basic research are documentation,discovery,interpretation,or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knoledge.Research is the seeking of knowledge in systematic, organized manner. The system that a researcher follows to find out the facts that are hidden and not known to people, determines the validity, genuineness and reliability of research. A research is biased or fake if there is no validity or reliability in the research process...
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...The Business Research Process Kelly Van Fossen Business Research / RES351 December 9, 2013 Marcus Sherrill The Business Research Process The business research process is a sequential process involving several clearly defined steps. This paper will illustrate how the process is implemented in a business environment using a real-life example. The business research process involves six stages that include clarifying the research question, research proposal, research design strategy, data collection and preparation, data analysis and interpretation, and research reporting (O’Neil, V.J). The real-life model that will be used for this paper is the case study of evaluating storytelling as a method for training at Wisconsin Electric-Wisconsin Gas Company (O’Neil, V.J.). The theory of storytelling as a method for training versus field training is the motivation for performing the research. They identified the research question (stage 1) as “Is storytelling an effective method for training Wisconsin Electric-Wisconsin Gas?” (O’Neil, V.J.). The research proposal (stage 2) was skipped in this case study. The research design strategy (stage 3) was “to determine the effectiveness of storytelling” (O’Neil, V.J.) in the case study. They used Donald Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Evaluation where they identified four primary questions to guide the research. These questions included participant reaction, what was learned from the technical and leadership lessons, was the behavior transferred...
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...Evaluating the Research Process HCS-465 July 16.2012 Evaluating the Research Process The following paper will address the research process using the article Knowledge and attitude about colon cancer screening among African Americans. The research process consists of nine parts that include; selecting a problem, formulating a hypothesis, reviewing the literature, listing the measures, describing the subjects, constructing a design, constructing and identifying measurement devices, analysis of the data, and generating conclusions (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). Upon evaluating the research process to the article, the paper will discuss how the literature review is used in the research, what the ethical considerations are for data collection, what the data describes in terms of statistical analyses, whether or not the findings are statistically significant, state if the conclusions match the results of the study and if the conclusion answer the research question in the definition of the problem, explain whether or not the conclusions are appropriate, and detail if there is enough information on the effectiveness of the study. Research process components in the article The first step in the research process is selecting a problem that involves deciding what the research will focus on. Selecting the problem requires research to ask questions and communicate with peers who may also have knowledge of the research topic (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). The problem selected in the article...
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...Abstract The business research process is an important tool that can help the marketing in a business. By using the steps of this process managers are able to make decisions based on the study of the consumer and target audience. It is also important to identify the competitors in order to stay profitable and competitive. Business Research Process The business research method involves the studying of all parts of a company, the customers, and the market to make important decisions for the business. The strengths and weaknesses of a company are evaluated but especially how a customer views their goods and merchandise. Management studies the competition and the industry that which they are a part of. As part of the management at AZ Alarm Company, I make use of the business research process myself. The first step in this process is to identify the significant competitors in the industry. In the alarm industry it is important to know what other companies are offering so that we stay competitive and bring in new customers while still making a profit. Most of this information is readily available and easy to obtain. The second step in the process is to study the customer or consumer. Doing this enables management to find out what the needs and wants are in order to create new products. By analyzing this information it is also to be determined the amount of money someone is willing to spend on these services. After this information has been gathered it is ready to be analyzed...
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...Business Research Process Denise McSalters RES 351 March 2, 2015 Chevell Thomas Pharmaceutical Sales Research Study A look into the reasons behind the pharmaceutical sales industry’s mass layoffs and subsequent hiring binges. In reviewing the article a study of drug company tends is performed by a health care consultancy. Identifying the Research Problem In the article discusses the recent trend of pharmaceutical companies bringing back their sales forces and the primary reasons behind what caused the mass layoffs and hiring. At the time of the mass layoffs the perceptions about the influence of managed care, fear of how federally mandated health care reform, lack of new drug approvals and research and development costs. Executives felt that overall sales force reductions would not have any major effect on their business. At the height of the layoffs some companies slashed their sales forces by ten percent and their payrolls by as much as forty-nine percent. The research problem was to identify the cause of the recent push to hire and increase the size of pharmaceutical companies’ sales forces. The research method used was applied research method, seeking the answer why pharmaceutical companies were doing mass hires of full time and contract sales reps. The researcher, Scott-Levin, a health care consultancy, studied drug company trends to determine that drug company executives...
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...Evaluating the Research Process HCS/465 September 10, 2012 Introduction This paper is a descriptive review of the literature on breast cancer outcomes: 1990 through 2000. The research was done on fewer than 100 subjects in the United States and Western Europe. The results of this research also includes past projects of 1089 articles of which 230 were included. No single item was used to come to the conclusion of this article. A while ranges of research methodologies were used. The research used limited subjects which to me in some ways show that there is more in the particular are that needs to be studied. Role of Literature review in this research article The role of literature review in this research is justifying the proposed research activity. The literature review indicates how the project will be different from the one that has been published. The literature review also develops case argument for this proposed study based on the literature that has been reviewed. For example, in this article, the literature review states that patient participation and consumerism in health care decisions that occurred together with the growth in outcomes of care in the last three decades of the 2oth century set the stage for the development of measures that are patient based. These measures were for general breast cancer related issues. The literature also presents the results of Ware et al that presented results that validated a self report...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper 334 CJA June 13, 2011 Research Process and Terminology Terminology in any profession is key to understanding what is being done and why. Many professions have their own way or methods of research. Not knowing the proper terminology can affect one’s job. One’s that know the terminology and methods have a wide range throughout their job when evaluating and analyzing research. Research is the process of collecting and analyzing information, and includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Once the professional has become familiar with the terminology used in the research process, the professional will be able to provide technical reports, academic concepts, and provide the discoveries of his or her research. When does research process begin? It begins with problem formulation. Problem formulation is to review, selection, and specification of the area to be investigated. Researchers organize research by formulating and defining a research problem, which is the main issue of the research in most cases. Before attempting to solve a problem, researchers must first define the problem as in any problem. The more difficult it is to define the problem, the harder he or she has to try. Once the problem formulation is complete, researchers can stay focused on the research process. Second is research design. Research designs are the type of experimental or non-experimental...
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...Research Process: Components and Validity According to Burns & Grove, Nursing research is a scientific way of validating, and improving existing knowledge and creating new knowledge which can affect nursing practice (McEwen &Wills, 2011).The researcher will use various methods and options to explore the answers for Research question and this process is flexible and circular (Fain, 2013).Because, the researcher may have to continuously review the literature and analyze the concepts. Results of a research study can be used for the initiation of another research (Fain, 2013, p.19).General steps or components of research process are 1.Selecting and defining the problem, 2.Selecting a research design, 3.Collecting data, 4.Analyzing data, 5.Using the research findings.(Fain,2013,p.20).Selecting and defining the problem: In this step, the researcher will identify a problem which will help them to improve the existing knowledge. Review of Literature is an essential part of this step .The researcher will identify pertinent variables, define theoretical frame work, formulate research questions and hypothesis (Fain, 2013). Selecting a Research Design: In this step researcher will select a design for the study in which sample selection, setting and method of measurements or tools are included. This planning is essential for the selection of reliable methods for analyzing the information. Collecting Data: In this step, the researcher will collect, record and organize...
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...A Summary of “Understanding the Research process in Nursing” Priest, Roberts, Higginson, and Knipe (2006) in their article “Understanding the research process in nursing” explain the research process as follows: Summary Step 1: formulating the research question. In this case, the question was: “Can a package of information gathering and sharing tools, introduce pre-respite, contribute in a positive way to the respite experience for the patient and family caregiver?” (39). Step 2: Reviewing the literature. This has to do with looking to see if there is any prior similar research. There were studies but none on respite care preparation so the investigation is worthwhile. Step 3: Designing the study research. Deciding what to observe and under what circumstances. What data to collect, how to gather it, from whom, when, and what to do with the information. In this study they use a before and after design to assess the effectiveness of the pre-respite preparation. Step 4: Approval and access. Ethical approval needs granting so to protect safety, rights, and welfare of study participants. Step 5: Data Collection. Patient referrals to respite care receive a letter to consent to participate. The caregivers answer a serious of questions and the researcher documents them. Step 6: Data analysis and interpretation. This deals with interpreting raw data for meaning. The information reveals in the course of a year that the caregivers found the visits useful...
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...| | |Business Research process from my past experience | |Class: RES/351 | |Instructor: Prasad Yenumula | |By: Steven Goodwin | |Steven Goodwin@email.phoenix.edu | |EST | | | |June 4, 2012 | |[Pick the date] | | ...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper TerryAnn Powell-Joyner CJA 334 February 12, 2012 Stacey L. Callaway, Esq. What is research? Research has any different definitions, but basically research is the investigation and gathering of information, data, and facts to gain knowledge on a specific subject. Research takes diligence, and where the information is found plays a big part on the credibility of the research. The research process involves ways and strategies that enable researchers to analyze and understand the researched information. The research process involves a dedicated system of scientific methodology that can be used by researchers to arrive at the right conclusions. Some terminology learned in this week’s reading includes statistics, population, census, sample, subjects, variables, margin of error, and bias. Statistics has many uses, but perhaps its most important purpose is to help us make good decisions about issues that involve uncertainty. Speaking of statistics, some may ask what statistics are. The meaning of statistics in singular form is the science that helps bring meaning and understanding to the collection, organization, and interpreting of data. When speaking of statistics in plural form it is the actual data that is used to describe the information. In the language of statistics, population refers to the statistical study of the entirety of the characteristic that the study is focused on. While population is usually seen as a group...
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...Evaluating the research process Teenage pregnancy inflicts indirect costs related to lost education and jobs, as well as direct costs related to public assistance services used during and after pregnancy. A major concern is that the majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended. 79 percent of teens 18 to 19 years old and almost 87 percent of teens 15 to 17 years old reported their pregnancy as unintended in 2001. Policies and programs need to be put into place to help teens make well-informed choices about sexual activities. Because teens lack formal education and training they rely heavily on public assistance programs. Adams, Gavin, Ayadi, Santelli, & Raskind-Hood felt there was a need for a study on teen pregnancy and how they affect the cost of public services. Research produces valuable information and expands understanding (Neuman, 2009). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for this ten-state shows that even though both the teens and older mothers account for 34 percent of all births in the study states, they accounted for 52 percent of all births reported as unintended. The researchers believe the data from this study will not only add to current literature on the topic, but will also provide a measure of costs that may be more relevant to state budgets and decisions regarding alternative public health interventions. In this paper I will discuss the literature review, ethical considerations for data collection, statistical analysis, and the conclusions...
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