...Case Introduction Danle Corporation (Danle), a public company engaging in vehicles manufacturing business used asbestos in the past three years. In fiscal year 2008 and 2009, Danle received two similar complaints about mechanics suffered severe illness due to the exposure to asbestos from the parts manufactured by Danle. Danle disclosed neither of the lawsuits litigations in the 2008 & 2009 Form 10-K, even though the external counsel offered evidence showing the potential possible liability for Danle in Dec 2009. For the three Fiscal Year 2010’s Form 10-Qs (1st, 2nd & 3rd quarters), Danle disclosed related information about the potential loss in the footnotes and consolidated financial statements in 2010’s Form 10-K. Question 1: Disclosure Issue 2009 In 2009, the conclusion reached by Danle’s management after further assessment of the evidence discovered led the company determined not disclosing anything about the matters in its Form 10-K for the year end Dec 31,2009. However, we have totally different conclusions. According to FASB definitions for Probable, Reasonably Possible and Remote are as follows: 1. Probable: The future event or events are likely to occur; 2. Reasonably Possible: The chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely. 3. Remote: The chance of the future event or events occurring is slight. In December 2009, evidence discovered by Danle’s external counsel concluded that Danle could potentially...
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...Estimating Phi (φ), Gamma (γ) and Ohlson’s Weighting k Lab Session Workshop Topic 9 This workshop, data and worksheets are © Dr Ray McNamara and Dr Keith Duncan Estimating Phi (φ), Gamma (γ) and Ohlson’s Weighting k INTRODUCTION The purpose of this exercise is to explore empirically the estimation of Phi (φ), Gamma (γ) and Ohlson’s weighting k. The three parameters are critical in applying the Ohson style valuation models. Part of the exercise you will develop a spreadsheet to perform your analysis. This template can then be added to your master analysis template as an “Estimation of Ohlson Model Parameters” module. NOTE: This workshop requires you to use your judgement. You must work out the best φ and the bestγ . 1. Data to Use as Input Download the spreadsheet WORKSHOP 9.XLSX that contains PE, PB and EB data from 1997 to 2010 for a wide sample of ASX listed companies and industries. Remember that PE is the Price Earnings ratio – an indicator of φ, PB is the Price to Book ratio – and indicator of γ and EB is the Earnings to Book ratio or RoSHF – an indicator of profitability and hence the weighting on earnings k. Data for a range of years, companies and industries is included in the file as well as EBIT, performance and price data. As with the other tutorials the spreadsheet is also a template to guide your analysis. 2. How to proceed: 1. Open the spread sheet WORKSHOP 9.XLSX and examine the data input section...
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...percentage-of-completion method, and pension and warranty expenses. Specific Issue: Estimates The specific issue regarding estimates is that auditors have responsibility to review and assess the appropriateness of the client’s significant accounting estimates. As the auditor completes the audit, review activities are conducted to ensure that the client’s financial statements are materially correct and to ensure high audit quality. The auditor is responsible for evaluating the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management in the context of the financial statements taken as a whole. Since estimates are based on subjective as well as objective factors, it may be difficult for management to establish controls over them. Even when management’s estimation process involves competent personnel using relevant and reliable data, there is potential for bias in the subjective factors. Hence, during planning and performing procedures to evaluate accounting estimates, the auditor should consider the issue with an attitude of professional skepticism for both the...
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...M International (“M”) and W Inc. (“W”) were involved in a class-action lawsuit regarding a patent infringement. W filed the original claim against M in May of 2007 and the lawsuit continued through the end of February 2011. Since the case is a timeline of facts, some aspects were difficult to determine and assumptions needed to be made. I can only imagine the amount of trouble a company has to go through to typically deal with this kind of an issue, since a lot is left to interpretation. According to ASC 450-20-25-1, “When a loss contingency exists, the likelihood that the future event or events will confirm the loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability can range from probable to remote.” Thus, M is dealing with a loss contingency because management determined the loss from the claim would be probable at December 2007. Moreover, the loss should be accrued due to ASC 450-20-25-2, since the “amount can be reasonably estimated” and “information is available before the financial statements are issued.” In reference to the actual amount that should be recorded, the case states a range of the estimated loss from $15 to $20 million dollars, $17 million being the most probable. In deciding which amount to record at December 31, 2007, Accounting Standards must again be referenced. ASC 450-20-30-1 states, “If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount shall be accrued.” Given...
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...Materiality The Sarbanes-Oxley requirement for companies to develop key control processes has brought new attention to the well-known concept of materiality. CPAs need to be able to identify key control exceptions and apply materiality to determine their financial impact. First we need to know what material is; in accounting something that is material is something that is significant. Material information is something that would vastly affect the financial statements of a company. If that material is omitted or misstated it could influence the economic decision. An example of material information is if a company owes $1,000,000 to another company, it is immaterial if they owe $1,000. Since the idea of what is material can very complex CPA must use quantities estimates to identify what can be potential issues with materiality. It is not a simple calculation but it is a determination of will verse what will not affect a decision. (Accounting Simplified 2010-2013) Since the implementation of SOX CPA’s need assistance in helping management meet responsibilities, under SOX section 302 companies must review their disclosure of controls and procedures on a quarterly basis, they need to show all important control exceptions and they must: determine deficiencies in internal control, asses their impact on the presentation of financial statements that are fair and show and report any significant control or material deficiencies. There are four key perspectives under SOX of working with...
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...Unit six: Principles of budgets in a business environment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. • The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a USB drive • Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly • When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference • Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 7 pages and is made up of 3 Sections. Name: Section 1: The purpose of budgets This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 1: Understand the purpose of budgets in a business environment. |Learning objective |Place in Assessment | |1.1 Explain the purpose of budgets for managing financial resources to meet business |Question 1 Page 1 | |requirements | | 1. Why are budgets used to manage financial resources? [1.1] A budget is a plan translated into money and a tool for spread resources and perform strategic plans. Financial...
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...ACCURATE EYE CENTRE LOCALISATION BY MEANS OF GRADIENTS Fabian Timm and Erhardt Barth Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of L¨ beck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 L¨ beck, Germany u u Pattern Recognition Company GmbH, Innovations Campus L¨ beck, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 1, D-23562 L¨ beck, Germany u u {timm, barth}@inb.uni-luebeck.de Keywords: Eye centre localisation, pupil and iris localisation, image gradients, feature extraction, shape analysis. Abstract: The estimation of the eye centres is used in several computer vision applications such as face recognition or eye tracking. Especially for the latter, systems that are remote and rely on available light have become very popular and several methods for accurate eye centre localisation have been proposed. Nevertheless, these methods often fail to accurately estimate the eye centres in difficult scenarios, e.g. low resolution, low contrast, or occlusions. We therefore propose an approach for accurate and robust eye centre localisation by using image gradients. We derive a simple objective function, which only consists of dot products. The maximum of this function corresponds to the location where most gradient vectors intersect and thus to the eye’s centre. Although simple, our method is invariant to changes in scale, pose, contrast and variations in illumination. We extensively evaluate our method on the very challenging BioID database for eye centre and iris localisation. Moreover...
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...Case 1: Contingencies 1. For the year-end December 31, 2007, financial statements, what amount should M record as a liability? ASC 450-20-25-2 states that: An estimated loss from a loss contingency shall be accrued by a charge to income if both of the following conditions are met: a. Information available before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements. Date of the financial statements means the end of the most recent accounting period for which financial statements are being presented. It is implicit in this condition that it must be probable that one or more future events will occur confirming the fact of the loss. b. The amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. According to ASC 450-20-25-2, M International should accrue the liability for the loss contingency and disclose the liability within their year-end December 31, 2007 financial statements. ASC 450-20-30-1 determines what amount should be accrued and disclosed if both conditions are met in ASC 450-20-25-2. ASC 450-20-30-1 specifies that: If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount shall be accrued. Therefore, M International should record the $17 million as the liability for the contingency because it is the most likely amount within the range of $15 million to...
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...Week Three discussion questions 1. Project scheduling follows one of Parkinson’s laws: “Everything takes as long as it takes.” The topic for discussion is what are the elements and functions we must consider when developing the project schedule? In your experience what tools and techniques have you seen used effectively? As a contributor to inaccurate duration estimates is a situation known as Parkinson’s law. He further described “work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion”. This means that if we estimated an activity will take two weeks, it’ll end up taking two weeks even if it could have been finished in one. Tools and techniques that project managers can take to overcome Parkinson’s Law. Determine priorities, give more time to top priorities, use reliable estimating techniques, take frequent measurements on performance, and maintain visibility of those measurements. Ralph Kliem and Irwin Ludain, Tools and tips for Today’s Project Manager 2. What is your experience with sensitivity ("what if") analysis? While many organizations do not perform a formal analysis, most try at least to identify critical factors, and how the project will be affected if these change from the estimate. Share your experience with the class. When doing a sensitivity analysis, what factors that could be variables, and which could be constants? According to the PMBOK 4TH edition, a sensitivity analysis helps to determine which risk have the potential impact...
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...Instructions: Please complete all 3 multi-part problems for this week's assignment. 2-1 Basic Estimating Problem Please look at the Attached Excel sheet for answer for first problem only. 2-2 Three-point Estimate Problem (a) Data: a = the best case estimate = $0.24/lb. m= the most likely estimate = $0.30/lb. b= the worst case estimate = $0.62/lb. Answer: We have to determine the E-value: E = (a + (4*m) + b) /6 E = (0.24 + (4 * 0.30) + 0.62)/ 6 E = $0.34/lb. (b) Data: a = the best case estimate = 37 tons m= the most likely estimate = 40 tons. b= the worst case estimate = 49 tons Answer: We have to determine the E-value: E = (a + (4*m) + b) /6 E = (37 + (4 * 40) + 47)/ 6 E = 40.66 tons or 41 tons if you want to round it up. (c) Using the estimates from 1 & 2, what is the expected cost for structural steel over the life of the project? ( 41 tons * 2000lbs.) = 82,000 lbs. Therefore, the estimates would be: $0.34/lb * 82,000 lbs = $27,880 (d) Using the "Complex" three-point method, what is the expected cost for structural steel over the life of the project? Expected cost: $0.34/lb * 82,000 lbs = $27,880 Most optimistic cost: $0.24/lb * 74,000 lbs = $17,760 Most pessimistic cost: $0.62/lb * 98,000 lbs = $60,760 The final estimated cost for the material is: (($17,760 + (4 * $27,880) + $60...
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...Lawns in bloom Landscaping and cutting service | Proposal for Lawn Mowing Agreement | | | Sherlynne Baker11/18/2014 | | November 18, 2014 Mayor Edward Talmage and Augusta Town Council 2300 N Market Street Augusta, Oregon 23114 Dear Mr. Talmage and Augusta Town Council, The following proposal submission is in response to the Town of Augusta, Oregon’s request for proposals for lawn mowing services submitted in the Augusta Daily Times newspaper. The request for proposal included weekly mowing of 5 miles of route 24, 10 acres in Willoughby Park and 23 acres at Augusta Memorial Golf Course. Our company, Lawns in Bloom Landscaping and Cutting Service, has been in the landscaping business in Oregon for 60 years. My father began this business in 1954 and I worked for him for many years until his retirement earlier this year. Our proposal will give you a cost analysis and a projected schedule. It will also include our proposed bid for the job. We trust that you will find that our company will deliver the services that you are requesting. Thank you for your time and consideration. We look forward to speaking to you in the near future. Sincerely, Sherlynne Baker Proposed Schedule Monday Morning: * Four employees on tractor mowers will mow half of the Augusta Memorial Golf Course from 7 am until 10 am so we will not interfere with your players. Monday Afternoon: * Four employees on tractor mowers will go...
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...Dear Ms Jocelyn Smith I am emailing you to ask for your assistance as a financial advisor for my new business, Buttons Bar and Lounge. I require R4 000 000 for the start up of the company and need your assistance in preparing a budget, doing accounts and obtaining a loan. The estimated cost to start the business consists of property, interior, stock and appliances. Adding to this is the cost of paying staff at an estimate of R4500 per night. As I have no experience in running accounts and doing finances for a business I require your help in doing so. I would need to prepare a monthly budget inclusive of all expenses and income so as to efficiently spend money and create maximum profits. I would also require you to do monthly accounting for the business to submit to SARS. Most importantly we would need your assistance in obtaining a loan from the bank to fund the start up of the business. This amount will be the whole R4 000 000. The loan will need to be obtained within the next year so the building for the business can be purchased and the business can be started by the set date of 24 April 2015. This means that in the time being you would not have to go forward with the monthly accounts however, I would like you to draw up the budget so I have an idea of the business plan in advance. Thank you in advance for your attention to this...
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...Individual: Project Budget CMGT/410 January 19,2015 Jim Kupferer Individual: Project Budget MEMO: To: Branch Managers CC: From: Date: January 19, 2015 Re: Proposed Budget for Offsite Training Session This memo is to inform all concerned of the budget needed for the upcoming proposed compliance training session. I will include estimates for all hardware, software, documents, airfares, transportation, accommodations, labor, and salaries of those attending the training. The first item on the budget will be the fees for the project manager. It is estimated it will take this person five days to set up the training session. The average salary for a project manager is $96,425 per year (glassdoor, 2014). If this is broken down for just the five days needed to prepare plus the two days of the training session, the estimated cost for the project manager is approximately $2600. Some equipment will need to be rented such as, a screen and projector to show slides during the meeting sessions. The cost for these items are $99 per day (Rental Projectors.Com, 2014), The item will need to be picked up the day before the training sessions and returned the next day. This means the equipment will need to be rented for four day at a cost of $396 and the cost of someone picking up the equipment and then returning it. The average wages for a delivery person is $13.35 per hour, (MyMajors, 2014), and it will take approximately...
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...Sooner or Later should use the $9 grant-date fair value to measure the compensation cost. One of the necessary requirements for the employee stock options to vest would be if the cumulative revenue over the following three-year period is greater than $10 million. If the revenue target was factored into the fair value assessment, the grant-date fair value would be $6. Per FASB ASC 718-10-30-27: Performance or service conditions that affect vesting are not reflected in estimating the fair value of an award at the grant date because those conditions are restrictions that stem from the forfeitability of instruments to which employees have not yet earned the right. However, the effect of a market condition is reflected in estimating the fair value of an award at the grant date (see paragraph 718-10-30-14). For purposes of this Topic, a market condition is not considered to be a vesting condition, and an award is not deemed to be forfeited solely because a market condition is not satisfied. Additionally, according to FASB ASC 718-10-55-64: Performance or service conditions that only affect vesting are excluded from the estimate of grant-date fair value, but all other performance or service conditions that affect an award’s fair value are included in the estimate of grant-date fair value. Sooner or Later’s employees have not yet met all service requirements associated with the stock compensation. As such, per the codification, the service conditions (the revenue...
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...The Printer Capacity Problem You are designing a manufacturing system at a Greenfield site for a family of printers. You currently offer 8 printers whose annual demand is uncorrelated and forecasted as normally distributed with parameters as given in the table below (units are in ‘000). The manufacturing system will entail a system of parallel lines. Each line will assemble and test printers. Each line can be dedicated to a printer type or can have some amount of flexibility. That is, a line can be designed to assemble and test any subset of the printer types. Assume each line will have dedicated capacity of 100,000 units per year, regardless of whether it is dedicated or flexible. The annualized cost of building and operating a dedicated line for any printer type is estimated to be $ 1,200,000. Suppose that annualized cost building and operating a flexible line is the cost of a dedicated line, $1,200,000, plus an estimate of $120,000 to $150,000 for each additional product that the line can make. Thus a line that can assemble printers A, F and G will cost between $ 1,400,000 and $ 1,500,000 annually. The unit contribution margin of each printer is $25, that is, the difference between revenue and the cost of material and distribution. Use Flexcap (Software on G Drive) to find a good capacity strategy for this facility. Printer Type |A |B |C |D |E |F |G |H | |Mean annual Demand |80 |80 |60 |60 |40 |40 |20 |20 | |Std deviation of annual demand |10 |30 |10 |30...
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