...Respiratory Therapy is a health profession that specializes in Cardio Pulmonary functions and health. Respiratory therapists help with prevention, assessing patients, treatment, diagnostic evaluation, education, and care. They treat patients from all ages, from babies to the elderly. The requirements in becoming a Respiratory Therapist are taking Human Anatomy, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Mathematics at a high school or college level. To begin the Respiratory Therapy Program out of high school you have to have a C or better in Chemistry, Anatomy, Algebra 2 minimum, and English. If these courses were not taken in high school, they would need to be taken at the college level to complete the prerequisites to apply for the Respiratory Program. The Program Certification may be obtained with an Associate’s Degree. Having a Bachelor’s Degree in Respiratory Therapy show more knowledge about your profession and chances are better at achieving a job right out of college and working about anywhere. The reasons why someone would want to become a Respiratory Therapist is helping patients with Lung Disease, Heart Disease, and Neuromuscular Disorders to improve the patients quality of life. Respiratory Therapists are people-oriented, dependable, flexible, honest, compassionate, caring, and courteous. In addition, the successful Respiratory Therapist must be able to handle the physical and emotional outcomes of what can be a very stressful job. Last, the successful...
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...Anatomy & Physiology of the Respiratory System respiratory system The respiratory system is situated in the thorax, and is responsible for gaseous exchange between the circulatory system and the outside world. Air is taken in via the upper airways (the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx) through the lower airways (trachea, primary bronchi and bronchial tree) and into the small bronchioles and alveoli within the lung tissue. Move the pointer over the coloured regions of the diagram; the names will appear at the bottom of the screen) The lungs are divided into lobes; The left lung is composed of the upper lobe, the lower lobe and the lingula (a small remnant next to the apex of the heart), the right lung is composed of the upper, the middle and the lower lobes. Mechanics of Breathing To take a breath in, the external intercostal muscles contract, moving the ribcage up and out. The diaphragm moves down at the same time, creating negative pressure within the thorax. The lungs are held to the thoracic wall by the pleural membranes, and so expand outwards as well. This creates negative pressure within the lungs, and so air rushes in through the upper and lower airways. Expiration is mainly due to the natural elasticity of the lungs, which tend to collapse if they are not held against the thoracic wall. This is the mechanism behind lung collapse if there is air in the pleural space (pneumothorax). Physiology of Gas Exchange Alveolar structure Each branch of the...
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...Breathing, we do it subconsciously every day. The Respiratory system is responsible for this process to take place, the moment we do not breath our body begins to deteriorate, tissue, organs, begin to fail without vital oxygen. Most diseases that affect the respiratory system are deadly and must be taken very seriously. Our ability to breath must not be taken for granted. The Respiratory system is a vital part of the human body. It is responsible for the taking in and distribution of oxygen in the blood stream and the release of waste product carbon dioxide. Every system largely depends on the others. The offset of one system may imbalance the others, often leading to disease. Both the digestive system and the circulatory system give the...
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...Respiratory Disease Paper There are various types of respiratory diseases that are currently prevalent in the United States. These diseases not only affect, but also claim the lives of many people annually. Asthma, Lung Disease, COPD, and Pneumonia are a few of the most common respiratory disease that are prevalent in our country. I chose to focus on Asthma because it is a controversial issue due to being both extremely common as well as it not having a cure. This disease has not only made a significant impact on our society due to its classified type, but to our country’s health care industry as well. What is Asthma? “Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways” (NIH). Asthma can affect anyone at any age, but it commonly starts during childhood. There are more than 25 million known cases of Asthma in our country. This disease is currently without a cure resulting in the occurrence of random flare-ups throughout a person’s life leading to symptoms being untreated if not managed properly. In order for a person to begin to manage their Asthma they must become educated on what the disease’s type is classified as. Disease Type Asthma is classified as needing tertiary prevention or being more manageable as a tertiary type due to being a long-term health problem that requires management to aid in softening the impact of it’s symptoms. Both the primary and secondary prevention stages of Asthma tend to not give enough information or even...
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...RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATION * Pulmonary ventilation * Moving air into + out of the lungs * External respiration- DOES NOT MEAN EXPIRATION OR EXHALATION * Gas exchange between the lungs + the blood (the aveoli and the blood) * Gas Transport * O2 + CO2 between the lungs + tissues * Internal respiration- internally! DOES NOT MEAN INHALATION OR INSPIRATION * Gas exchange between systemic blood vessels + tissues * (Additional functions: Smell, Speech) CONDUCTING VS. RESPIRATORY ZONES * Conducting: Passages for air to flow through (everything except those structures that involve gas exchange, no exchange across the wall, just moves air in and out) * Cleanse, humidify and warm the air as it moves through these passages * Respiratory: Gas exchange function NASAL CAVITY * High blood supply * Warms air * Mucous membran * Moistens air * Immunity (mucus, lysozyme, antibodies) * Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (it moves things, like dirty mucous and mucous traps things so that you can either swallow it or blow it out of your nose) * Moves contaminated mucus toward throat * Hair * Filter air * Olfactory receptors * Smell * Contributes to speech sounds PHARYNX * Funnel-shaped tube that connects to the: * Nasal cavity and mouth superiorly * Larynx and esophagus inferiorly * Food and/or air passageway * Divided into 3 regions ...
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...posterior to the nose and is above the soft palate. The oropharynx houses the faucial, or palatine, tonsils. The laryngopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage. The entrance of the larynx is formed by the epiglottis. 4. Larynx- The larynx, or voice box, connects the pharynx to the trachea and consists of carilage, ligaments, connective tissue, muscles, and the vocal cords. The cartilage provides a rigid structural framework for the larynx and trachea below, making sure that the airways is open at all time. Well as you probably already know it is part of the respiratory system and it is your voice box. Your larynx is where sound is, well, produceded. Your larynx also takes in air and sends it to your lungs. 5. Trachea- The trachea is also known as the windpipe. It is a bony tube, which connects the nose and mouth to the lungs, hence is an important part of the respiratory system in vertebrates. function is to assist in breathing as grown frogs do not have gills, 6. Lungs- A frogs lungs provide adult frogs the ability to breath not only through their skin, but to also be able to inhale...
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...Olivia Reyna Signs of Respiratory March 10, 2013 Learning the signs of respiratory distress: Children who are having a difficult time breathing often show signs that they are not getting enough oxygen, indicating respiratory distress. Below is a list of some of the signs that may indicate that your child is not getting enough oxygen. It is important to learn the signs of respiratory distress to know how to respond appropriately. • breathing rate An increase in the number of breaths per minute may indicate that a person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen. • color changes A bluish color seen around the mouth, on the inside of the lips, or on the fingernails may occur when a person is not getting as much oxygen as needed. The color of the skin may also appear pale or gray. • grunting A grunting sound can be heard each time the person exhales. This grunting is the body's way of trying to keep air in the lungs so they will stay open. • nose flaring The openings of the nose spreading open while breathing may indicate that a person is having to work harder to breathe. • retractions The chest appears to sink in just below the neck and/or under the breastbone with each breath - one way of trying to bring more air into the lungs. • sweating There may be increased sweat on the head, but the skin does not feel warm to the touch. More often, the skin may feel cool or clammy. This may happen when the breathing rate is very fast. • wheezing A tight...
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...Respiratory System & Disease Jeff Farmer Anatomy& Physiology II Casey Veatch March 14, 2012 As we live our busy lives, there are many things that we take for granted. Things like having running water, weather that’s live-able, weekends, TV with 100 channels, and NFL football. But one very important thing that we all take for granted is the involuntary process of our respiratory system and breathing. The automatic breathing regulation system allows you to breathe so you don’t even have to consciously think about it even when you’re asleep. Respiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There are three different phases of respiration: external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration. External respiration is the intake of oxygen from the environment and the release of carbon dioxide. In internal respiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is carried away from the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactions within the cells ( Tortora, 2008). Air enters the body through the nose. From here it is warmed, filtered, and passed through the nasal cavity. Air passes the pharynx, then through the upper part of the trachea containing the larynx and moves into the bronchi that carry air in and out of the lungs (West, 1993). Ventilation is the mechanics of breathing in and out. When you inhale,...
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...Respiratory Air Flow and Volume 1. The predicted value for vital capacity (3.91 L) is higher than the experimental vital capacity (3.56 L). The predicted value for functional residual capacity (2.96L) is higher than the experimental value (2.54 L). The predicted value for total lung capacity(5.51) is higher than the experimental value (5.16). The differences can be caused by smoking, asthma and other lung deseases. 2. Inspiration mainly use muscular effert during quiet breathing. Expiration is largely passive because of the elastic recoil of the luna. Our group can relate this fact to the pattern we got of expiratory and inspiratory flow because in our experiment the expiration rate took longer than the inspiratory rate because expiration was passive. Expiration involves returning to the normal state. 3. Because the volunteer is unable to exhale any further, the residual volume can’t be determined by spirometry. Spirometry only measure what you’re breathing in and out. 4. The predicted value for Forced vital capacity (4.13L) is higher than the experimental value (3.32L). The predicted value for forced expired volume per 1 second (3.59L ) is higher than the experimental value (2.60 L). The predicted value for FEV1/FVC (87%) is higher than the experimental value( 78%). The differences can be caused by smoking, asthma or any other lung diseases. 5. It describes the effectiveness of how well an individual’s lungs can turn over its total volume in 1 second. 6. It...
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...The Structure and function of the Respiratory system The respiratory system is to enable the body achieve successful gas exchange, the system is specialize in properties allowing this process to function adequately. Firstly the Trachea which is your wind pipe has the structure of a long tube with strong C-rings of cartilage running down it, the reason of this is so that when you are laying down or moving organs such as your lungs don’t put pressure on your trachea as this would block the air flowing through this structure allows the function of the trachea to remain open at all times allowing us to breathe. The trachea along with the bronchi are all lined with ciliated cells, these cells have hair like structure which all rhythmically move in a sweeping motion. This is then supported by Goblet cells which produce Mucus so that dirt, bacteria and dust can stick to it, this then is supported by the ciliated cells which sweeps the mucus up the trachea to the epiglottis to be swallowed into the stomach and the pathogens then killed in the stomach or to be coughed out. This structure allows the function of disposing of bacteria and foreign pathogens as well as dirt so that it can be removed from our body. It’s important in the respiratory system that the structure allows efficient gas exchange. This is done by things such as the alveoli as this only has walls which are one cell thick which allows rapid diffusion rates. The alveoli also has a large service area because it increases...
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...Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) causes obstruction in the alveoli in the lungs. RDS affects newborn infants but rarely occurs in full term infants. RDS is primarily witnessed in infants of prematurity, usually less than 28 weeks gestation. RDS is more common in premature infants because the premature infant’s lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant. Surfactant is a liquid that coats the inside of the lungs and enables the alveoli to remain open so that infants can breathe in air once they're born. “Surfactant is necessary for lowering the surface tension in the alveoli so that they can stay open to allow the flow of gases. If surfactant levels are low, the alveoli do not expand and cannot receive air, leading the decreased gas exchange, low oxygen levels, and generalized distress throughout the body as cells do not receive the oxygen that they need to survive” Without sufficient surfactant, the lungs collapse and the infant has to work harder to breathe. The infant may not be able to breathe in enough oxygen to support the body's organs. This lack of oxygen circulating throughout the infant’s body can damage the baby's brain and various other organs if appropriate treatment is not delivered. Neonatal RDS can also be the result of genetic problems with lung development during the prenatal phase of the pregnancy. The earlier a baby is born, the less developed the lungs are and the higher the chance of neonatal RDS. Additional...
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...before, but they're just covered with tissue. So in this instance, we're calling them meatuses. And the job of those meatuses is to almost act as though they're speed bumps. So as soon as you sucked the air in through our nostrils, the air will get caught around the meatuses. It slows the air flow down. And when it slowed the air flow down, it will allow time for the nasal cavity to filter and humidify the incoming air. Because the air in our environment is much drier than the inside of our body. So when we breathe air in, if we didn't humidify a little bit, it would potentially dry out our nasal passages. So as soon as we breathe the air in, the nasal cavity will moisten it up, filter it, and then send it down to the deeper parts of the respiratory tract. So again, those meatuses act as sped bumps. They're going to kick up turbulence in the air to sallow us to filter and humidify better. And we know that the air we take in is humidified because if breathed into your hand. And next we have the hard and soft palate, which you should still be familiar with from API. The hard palate if what we call the roof of our mouth. And the palate here is made up of the maxillary bone and the palatine bone. And then hanging off the hard palate, we have the soft palate, which is made up of cartilage. That's why it's called soft because it's much more flexible. Hard palate, maxillary bone and palatine bone. And then soft...
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...Running Head: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Respiratory Syncytial Virus Breanna Kennelly Apollo College Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection in patients of all ages and is one of the most popular diseases of childhood. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which manifests primarily as bronchiolitis and/or viral pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in infants and young children. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs) and pneumonia in children under one year of age in the United States. During the first year of life, most infants are infected with the virus. Most RSV infected children encounter symptoms in the upper respiratory tract and 20% to 30% develop lower respiratory tract disease with their first infection (www.appredbook.com). Certain conditions such as preterm birth, heart and lung disease and immunodeficiency increase the risk for severe RSV tract illness. RSV bronchiolitis could likely be related with short or long term complications including recurrent wheezing and oddity in pulmonary function. It is not uncommon for re-infection with RSV to occur throughout life. The virus presents similar to other respiratory infections and the common cold with symptoms including cough, wheezing, retractions, rales, tachypnea, shortness of breath, fever (usually low-grade), cyanosis, and runny nose. In very young infants sepsis...
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...Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory System Overview Cells in the body require oxygen to survive. Vital functions of the body are carried out as the body is continuously supplied with oxygen. Without the respiratory system exchange of gases in the alveoli will not be made possible and systemic distribution of oxygen will not be made possible. Thetransportation of oxygen in the different parts of the body is accomplished by the blood of the cardiovascular system. However, it is the respiratory system that carries in oxygen to the body and transports oxygen from the tissue cells to the blood. Thus, cardiovascular system and respiratory system works hand in hand with each other. A problem in the cardiovascular system would affect the other and vice versa. Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System Nose The nose is the only external part of the respiratory system and is the part where the air passes through. During inhalation and exhalation, air enters the nose by passing through the external nares or nostrils. Nasal cavity is found inside the nose and is divided by a nasal septum. The receptors for the sense of smell, olfactory receptors are found in the mucosa of the slit-like superior part of the nasal cavity which is located beneath the ethmoid bone. Respiratory mucosa lines the rest of the nasal cavity and rests on a rich network of thin-walled veins that warms the air passing by. Important information about nose is the presence of the sticky mucus that is produced...
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...The respiratory system consists of the nose ,pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and can be classified according to structure or function The cardiovascular system comnsists of blood, the heart and blood vessels which are divided into arteries, arterioles capillaries, venules and veins (Ingram, 2011). Structurally consists of two parts, the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system. The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, the nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structure and the lower respiratory system consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). Functionally the respiratory system consist of two zones, the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone consists of a series of connecting cavities and tubes and their main function is to filter warm and moisten air and filter it to the lungs and the respiratory zone consist of tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. In brief the main functions of the respiratory system is to provide for gas exchange, intake oxygen for delivery to the body cells and remove carbon dioxide produced by the body cells. It also helps regulate blood pH and contains receptors for sense of smell, filters inspired air, produce vocal sounds and excretes small amounts of water and heat. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012). The heart is the primary organ in the cardiovascular system. It’s a pumps up to 14,000 litres of blood around the body each day.(Tortora...
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