... Tan, Lecluyse, McFerran and Meddis conducted a study comparing cochlear function between individuals with hearing-impairment with tinnitus, hearing-impairment without tinnitus, and a control group of individuals without hearing-impairment or tinnitus. The specific pathophysiology of tinnitus is unclear, some believe it is associated with outer hair cell damage. Outer hair cell damage as a cause is questionable since some patients continue to have tinnitus sensations “after cochlear ablation or auditory nerve section” (Tan, Lecluyse, McFerran & Meddis, 2013, p. 275). This study found that both groups had a similar average hearing loss, but “tinnitus patients were observed to have better frequency selectivity and compression than those without tinnitus” (Tan et al, 2013, p. 275). The study results suggest “that inner hair cell dysfunction with subsequent reduced auditory innervation is a possible trigger of tinnitus” (Tan et al, 2013, p. 275). Reflection Tinnitus caused by inner cell dysfunction that is triggered by peripheral deficits is an interesting concept (Tan et al, 2013, p. 281). Prior to reading this article, my understanding of tinnitus was limited to a ringing in the ear and a symptom of conditions such as Meniere’s disease and labyrinthitis. I was not aware that some individuals continue to experience tinnitus even after removing auditory input to the cochlea or vestibulocochlear nerve. From this article, I increased in my understanding of the...
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...Collapse Informatics: Response Paper • Collapse Informatics: Augmenting the Sustainability & ICT4D Discourse in HCI (Tomlinson et al., 2012) • Looking Past Yesterday’s Tomorrow: Using Future Studies Methods to Extend the Research Horizon (Mankoff et al., 2013) Both papers are dealing with future scenarios and stressing the likelyhood of a collapse if humanity proceeds its current way of living. The papers provide starting points to investigate in the preparation for humanity if such an event will come true. While the paper by Tomlinson et al. (2012) is introducing a completely new notion for studying, designing and devloping sociotechnical systems in the abundant present for use in a future of scarcity, the second paper by Mankoff et al. (2013) presents methods that can support the analysis of long-‐ term trends, support the identification of new...
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...Community Emergency Preparedness and Response Paper NUR/408 April 2, 2012 University of Phoenix Community Emergency Preparedness and Response Paper Firefighters cannot contain a forest fire that has been blazing for five days. The risk of the fire is not life-threaten but citizens are encouraged to remain indoors unless necessary to leave home because of the smoky winds. The smoke from the fire is affecting many of the residents in the community, especially those with preexisting lung diseases. The local hospital is full and the emergency room is over crowed. Patients are in need of beds in the hospital. The entire staff is stressed and pressed to discharge patients quickly to make room for patients holding in the emergency room. In addition nursing staff is required to work overtime to meet the needs of the community. Next, the Neighborhood Senior Nursing Clinic has seen more seniors than usual this week because of the smoky winds. Many of the seniors have needed to use their oxygen more often than usual this week. The seniors have been advised by the nurse Karen at the Neighborhood Senior Nursing Clinic to stay indoors to avoid respiratory irritants. Unfortunately, there had been an increase in seniors coming to the clinic in the past couple of years related to lack of extracurricular activities available to seniors in the community. After that a second grade student at the neighborhood school was sent to the school nurse because of difficulty breathing. She was noted...
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...Phil- 201 Response Paper The argument of whether or not it is possible to prove or disprove God’s existence has been going on for hundreds if not thousands of years. Many scholars, atheists, and non-believers throughout the years have argued against the existence of God, but in H.J. McCloskey’s, On Being an Atheist, he shows a much deeper look at his argument by discussing what he thinks might be the overarching argument of Gods existence. After reading McCloskey’s article I have found many weaknesses in his argument and aim to point them out to show the truthfulness of Gods existence. In order for theists to properly bring truth to this matter we must understand the background to the beliefs of the atheists. The very first problem with McCloskey’s article is that he states that the theist’s argument in favor of God’s existence does not hold any proof. He believes that our proofs do not hold any girth and there for should be done away with. McCloskey states on page 64, “To get the proof going, genuine indisputable examples of design or purpose are needed. There are no such examples, so the proof does not get going at all.” This argument is an interesting one but is disproven by some other arguments atheists might have. Many traditional approaches to different solutions use proof or the idea of it to support it. If you examine the traditional approaches you will find that proof is seen as a series of logical steps which lead to a conclusion without having any unquestionable...
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...generation.They have become so involved with the use of technology that they often tend to forget about the real world and take action without using their minds.Nowadays the young generation also do not have any privacy as they share too much personal information on social media.Due to such extreme use of technology these young people are showing less personal interactions.They do not have enough time for their friends or families.The writer also said that this generation is so obsessed with gadgets and the internet that they are doing bad in their academic oerformances and that the students have very short attention spans.The writer thinks that they should not be so obsessed with technology but enjoy their benefits.I am writing this response paper to show the young generation is misusing technology and I would like to express my agreement on how the people are the ones who use technology in the wrong way, also I would like to express my disagreements on the point on which the author said that technology is taking over their lives and I would also like to offer a few suggestions. The author has mainly targeted the young generation.The young generation consists of teenagers and young...
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...Corey Rivera Dr. Matthew Arbo Phil 201-D20 December 7, 2013 Response Paper Does a belief in an all-knowing, all-good, all-perfect, and all-powerful God provide one with all the answers to life’s inexplicable questions? Conversely, does a belief in atheism offer any insight into life’s inexplicable questions? According to an article titled “On Being an Atheist,” written by the Australian philosopher H.J. McCloskey, atheism seems to do just that. In fact in his article, McCloskey not only bashes the classical arguments for God’s existence using the problem of evil, but also offers it as the reason why one should not hold to the belief in all-knowing, all-good, all-perfect, all-powerful God. However, as seen in the arguments against McCloskey’s beliefs in atheism, such a belief is not only a sin against God, but has devastating effects to all of mankind. McCloskey claims that arguments, named “proofs” in his article, offer no significant evidence to establish a case for an omnibenevolent God, and therefore should be disregarded.1 However, McCloskey is using the classical arguments the wrong way and in a manner they were not designed to be used. The problem with referring to the classical arguments for God’s existence as “proofs” implies a sense of certainty. These arguments were not meant to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the existence of God, as McCloskey believes. Rather these arguments take a best explanation approach for the existence of God. They simply argue the best...
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...Response Paper Humanity has held varying perspectives concerning religion and deity. In our current world there are countless religious beliefs such as Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism and Atheism to name a few. The vast majority of these are monotheistic or polytheistic with the exception of Atheism which is absent of any belief in a deity. In each dogmatic structure a formula is provided as a means to live a meaningful life, some to self-satisfaction, in serving others and one in serving a loving God. However, Atheism holds to a belief that there is no afterlife only an end of all existence. With this in mind and there being various religious aspects we must ponder the question, how can humanity reject or disallow the everlasting father, the one true God? Many are the disputes for and against the existence of a God and many have proven to be confusing and misguided to say the least but do propose strong arguments that should be understood. An article by Australian philosopher H. J. McCloskey titled, “On Being an Atheist” presents a seemingly very compelling pro-atheist argument. McCloskey wastes no time and opens his article by explaining the flawed belief systems of theism. Although there are a other arguments to be considered in formulating a solid perspective McCloskey chooses to remain in the scope of three, the Cosmological, Teleological and the argument of design. Cosmological arguments endeavor to surmise the existence of God...
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...Response paper to 'Economic Globalization' This article (Buckley, 1998) divides into three parts: The description of the global marketplace, the competition and protection in the global marketplace and the change of the global financial markets . The article points out that the volume of world trades increase significantly in recent marketplace and business might compete not only with their neighbouring organizations but the businesses in faraway countries as well. The article states that services and intellectual property rights are becoming to comply with the international regulations. Additionally, tariff has been decreased to encourage the international trade. Buckley (ibid) believes that the gap between the rich and the poor has widened not only between countries but also within countries in recent year, and the poor might suffer hard lifetime. It seems not be wise to just focus on the profit. For the sophisticated companies, taking the sustainability into consideration might be more worthwhile to achieve the long-term development. The foreign exchange rate fluctuations exert an significant impact on the profitability of commercial organizations (ibid). Furthermore, according to Buckley (ibid), the global financial markets emphasize more on a few OECD countries such as United States, the UK and China. My response to this is to totally agree with the authors. First and foremost, companies should take both the social responsibility and the profitability into consideration...
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...Response Paper H. J. McCloskey, a renowned philosopher in the mid 20th century, wrote a provocative article in 1968 titled, “On Being an Atheist”. McCloskey argues for atheism as the preferred and better belief system based upon his refutation of the theistic arguments. He argues against the existence of God by attempting to refute the cosmological and teleological arguments; as well he endeavours to discredit a God based upon the presence of evil. In doing this, he extends the boundaries for arguing God, whilst opening the floor to debate free will and the apparent comfort of the atheistic belief system. However, through careful analysis of the arguments for God, and an insight into the mysterious free will that God has given man; we see that a theistic belief is logically more sound and preferred. McCloskey says that the proofs for the argument of God cannot definitively establish a case for the existence of God. Therefore, all those proofs for God cannot be used in the logical argument for a God. However, McCloskey didn’t recognize the three aspects when approaching the question: does God exist. Through these three studies, we are shown that though no one person can empirically prove the existence of God, He in fact still exists (Foreman, Lesson 18). The three aspects to approaching the question of God are: best explanations approach, cumulative case approach, and the minimalistic concept of God. The best explanations aspect refers to the existence of God as the best way...
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...Response Paper H. J. McCloskey Article Shawna Upchurch Liberty University Summer 2015 PHIL 201-D18 H.J. McCloskey had written an article called On Being an Atheist that was publish on February, 1968. In this article he speaks about if God is real. Even though we cannot see God in person does that mean he is not real? There are some that does not have a belief in God even those there is no proof stating there is not a God. This does not mean that one should not listen to others then they try to tell you that there is not a God. But the best thing to do is listen to them and see what proof that they can show to state as to why they think that way. Then there are some that believes that there is a God but does not believe in all that is said that he had done. McCloskey stated in page 62 that, “Philosopher colleagues attribute to much importance to the role of the proofs of the existence of God as a basis for religious belief, that most theists does not come to believe in God as a result of reflecting on the proofs, but come to religion as a result of other reasons and factors.” (McCloskey, 1968) McCloskey used three arguments to support his claims; these three arguments are cosmological argument, teleological argument, and Argument from design. McCloskey had went on speaking about the cosmological argument and about the universe. McCloskey was more into the idea of a big bang. This can be broken down into three ideas from Evans and Manis on their non-temporal form of cosmological...
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...1. Andrew Jackson, aka “Old Hickory” (The Miller Center, 2012). 2. Democrat (The Miller Center, 2012). 3. He was a judge, congressman, lawyer, and most importantly he won fame as a major general in the War of 1812 with smashing victories (Potus, 2012). 4. Andrew Jackson was elected president twice serving (2) terms. In 1828, he won 68.2% of the electoral vote. In 1832, he won 76.0% of the electoral vote (The American Presidency Project, 2012). 5. In the beginning of Andrew Jacksons presidency he recommended eliminating the Electoral College. Also, Jackson battled against the Second Bank of the United States. A private corporation but Jackson saw it as a Government-sponsored monopoly. He reacted by vetoing the banks recharter bill. (The White House, 2012). 6. One factor that would explain Andrew Jacksons issues in his presidency, would be his Public Support. Patterson states, Presidential power rests in part on a claim to national leadership, and the strength of that claim is roughly proportional to the president’s public support. (2011, p. 443). As President he planned to direct his representation to the common man. Without the public support Jackson would not have been elected by popular vote. (The White House, 2012) The American Presidency Project (2012). Presidential Election Data 1828 – 1832. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/elections.php Accessed September 9, 2012. The Miller Center (2012). The American President: A Reference...
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...Omar Hamada 900141417 Social Problems in the Middle East Dr. Nazek Nosseir Research Paper What Are The Real Reasons Behind Poverty In The Middle East? "Poverty: The state of being extremely poor" by Oxford Dictionaries Introduction With the recent revolutions in the Middle East demanding word and social justice, and the high levels of unemployment in the region. The Middle East is still suffering from a high poverty rating, and a huge wage gap between the social classes. Rich people literally are getting richer while the poor are facing more problems and disasters as time goes by. Many questions remain unanswered: What are the reasons behind poverty in the Middle East? Why do rich people get richer while the poor get poorer? How do the rich people benefit from the current situation? How laws are fixed to protect only the rich? Are governments involved in these acts? Poverty rate in MENA has been slightly declining since 1990 to 2005, 17 percent of the region's population live below $2/day in 2005. The region faces various challenges in poverty reduction, such as the persistency of poverty, as poverty in this region is impacted by a hasty economic growth, which is above 2 percent per capita. This is a result of the nature of poverty, which is concentrated on groups that benefit the last ones from that economic growth: the uneducated, rural residents, families with a lot of members. Another challenge the region is facing is the increasing inequality, which is increasing...
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...“I never met any one of his class who remembered him”: Religion and morality in Ernest Hemingway’s “The Sun Also Rises” Ernest Hemingway considers that religion but not morality plays a significant role in his novel “The Sun Also Rises” for the whole novel is about drinking, parties and the religion issue. Hemingway describes the inferiority of a Jew called Robert Cohn and he is always called “the Jew with Brett” to announce how religion can impact people’s disposition. Hemingway suggests that religion is an essential role in lost generation but morality is not that important in this amoral society at that period, which was a period that filled with alcohol, money, sexual obsession. By using the modification of Cohn’s character from the beginning to the end, he illustrates how religion can affect one’s life and personality, in that case, he draws a rich Jew who had a strong feeling of inferiority although he was so-called the upper class and he did not dare to consider other girls but his fiancée Frances, and he gained confidence when his novel got a little success but he was actually a man with inner self-abasement which can be inferred through his handshaking behavior. As he says, “he cared nothing for boxing, in fact he disliked it, but he learned it painfully and thoroughly to counteract the feeling of inferiority and shyness he had felt on being treated as a Jew at Princeton” (Hemingway 11). Princeton was known as a place where is full of wealthy guys and the...
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...emphasizes on the angel’s wings. Wings usually symbolize power and freedom but in this story the angel is nothing like that. Here, this magical angel is described as weak and captivated inside a chicken’s coop by this common family. He is being ill-treated by the common people. This probably represents that one has his own importance only when he is strong and powerful. Weak people are always being ignored, no matter if he is an angel or not. Although he is an angel but the responses towards him was not something that we expect to see. Pelayo and Elisenda were taking advantage of this weak angel by showcasing him and charging money from the village people. After realizing a connection on the fate of the angel’s arrival and the recovery of their extremely ill son, Pelayo and Elisenda then finally decide to keep him inside the chicken’s coop. That’s the best they can do for an angel! On the contrary, if it was a strong and perfect angel with a halo that we usually picture in our imagination, then their responses would have been totally different towards the angel. Instead of showing gratitude or respect, the people of the village seem kind of cruel and unconcerned of the angel’s sick situation. They did not even care that the angel was suffering. It seems like that the people were waiting for the actual climax of the picture once it starts to talk or respond to their cruel actions. They were waiting to experience a miracle! They even threw stones and burnt his wings with iron...
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...The epic of Sundiata was an oral tradition that follows the life of Sundiata, son of Maghan Kon Fatta and Sogolon and future King of the Kingdom of Mali. The history of the “lion prince” (Niane 14), is told by the griot Mamadou Kouyate many generations after Sundiata himself died in the 1200’s. It remained spoken only until scholars began publishing African oral tradition as stories in the mid-1900s. Mamadou Kouyate explains that his reason for telling the history of Mali in this fashion is, “…so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past, (1).” The epic itself are plainly written words of an oral account, but that does not take away from the fact that the history and tale is a reliable source of information on the old kingdoms of Western Africa and the Kingdom of Mali specifically. Griots, like Mamadou Kouyate, were men who had ,”…learnt the art of historical oratory through long years…bound by an oath, (viii).” Though certain words are often changed when a person retells a story, Griots were raised from their youth and trained to retain exact details of a history in order to better retell it in the future. Griots were highly respected men who maintained traditions of their people and were often more than not advisers to the kings of Mali. Griots, “…for want of archives, records the customs, traditions and governmental principles of kings, (vii).” These men told history so it can be an example to...
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