...Castro Maldonado CJA/374 Juvenile System and Process July 29, 2014 Prof. Victor Candelario- Vega Crime Causation and Diversion Paper As a prerequisite for the course, we were to analyze two different programs for juvenile offenders, this could be to prevent, to intervene or divert juveniles into committing any crime. On this paper, you will find two-intervention programs practiced in Puerto Rico, in a wish are focused to a certain type of crime or accountability. Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws. The program EUDL is focused on the prohibition of selling alcoholic beverages to minors, and it also focuses on the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors. OJJDP's EUDL program supports and enhances efforts by States and local jurisdictions to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors. The program encourages close partnerships between law enforcement agencies and community groups involved in preventing and intervening in underage drinking. OJJDP also offers comprehensive training and technical assistance to guide States and communities in their efforts. Underage drinking contributes to youth violence, traffic injuries and fatalities, crime, suicide, high-risk sex, and a host of other problems. In 2005, underage drinkers (defined as individuals younger than21 years old) consumed 15 percent of all alcohol sold in the United States (Miller, 2006). To address this serious problem, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP's) Enforcing...
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...Restorative Justice and Juvenile Courts Denise Gladden CRJS-450-1402A-01: Advanced Topics in Corrections April 12, 2014 Abstract This paper provides a brief overview of two different juvenile programs, aftercare and institutions. It provides contrasting differences between the treatment received by juveniles in housed institutions and community aftercare programs, and there effects on recidivism. The effectiveness or ineffectiveness of both programs, in treating and rehabilitating juvenile delinquents is also discussed. Restorative Justice and Juvenile Courts Restorative justice refers to repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. This is best accomplished through a cooperative process which includes all stakeholders (Restorative Justice, n.d.). The Intensive Aftercare Program is an intensive community-based research, and seeks to reduce recidivism among high-risk parolees by better preparing them for release back into the community. This program model is data driven research that show that a highly structured and enhanced transition from incarceration to the community can be beneficial to the parolees in areas of family and peer relations, education, jobs, substance abuse, mental health and recidivism without having a negative impact on the community. A valuable component of the Colorado’s Intensive Aftercare Program is the requirement that both surveillance and treatment services be provided. It has been determined to be relevant to success...
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...Juvenile Justice CRJ 301 David MacKusick January 17, 2011 Juvenile Justice The juvenile justice system is much different from the adults, or at least that was the original intent. This paper is going to outline juvenile delinquency, discuss the strategies, the juvenile process and the intervention programs we can use to stop juvenile delinquency in the future. The Cook County Juvenile Court was established in 1899 on an informal basis. The parens patriae doctrine, which permitted the court to take charge of children in need. Children were not adults and should not be treated as such their problems could be discovered and treated; therefore, the courts develop a different system. This was not actual courtroom, it was a table and chairs where the judge could sit with the parents and discuss the matter at hand. Children could be brought to the court based on complaints. These hearings were not public and the records were kept confidential because the children were not considered criminal. Lawyers were not required and the same rules that applied in adult court were missing in juvenile court (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). This system was so attractive that most states adopted the same system. The criminal justice system is definitely a complex one and there is no exception when it comes to juveniles. The juvenile justice system however is based on the philosophy that children need to be protected and corrected, not necessarily punished. These are children...
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...Minors involved in the jihad warriors Name Institution Course Tutor Date Minors involved in the jihad warriors Introduction The numbers of child delinquents that are handled in the nation's juvenile courts have increased over the past few decades. This is a major concern because offense patterns reflect more serious crimes among the youngsters, and the young offenders are more likely to continue with criminal acts. Child delinquents are more liable to become serious and violent offenders than youths whose delinquent behavior begins in the teens. Several studies indicate increased cases of violence committed by young children, which have resulted in children delinquents inflicting more deadly harm. For this reason, child delinquents represent a significant problem for the society. Several studies show that young males are associated with multitude Jihad warriors. The perpetrators are likely to be between 15 to 25 years. Adolescence brings a dramatic increase in the number of people who are willing to offend, generally between 15 and 18 years. With Jihad wars, the same factors attract young men to deviant activity can play a significant role in the attraction terrorism hold. Higher impulsivity, great confidence, and attraction to risk –taking gives a particular appeal to some young males. In addition, a desire for revenge and retribution is also a common motive for joining terrorist groups. Research indicates that...
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...The juvenile justice system was first established in the state of Illinois and has grown substantially since 1899. Once informal and taken as nothing more than a conversation between the juvenile offender and the judge, to replace confinement in adult prisons, the courts created a probationary system- one which would be used for the supervision of minors, education and guidance. Today, the juvenile justice system remains focused on its primary goal, which is to rehabilitate the juvenile offender and distinguish itself from the adult criminal justice system. The Juvenile justice system is in critical need of reformation. Admittedly, there has been a steady decline in juvenile detention and out-of-home placements over the past decade. Sill, too many juveniles have been placed in securely detained facilities, far from home, rather than handled effectively within their own communities. The current juvenile justice policies and practices in place do not take a number of factors into consideration including the child’s age and responsiveness to rehabilitation. They overlook the long term collateral consequences, violate principles which are supposed to stand for equal justice under the law and the role of the juvenile justice system, in addition to the amount of taxpayers’ money wasted. In addition, many of the systems exhibit ethnic and racial disparities, they lack sound drug treatment and mental health services, and apply the harshest sanctions for minor or non-violent misbehaviors...
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...Contents Page No. * Introduction 02 * Objectives 03 * Methodology 03 * Description of Juvenile delinquency 03 * Causes of Juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh 06 * Prevention of Juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh 13 * Conclusion 17 * References 19 * Introduction: Juvenile delinquency is one of the most prominent problems today throughout the world especially in developing countries as Bangladesh. It is seems that traditional patterns of guiding the relationships and transition between family, school and work are being challenged. Social relations that ensure a smooth process of socialization are collapsing and lifestyle is becoming more dynamic and less predictable. The reformation of the labour market, the extension of the maturity gap and the limited opportunities to become an independent adult are all changes influencing relationships with family and friends. Also, educational opportunities and choices, labour market participation, leisure activities and lifestyles often create hindrance in the way of developing adolescence normal behaviour. There are some new pressures that influence on young people while undergoing the transition from childhood to independence. The factors which create a bridge with the way of getting delinquent in Bangladesh are rapid population growth, the unavailability of housing and support services, poverty, unemployment and underemployment among youth, the...
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...l Race and Juvenile Delinquency by Dubien Tshimanga SOCIOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY CAPSTONE PRINCIPIA COLLEGE APRIL 2015 ABSTRACT Throughout history, the struggle of minorities has been seen in many facets of life such as in history, literature, music and film: Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi fought for the right of unrepresented minorities. Books such as Too Kill a Mocking Bird spoke to the prejudices of a community. Movies such as Roots illustrated the hardship of the slaves. From the Roman’s persecution of Christians to today’s rap song lyrics about economic disparities the plight of the minority has been fought for millennium. This research examines the struggle of minorities within the juvenile justice system and the differential rates of adjudication and length of sentencing between the white majority and the black minority juvenile offenders. During the course of this research, additional insights were gained from an internship at a youth correctional center as well as drawing on my own personal experience as a refugee from Gabon. The findings of my research demonstrate that minority offenders do receive harsher sentences than the whites, and that there are several factors contributing to higher rates of juvenile delinquency among African Americans; primarily education and community. To consider the struggle of minorities is important because it creates awareness that the maltreatment of a minority group by the dominant majority often...
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...There are many juvenile programs such as job programs, education, and drug programs. There are computer training that can help teen and minors learn computers, Many Teens and Minors can learn a trade such as fixing cars, as a way that they can learn something new. Many juveniles come from bad backgrounds such as family, sexual abuse, gang life and sex trades, and other problems. These problems can help minors learn something help them be better adults in the future. It can help them see and feel that they have a chance in life. Engaging with families involves releasing false assumptions. Agencies must assess and respond to the real needs of the teens and Minors. Many communities want the juvenile justice system to change. Some want the teens and minors off the street and some want them to get help. Many want law enforcement to be more involved and courts to help them. Law enforcement will do all they can to help minors get off the street. They help by Engaging families and communities in a form of restorative manner Building capacity of community-based organizations and parent advocates; and this can Includes ways of impacted communities on how advisory boards and commissions on how it can be impoved. There are many juvenile programs such as job programs, education, and drug programs. There are computer training that can help teen and minors learn computers, Many Teens and Minors can learn a trade such as fixing cars, as a way that they can learn something new...
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...ITT-tech | Juvenile Justice Supreme Court Cases | Project 2 | | Latisha Lipsey | 7/30/2012 | | Juveniles have been committing crimes since the beginning of time, and they were punished has needed. The problem in today’s world is the youths are starting to commit more crimes, then decades ago, and another issue is how to punish a juvenile for the crime they committed. There are several landmark juvenile cases that were decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. The first three cases, Kent v. United States (1966), In re Gault (1967), and In re Winship (1970), are considered to be three biggest cases which opened the doors for the juvenile litigation before the U.S. Supreme Court (Champion, 2010,2007,2004,2001,1998). When the Kent case was decided in 1966, it was much easier for the U.S. Supreme Court to impose its vast precedent setting powers on juvenile courts in all jurisdictions. Then there was other cases including Breed v. Jones that granted various constitutional rights to juveniles (Champion, 2010,2007,2004,2001,1998). In today’s world juvenile courts in all jurisdictions have moved away from traditional approaches to juvenile offending and punishment and onto due process commensurate with adult offenders. The presence of an attorney in juvenile courts is more of a rule then an exception (Champion, 2010,2007,2004,2001,1998) . The history of the evolution of the legal rights of juvenile offenders began in the 1960’s, the Supreme Court required juvenile courts...
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...no keener revelation of a society’s soul than the way in which it treats its children.” - Nelson Mandela. The twin concepts of "juvenile delinquency" and "juvenile justice" have gone through a constant process of evolution and refinement. Ever since the 1920s, when as a sequel to the Indian Jail Committee (1919-20) recommendations, comprehensive Children Acts were first enacted in the Provinces of Madras (1920), Bengal (1922) and Bombay (1924) till the passing of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986,1 the advances have been dynamic. These changes were partly due to litigation by public interest groups contesting the status of juveniles in Indian jails, Supreme Court rulings, and the adoption of UN General Assembly of the Beijing Rules in 1985. Even after a decade of passing the JJA, most of the states had failed to establish separate juvenile courts, welfare boards or special homes for delinquents. These measures haven’t successfully crossed the realms of justice into welfare. The reformation and rehabilitation measures by the government and contribution made by social organisations are being discussed in the following pages. 1.2. Scope This project is aimed to find out the lacunae in the Juvenile justice system of our country and the inadequacies in the reformation and rehabilitation of delinquent. To find out the practical realities of the juvenile justice system in India, we circulated a questionnaire among managerial students. This exercise enabled us to...
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...Individual Theories Stacey Simmons University of Phoenix July 29, 2012 History has proved over time that there are two types of young adults in the world, those who make the decision to be successful and those with the “I don’t care attitude “and intrigue with the life of criminal behavior. The reasons that young adults make the choices that they do vary greatly in difference. Three of the reasons mentioned by young adults as to why they choose the bad road involves having a horrible younger life, peer pressure and even the excuse of boredom. We have young adults who choose to entertain criminal behavior therefore, we must also have in turn a system that can be measured in the deterrence of criminal behavior among youth. Our current system does not seem to be as effective in improving this rising problem. To effectively be able to deter some of this criminal activity in youth, we need to gather information on why a youth chooses to be involved in this type of behavior, and there are many theories to this question. One of those theories is labeled as the Genetic Theory. The genetic theory states that criminal behavior is inherited just as hair color or eye color is. It is theorized that embedded in these offenders is a genetic code that causes them to make certain decisions and be involved in criminal behavior. This theory also states that anyone can look at a child’s parents and determine whether or not the child is going to be an offender. ...
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...Juvenile Crime Issues CJS 200 February 12, 2012 Juvenile Crime Issues Children and young adults today are exposed to media shows and movies that affect them. Many have broken homes, face poverty and have other problems in school that affect them and can cause them to do wrong things. The arrest rates for juvenile males are 70%, and 30% for females. Anyone under the age of 18 is considered a juvenile. There are six categories of children in the juvenile justice system. The delinquent children are those who violate the criminal law. The undisciplined children are beyond parental control. The dependent children have no parents or guardians. The neglected children are those who do not receive proper care from parents or guardians. The abused children are those who suffer abuse at the hands of their parents or guardians (Schmalleger, P.547). The status offender is a special category that embraces children who violate laws written only for them and they need supervision. This includes truancy, vagrancy, running away from home and incorrigibility. (Schmalleger, P.547) Eight states have set a minimum age at which they are considered delinquent. Eight of them have the age as 10, Arizona s age is 8, three states is 7, and North Carolina has set the age as 6 to be delinquent(Fonseca, Associated Press, December 13, 2008, Used permission copyright laws) The officers today read their Miranda rights to juveniles before they ask any questions According to our book, Criminal...
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...Special Populations Ann M. Morris ~ Arft University of Phoenix BSHS 402 April 30th, 2012 Jason Pepodila Special Populations Groups of people considered to have or be at a disadvantage are thought to be part of a special population. Different states and jurisdictions within will have varying definitions, and the populations who are served by the definition vary. The term can refer to disabled individuals, which under federal law means “an individual with any disability as defined in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990” (U.S. Legal Definitions, para. 1, 2001-2012). Those considered to be in special populations are sometimes visible and other times they fit in with the rest of the world’s population, but still require special needs. “Ethnic minorities, veterans, disabled people, prison inmates, refugees and immigrants, children, and the elderly all face complex challenges as they strive to attain the advantages that other groups enjoy” (NORC at the University of Chicago, para.1. n.d.). Because of the recent wars being fought overseas, returning veterans may return the states with special needs requiring specialized help. At the same time as the wars are being fought, the economy has become less stable therefore hurting what could be considered traditional sources of help putting some of the special populations at risk for more hardships (NORC at the University of Chicago, para. 3, n.d.). The basics of this paper will include populations reviewed and...
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...Juvenile sentencing guidelines are designed to establish a process through which juvenile offenders have the opportunity to access a variety of resources to allow for rehabilitation and being let back into the community as a law abiding citizens.Up until the mid-point of the 20th century, the sentences imposed on juveniles in the court system were similar to those just like adults convicted of crimes. Sentences given to juveniles emphasized punishment over rehabilitation during this time period. Ultimately, juvenile sentencing changed from punishment to rehabilitation, something that continues to this day. This is an introduction to Juvenile Justice in America. Since the 1990s, youth crime rates have gone up . These falling crime rates have led many jurisdictions to rethink the juvenile justice practices that happen in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, states are using major reforms designed to reduce institutional confinement, closed old 19th century era reform schools, and expand community-based interventions.In the late 18th and early 19th century, courts punished and confined youth in jails and penitentiaries. Since few other options existed, youth of all ages and genders where often confined with hardened adult criminals and the mentally ill in large overcrowded institutions. At the same time, American cities were dealing with high rates of child poverty and neglect putting pressure on city leaders to find a solution to this growing social issue. In response, reformers Thomas...
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...location they all face the same battle. This battle is ever going and leaves law enforcement asking how do I stop this crime from happening again? Like most problem they begin as acute, but eventually turn into something much bigger and become ongoing. The juvenile court system has been developed to handle crimes within juveniles and develop a system to help combat crimes from its lowest and earliest stage. Juvenile crime rate is on the rise and more and more violent crimes are happening daily within juvenile’s Society today is shaping children and young adults into accepting violence as the “norm” and is allowing children to think it is acceptable to commit these crimes daily. Recently the “knock out” game swept across the country. These was a “game” played by young adults and juveniles where they targeted defenseless individuals walking the streets and would sneak up on them and strike them in the face. The goal of this so-called “game” was to knock the person unconscious with one strike to the head or face area. This alone tells me that there is a problem with violence among young adults today. Crimes like this happen daily and the popularity of violent crimes and drugs has grown among teens. The problem with a lot of juveniles that commit these crimes is simply lack of guidance. Unfortunately there are many broken homes and children being raised by single parents. When the parents go to work these individuals are left alone this sometimes leads to them making the wrong decisions...
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