...How Sir Francis Bacon’s essays philosophical? Francis Bacon, (1561-1626) the most influential and resourceful English writer, is a practically wise man. His essays are store-house of wordy wisdom and practicality. We find a touch of reality and practicality in his views towards truth studies, love, friendship etc. Now we are going to discuss his views. Bacon is very much frank in expressing his view towards truth in the essay “Of Truth”. Truth, according to Bacon, lacks the charm of variety which, falsehood has. Truth gives more pleasure only when a lie is added to it. He believes that, falsehood is a source of temporary enjoyment as it gives the people a strange kind of pleasure. So the essayist says: “…a mixture of a lie doth ever add pleasure” To Bacon, a liar is brave towards god but cowards towards men. A liar does not have courage to tell the truth to the people but he shows courage to tell a lie disobeying god. As the essayist comments: “For a lie faces God, and shrinks from man.” This is indeed a paradox. It means that a man does not fear god when he tells a lie. Bacon’s attitude towards study is completely practical. He emphasizes the function of studies. To him, reading improves the natural abilities of man. Through reading a person becomes a full man and by discussion he becomes a ready man. Then he needs writing to which makes a learner’s idea clear and accurate. As Bacon says: “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man...
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...Francis Bacon: A Moralist Bacon is not a true moralist. His morality is a saleable morality. He is a moralist-cum-worldly wise man. Bacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in “Of Envy”, he puts: “A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.” Then, in his essay “Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature” he says: “But in charity there is no excess; neither can angel or man come in danger by it.” Again, he appears to be a lover of justice in his essay “Of Judicature”: “The principal duty of a judge is to suppress force and fraud.” In spite of all given examples, one cannot deny the fact that Bacon was a “Man of Renaissance”. He had a deep insight in human nature. He knew that man is naturally more prone to evil than good. He was a clear-eyed realist who saw the weakness in human nature and drawbacks of human conduct and also knew that man is not capable of acting according to noble set of ‘ideals’. Though Bacon’s morality was greater than that of average man’s, yet it was not of the highest order. The matter of good and right was important for him but not if it proved too costly in worldly terms. On one hand, he preached high moral principles and on the other hand, he also expressed a mean capacity by compromising upon those morals for the sake...
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...Journal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav. 30, 525–542 (2009) Published online 5 October 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.563 Getting even with one’s supervisor and one’s organization: relationships among types of injustice, desires for revenge, and counterproductive work behaviors DAVID A. JONES* University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A. Summary I tested hypotheses derived from the agent–system model of justice specifying that, among the different types of justice, interpersonal and informational justice explain the most unique variance in counterproductive work behavior (CWB) directed toward one’s supervisor, and procedural justice explains the most unique variance in CWB directed toward one’s organization. I also tested whether individuals’ desires for revenge against one’s supervisor and one’s organization mediate certain justice–CWB relationships. Results (N ¼ 424) provided considerable support for the study hypotheses, showing that employees tend to direct their CWB toward the source of perceived mistreatment, and that desires for revenge explain part, but not all, of the relationships between some types of injustice and CWB. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Introduction It has been estimated that up to 75 per cent of employees engage in behaviors such as theft, sabotage, unexcused absenteeism, and vandalism (Harper, 1990; McGurn...
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...written by Guy de Maupassant. “Vendetta”, which means “revenge” in the English language, is the core of this short story, and the concept from which the main character depends upon in order to survive. The story revolved around the revenge of the Widow Saverini because of the death of her son Antoine Saverini. Antoine was killed by a man named, Nicolas Ravolati, who was the object of revenge of Antoine’s mother. The death of her son, and her plot for revenge made her restless and sleepless at nights, thus, motivating her to avenge the death of Antoine. The development of the story involves the important role played by Semillante, the dog of Antoine, which the Widow used in order to get on with her revenge. The plan of the widow is to starve the dog for two days, and using a scarecrow made of straw, she trained the dog to attack it by using a smoking sausage she tied to the neck of the straw man. She trained the dog for several months, and when she believed that both of them were ready to execute her plans, she went to the town with the dog to look for Nicolas Ravolati. Her plan was a success, as she already avenged the death of Antoine, thus, giving her peace after returning home. This short story was a simple story, with a simple plot and theme, which depicts what really happens in real life. Three important points can be recognized in this particular story, namely, the emphasis on revenge, the observable individualistic character of the Widow...
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...Life, Philosophy and Hamlet Hamlet is considered to be one of the most complex characters ever created. Basically, Hamlet is a play about growing up. At the start of the play Hamlet still believes life should be beautiful and perfect and people should be good and honest. He is shocked and angry when he discovers that many people are not good nor honest. He thinks life should have deep meaning but he can find no meaning at all. Trough the play he struggles to accept that life is painful and difficult. All the beautiful things he believed are gradually destroyed and he becomes depressed and suicidal. Hamlet has had many opinions throughout the play about how things in life work out. Hamlet believes that humans are amazing creatures because they are capable of doing so many things. He also believes the world is a beautiful place. To Hamlet though the world seems nothing more than air, “it appears no other thing to me than a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.” (Ham.II.ii.301-303) and humans are nothing more than dust “And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust?” (Ham.II.ii.308) In another speech, Hamlet points out the uselessness of the law and no matter how much you gain in life, it’s not going to mean anything when you die. This is shown when Hamlet said, “The very conveyances of his lands will hardly lie in this box” (Ham.V.i.107-108) Hamlet is revealing that you can obtain many material items in life, but ultimately when you die you won’t be able to bring...
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...First published in 1968, True Grit, authored by Charles Portis, soon became a classic novel for many generations to appreciate. Set during the Wild West, readers can experience the journey of main protagonist Mattie Ross, a teenage girl who is seeking to avenge her father’s death. Mattie is independent, courageous, and has lots of determination. She is willing to sacrifice anything, even one of her limbs, in order to achieve her goal of revenge on Tom Chaney, the murderer of her father. Although True Grit does not give input on Mattie’s musical tastes, based on her personality and experiences in life, one could conclude that a hypothetical present-day Mattie, who would still be teenager, might have enjoyed songs such as “Fight Song,” “Move...
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...Hamlet Essay A great amount of events occurred in Act IV of Shakespeare’s famous play Hamlet, which helped to further the plot of the story and enhance the theme of revenge and justice. Some events that took place are; the Queen betrayed her son and told Claudius of the murder of Polonius, Ophelia became insane and eventually drowned herself in the river, and King Claudius plotted to ship Hamlet off to England to be killed. Shakespeare wrote his plays during the Elizabethan era, and life was much different for people of that era, then it is for people of present day. How words and dialogue were written in the play, is hard for us to understand with are modern day language and slang; the same can be said for the ideas and influences certain parts of the play have on us. Someone who was alive during the Elizabethan era and attended one of Shakespeare’s plays would view the live production very differently than a modern day audience would. There are a few points that come to mind when comparing the differences between the Elizabethan era and modern day; such as the great chain of being, extreme importance on religion, and the pride in defending your honor. These examples of the differences between the two eras are very noticeable in Act IV Scene IV lines 53-66, when Hamlet exclaims: Rightly to be great Is not to stir without great argument But greatly to find quarrel in a straw When honor’s at the stake. How stand I then, That have a father killed, a mother stained, ...
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...List of Greek gods and goddesses This is a list of the gods and goddesses of Greek mythology. Roman Mythology uses different names, calling Zeus by the name of Jupiter, and Aphrodite by the name of Venus, for example. The Roman names are often better known to English-speaking people than the Greek names. Greek name | Description | Chaos | Primeval Goddess of air, Chaos is believed to be one of the first beings to exist in the universe. Chaos is not really depicted as having a personality or physical form.[1] Chaos is the lower atmosphere which surrounded the earth. Her name Khaos means the gap, or the space between heaven and Earth.[2] Mother or Grandmother of Nyx (night), Erebus (Darkness), Aither (Light), and Hemera (day). | Erebus | God of darkness. Son of Chaos. Husband of Nyx. | Gaia | Goddess of the Earth (Mother Earth), mother of Kronos, grandmother of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Dementer and Hestia | Nyx | Goddess of night Daughter of Chaos. Wife of Erebus and mother of Hemera (day). Goddess of Hellhounds. | Tartarus | The darkest pit in the world at the edge of the world. | Ouranos | (Father Sky) and father of the Titans. Roman name Uranus. | Thesis | Primordial God/Goddess of Creation. Thesis is sometimes thought to be a child of Chaos. Thesis is thought to have emerged with Hydros before Gaia. | Phanes | Primeval God of procreation and is referred as the primal generator of life. Phanes is Nyx's father and was the ruler of the universe before her. | The Anemois...
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...The play, Hamlet by William Shakespeare explores the concept of revenge. To most people, revenge means getting back at somebody. In order to get to the point of wanting revenge, something has to happen to you and has to get to you. Revenge is a common human emotion that is usually negative and destructive. This destructive aspect of revenge is evident in the play, Hamlet. The main character of the play, Prince Hamlet, is the principal character who struggles with seeking revenge. For Hamlet, revenge becomes a chain reaction in the play causing him to commit acts of violence against others both intentional and accidental. Other characters in the play like Laertes, Hamlet’s dead father’s ghost, Fortinbras, and King Claudius also look for revenge. Overall, the play Hamlet portrays revenge as a destructive and powerful emotion that negatively influences the characters. The first incident where revenge is brought up in the play is at the beginning when Hamlet confronts the ghost of his father. Horatio, Hamlet’s friend, is the one who tells Hamlet that there is a ghost that Hamlet needs to see. Intrigued by this thought, Hamlet goes with Horatio to see this ghost. As it turns out, the apparition is the ghost of Hamlet’s dead father. The revenge is mentioned when the ghost commands Hamlet to “revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.” (1.5.31) The ghost does not hesitate to mention revenge; it is a natural act that Hamlet should commit to honor his father. Hamlet is...
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...Summoner’s Tale Summoner’s Reaction Previously you have witnessed a presentation on the Friar’s Tale and solely based on that presentation we can already predict how the Summoner’s reaction and his tale will lay out. Basically the Summoner’s tale is going to try to “one-up” the Friar’s tale and try to degrade the Friar as much as possible. With this the audience can obtain an idea of how the Friar will be described in terms of his characteristics, his personalities, and his physical figure. This foreshadows the main aspect of the Summoner’s tale and reveals the type of relationship that exists between the characters within the tale and the actual pilgrims themselves. Setting The setting of the tale is in Yorkshire, Northern England more specifically in a marshy region known as Holderness. The tale takes place mainly in the streets of Holderness, Thomas’ house, and the manor-house. The company is approaching to Sittingbourne, England, which marks the end of the Summoner’s tale. Here is a brief plot synopsis of the Summoner’s Prologue and the Summoner’s Tale narrated by Nihal Motive: Humiliation/Karma Much like Simkin from the Reeve’s tale, by the end of the tale, Friar John is utterly humiliated by both Thomas and the lord of the manor along with his squire. Basically, the Summoner describes Friar John with one word: “limiter” meaning a begging friar. He states that the friar “goes about Holderness in Yorkshire, preaching [and begging]” from his “regular sermon exhorting...
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...started controversy. But it also started an era of righteousness, as justice can be properly served to all members of the party (the victim and the perpetrator). Taking the plea of insanity in court should be understood and justified by the diagnosis of mental illness/insanity, mental illnesses in general, and the ability of understanding right from wrong. Insanity was never recognized as a defense a person could use in court before 1843. It was rather just passed off as being possessed by demons, especially in a strictly religious area. Decluca et al. explains it in a way to show what the outcome of being insane during a crime Hickman 2 committed throughout time, “Historically, insanity was not considered a defense, but was a way to be acquitted from a crime as a result of a mental illness.” So essentially, if a person was insane, there was no way the person could be charged with a crime because the court believes the person was not the person they actually are during the time of the crime. As author R.J. Berber put the circumstances back before 1843, “It was more a factor in determining punishment than in deciding guilt.” Before tests came about to determine actual insanity, people thought of it as a way to get away with crimes without having to serve time. Some cases showed that women were thought to be insane if they had lost their virtue, or virginity, and murdered the man who took it as an act of revenge. So, in retrospect, it seemed like a defense that could easily be manipulated...
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...Theme, Dominant Element, Character, and Conflict in Barn Burning The story “Barn Burning” immediately begins in a small store in the year 1895. A young boy named Sarty is called to court to testify against his father. Sarty’s father, Abner Snopes has been accused of burning down a man’s barn. Sarty knows for a fact that his father is guilty of this crime. He is also aware that he will have to lie for his father. The judge comes to the conclusion that they are putting the young boy in a bad position and drops the charges but tells Abner to never come back to the county. The next day, Sarty and his family head out to their new home on a farm working as tenant farmers. Abner takes Sarty along to greet and talk to the owner of the farm. Prior to the meeting, Abner tracks horse manure into the owner’s house ruining an expensive rug. The next day the owner tells Abner that he will pay for the rug he ruined by increasing his work quota. In an attempt to reduce this work quota increase, Abner goes to court but is not happy with the verdict. His work quota was reduced, but it was not to his satisfaction. He feels that he has been wronged and decides to set the owner’s barn on fire. Sarty knows this and warns the owner who then rides off towards the barn. Sarty hears three gunshots and concludes that his father is dead. Life gives you many choices both good and bad. They can lead you down the right or wrong path and they can affect more than just you. The dominant element...
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...Hypothesis Testing Paper Michelle Ware Psy 315 July 6, 2015 Nancy Walker Hypothesis Testing Paper Criminal acts stemming from prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity-frequently referred to as “hate violence”- have increased during recent years. (Barnes & Ephross, 1994) My hypothesis is the nature of hate attacks and victim’s responses. We can date back in American history the major importance of crime as a social problem. Society in America has been increasingly concerned about this problem and the victims experience with hate. This type of crime has generated the development of a numerous variety of victim service programs and research that will focus on victims instead of giving the criminals their five seconds of fame. “Hate violence crimes are those directed against persons, families, groups, or organizations because of their racial, ethnic, religious, or sexual identities or their sexual orientation or condition of disabilities. These crimes include arson of homes, businesses, and harassment, destruction of religious property, cross burnings, personal assaults, and homicides.” (Barnes & Ephross, 1994) It could be a difficult task to estimate the current prevalence of hate violence in the United States. With the help of media sources, there is a way to keep track and be more aware of these types of crimes. Focus group meetings, individual interviews, and questionnaires would be a way of sampling victims. Victims should...
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...The Death Penalty PHI103: Informal Logic Professor Donald Ceplenski March 26, 2012 The Death Penalty Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the lawful infliction of death as a form of punishment. It is considered to be one of the most controversial and a debated topic across the United States which leads to the logical question; is the death penalty just and applied fairly? Although in theory sentencing a criminal to death may bring closure to the victim’s families, the practice of sentencing someone to death is an unjust form of punishment with factors such as costs, deterrence, and rehabilitation failure show that putting a criminal to death is counterproductive and inhumane. Death Penalty laws have been around since Eighteenth Century B.C., but the execution in American dates back to the colonial days in 1608, when Virginia carried out the colonies first execution to Captain George Kendall (Randa, 1996). According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC), in the last four hundred years, 36 states have instituted the death penalty, making execution the ultimate form of punishment (2012). In theory the death penalty appears to be a reasonable method of punishment but in reality it has major flaws that damage the integrity of the state. Not only does it have serious flaws it is absolutely inhumane in every way. The death penalty goes against our rights as human beings. We are supporting the message that killing is okay if the reason...
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...Concealed Kindness – an Empathetic Approach A cursory analysis of divinity in Theogony and Genesis may lead one to assume that the gods were petty and vindictive towards humans. While their divine powers are daunting, the intent to which these powers are exercised are civil and just. Consideration for the motives, actions, and divine characteristics of Zeus, Prometheus, and the God of Genesis will accentuate their specific kindness, their refrainment from punishment whenever possible, and their strong sense of justice – all of which are indicative of a kind and caring attitude toward humanity. First and foremost, the specific kindness these gods express must be understood One key example of this is Prometheus and his trick on Zeus at Mecone....
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