...REVIEW OF LITERATURE OF FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Previous Research on fast food Industry has shown us a light in this project: The Research done by UCLA Anderson assistant professor Raphael Thomadsen. He presented the result in the paper entitled, ³Seeking an Aggressive Competitor: How Product Line Expansion Can Increase All Firms¶ Profits.´ According to him, if a McDonald¶s and a Burger King compete in the center of a small town, and a Burger King opens in the suburbs, it can boost profits for the McDonald¶s store. In previous research, Thomadsen demonstrated that prices at fast food outlets located near other outlets belonging to the same chain often charge high prices to avoid cannibalizing sales between the two outlets. These price differences can be large, with prices at many restaurants 20 percent or more higher than they would be if the restaurant owners did not worry about cannibalization. Now he finds that a firm may also charge higher prices when faced with a new competitor or product. He said that product-line expansion would affect profits .He said that when a firm adds products to its line, the profits of the incumbent firms in the market must go down. He used a standard economic model in this study. ³Consumers have different utility preferences,´ He explains that some people like one type of food while other people like a different type. There are also variations in location. So model consumers based on preferences, location and other factors likely to affect their behavior...
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...2. LITERATURE REVIEW. In the context of India’s tea export, there exists vast literatures .But for this study we have included some of the important empirical works which are matched with our objectives. Chand and Tiwari,(1991),analyzead growth and instability of India’s export and import of agricultural commodities. Jaganathan , (1992) , in his paper examined the instabilities of export earnings of selected groups and selected commodities and all the commodities from the period 1974-75 to 1989-1990. Pal , (1992) , analyzed the magnitude , causes and effects of instability of agricultural export earnings of India for the period 1979 to 1989.Subramaniam , (1995) , analyzed the impact of fluctuations in tea production and exports on international tea trade .He articulated that India plays a significant role in world tea trade , being the world’s largest producer , consumer , and exporter . Therefore , fluctuations in India’s tea production , consumption and exports are enough to disturb international tea trade . Aiello , (1999) , analyzed that the effects of export earnings instability on economic growth of developing countries has long interested economists for several reasons . Reddy , (2001) , examined global demand for and supply of tea by estimating semi – log trends separately using data of the recent past , 1974 to 1988 , on the area under cultivation of tea , production , export and retention of tea for domestic consumption . Debraj , (2003) , in a column...
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...Review of Related Literature Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System or HACCP is a system of food safety control based on a systematic approach to the identification and assessment of hazard associated with food operations and the definition of means for their control. As defined, because of its systematic approach it becomes increasingly essential as an effective means of ensuring food safety. In a study conducted by Bryan (1998), this systematic approach is regarded as proactive and trial and it aims to prevent problems. Further, the study showed that these can be achieved by responsive to address safety and quality control by integrating hygienic practice and start embracing HACCP principles as a primary means to achieve food safety and invest in plant sanitation and maintenance. In business according to Sheward (2006), the provision of safe food to airline passengers is a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide as recognized by the business sector worldwide in Food Safety in the business aviation environment. Moreover, in a separate study by the World Health Organization WHO (2007), HACCP has grown tremendously to become the accepted method for the safety assurance stemmed from the growing concern about food safety from consumers, health authorities, and food industry worldwide as regards to its application. Further, its importance in the prevention of food-borne diseases for over 20 years played and essential role in its developmental expansion by which the food...
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...of the Study 5 1.3 Research Questions 5 2. Literature review 6 2.1 Defining private standards 6 2.2 Azerbaijan foreign trade overview 8 3. Standards, Exports and Developing Countries 9 3.1 Historical Emergence and Development of Private Standards 9 3.2 GlobalGAP 10 3.2 Assessing impact of private food standards 11 3.2.1. Impact indicators used in the literature - What to measure? 11 3.2. Impact assessment methodologies: How to measure? 13 4. Empirical Framework 14 4.1 Private Standards as Facilitators to Trade 14 4.2 Private Standards as Barriers to Trade 16 5. Analysis of the Impact of Private Food Standards on Azerbaijan's Export Trade Based On Literature Review Methodology 18 5.1 The General Form of the Literature Review Methodology…………… 18 5.2 Model Construction; Analysis of literature papers reviewed 21 5.5 Results and Analysis 24 6.6 Country differences: An Empirical Analysis 30 7. A Strategic Analysis on How to Protect Azerbaijan National Foreign Trade from Adverse Effects of Private Standards. 31 References 33 1 Introduction 1.1 Background In the last two decades, the increased globalization has seen trade standards take center stage in agri-trade regulations. Private standards have emerged as one of the most important mode of market governance in many countries. As many issues emerge pertaining to implications of food practices on health, the focus is on ensuring that the foods that enter or leave a given country meet the minimum...
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...June 2015 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF FRUITS & VEGETABLES SECTOR IN INDIA: A REVIEW Saurav Negi1 and Neeraj Anand2 1 Doctoral Research Fellow, Centre for Continuing Education, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India 2 Professor and Head (LSCM & Operations), College of Management and Economic Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India ABSTRACT Purpose- The entire supply chain of Fruits and Vegetables in India is laden with various issues and challenges. To list the possible challenges and suggest a way forward, there is a need to study the supply chain of Fruits and Vegetables sector in India. So the purpose of this paper is to discuss the supply chain of fruits and vegetables sector in India and explain the issues which are affecting it. Authors also suggested the corresponding mitigation strategies to overcome the identified issues and challenges. Design/methodology/approach-Descriptive research has been used for this study. The supply chain of Fruits and Vegetables sector has been explained and attempt has been made towards identifying the issues affecting the supply chain of the sector. The present study undertakes a thorough review of basic and contemporary literature available and tries to explain the factors affecting the supply chain of Fruits and Vegetables sector in India. The literature has been divided into various themes according to the issues in the supply chain and an investigation...
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...question that a college student is frequently asking themselves. With so many career possibilities waiting, it’s a dilemma for most students what to career to pursue. The Hospitality industry is a growing industry here in the Philippines, according to a report in 2008 by JD Cruz , Despite the increase in available rooms this year, hotel occupancy in Metro Manila for April this year was at 74.7%, a little higher than the record for same period last year. The March record (74.7%) also surpassed the 2007 performance (71.5%) all due to the higher number of tourists coming in. The economy hotels had an average occupancy rate of 70.8 percent, compared to 66.5 percent last year. The standard hotels reported 76.2 percent against 72 percent last year. In terms of deluxe room occupancy and length of stay, the figure for April 2008 also showed an improvement (74.6% from 66.3%). However, the eight first class hotels registered a slowdown with a performance rate of 72.9 percent, compared to last year's 76.1 percent. January and February 2008 registered an average of 73.4% and 79% respectively ( http://www.wazzupmanila.com/tourist-arrivals-and-hotel-occupancy-rates-continue-to-increase/327/). The report showed a 3.2% increase in hotel occupancy performance from the year 2007-2008. In a span of one year the industry increased Statement of the Problem The main problem of this study is: “What are the career preferences of BSHRM Students of St. Paul University Iloilo.” Specifically,...
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...International Food and Agribusiness Management Review Volume 14, Issue 2, 2011 Agricultural Value Chains in Developing Countries A Framework for Analysis Jacques H. Trienekens Associate Professor, Wageningen University-Management Studies and Maastricht School of Management Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract The paper presents a framework for developing country value chain analysis made up of three components. The first consists of identifying major constraints for value chain upgrading: market access restrictions, weak infrastructures, lacking resources and institutional voids. In the second component three elements of a value chain are defined: value addition, horizontal and vertical chain-network structure and value chain governance mechanisms. Finally, upgrading options are defined in the area of value addition, including the search for markets, the value chain- network structure and the governance form of the chain. Part of this component is the identification of the most suitable partnerships for upgrading the value chain. The three components of the framework are derived from major theoretical streams on inter-company relationships and from the literature on developing country value chains. The framework is applied in a case example of a developing country value chain. Keywords: Developing country value chains, research framework, upgrading Corresponding author: Tel: + 31 317 484160 Email: Jacques.Trienekens@wur.nl 51 2011 International Food and Agribusiness...
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...Vendors and Customers: A Comprehensive Study on the Fast Food Outlets of Basundhara City Food Court and their Customers Abstract In most of the business, there is always a possibility of the existence of knowledge gap between the business owners and their customers. Like any other business, the growing fast food industry in Bangladesh might be facing this problem. If the fast food vendors do not have proper idea about the expectations of the customers, they are less likely to satisfy them by providing what they need. Therefore, this research aims to identify if there any knowledge gap exists between the Basundahra City food court vendors’ perception the about customer deciding and satisfying factors and the actual factors considered by the customers and their actual effects in the industry. Necessary data will be collected using questionnaires and secondary data will be used as well for analyses which will include hypothesis testing and correlation. Introduction & Background The fast food industry started in early 90’s in Bangladesh. Worldwide, the customer base of fast food stores is the usually almost its total population but in Bangladesh, the younger generation and the growing middle class have been the main customers of this new tremd. After starting the first fast food shops at Bailey Road, the industry has spreaded exponentially over the city opening thousands of stores. The fast food industry has around Tk. 8.0 million of sales only in the capital...
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...31 31 REVIEW OF LITERATURE This chapter attempts to review different literatures on customer satisfaction with reference to hotel industry and presents various studies made regarding the issues related with hotel industry and customer satisfaction. Customer – De finitions Paul S. Goldner (2006) 1 Grigoroudis, E and Siskos, Y (2009) defines, “...a customer is any organization or individual with which you have done business over the past twelve months”. 2 “Customer means the party to which the goods are to be supplied or service rendered by the supplier”. provide definition for ‘customer’ upon two approaches: With refe rence to loyalty, “A customer is the person that assesses the quality of the offered products and services” and on process oriented approach, “the customer is the person or group that receives the work output” (p.9). 3 Customer Satisfaction – Definitions Satisfaction has been broadly defined by Vavra, T.G. (1997) as a satisfactory post - purchase experience with a product or service given an existing purchase expectation. 4 Howard and Sheth (1969) 5 According to Westbrook and Reilly (1983) define satisfaction as, “The buyer’s cognitive state of being adequately or inadequately rewarded for the sacrifices he has undergone” (p.145). 6 , customer satisfaction is “an emotional response to the experiences provided by, associated with particular 32 products or services purchased, retail outlets, or even molar patterns...
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...Mc-Donald Vs Domino’s - Comparative Analysis Determinant Of Choosing Fast Food Restaurant And Their Service Quality BY:- ANUJ CHAUHAN (FINANCE + MARKETING) ITM UNIVERSITY, SITHOLI, GWALIOR ABSTRACT SERVICE QUALITY Parasuraman et al. (1988) introduced a 22-item scale, called SERVQUAL, for measuring service quality, the model has been widely adopted across industries. The scale was tested in 4 service settings different from those of the original test: a dental school patient clinic, a business school placement center, a tire store, and an acute care hospital. In service industries, customer satisfaction is always influenced by the quality of interactions between customers and the personnel involved in the contact services (1994). In the last decade, the movement towards quality had started to spread from the manufacturing sector to the service sector. The shift of focus to quality is basic for the service business to survive the competition, get acceptance from society, and be able to achieve its missions. In principle, the two main things closely related to services are expected quality and experienced or perceived quality. The first is the customers' expectations of service quality and the latter is the customers' perceptions of service quality. The customers will always assess the services they experienced by comparing them with whatever they expected or wished to receive. Services are behavioral rather than physical entities and have been described...
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...Abstract The fast food industry is on in an upward trend. The demand itself is growing each year as it offers an easy, delicious and time saving way to grab a bite. With the hectic lifestyle nowadays, it is no surprise that more people tend to eating-out in fast food restaurants. Thus, fast food restaurants are competing among each other, advertising their brands in order to attract customers. As the customers now have a huge range of fast food patterns and restaurants to choose, local fast food restaurants have to be sensitive in current demand and be innovative to ensure they meet their customer satisfaction. This research will focus only on service quality as a factor influencing customer’s satisfactions. The aim is to do an investigation about the service quality and customer satisfaction at A&W restaurant, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam. Using 5 SERVQUAL instruments, questionnaires will be designed and distributed to respondents. The findings will create awareness of service quality and customer satisfaction, thus help to develop future marketing strategy. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Fast Food Industry The fast food industry is also known as Quick Service Restaurants (QSR). As its name suggests, fast food is any food that can be prepared and served within a short span of time. That being said, the concept encompasses all those restaurants and stores which sell or serve preheated or precooked food items to its customers (www.buzzle.com/articles/fast-food-industry.html) According to...
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...Airline Industry Introduction In this research paper, methodological approaches of 3 different peer reviewed tourism journal articles from the journal “Tourism Management” have been compared. The first article is on the topic of changing gender representation in airline/aviation industry. This research study has identified the trends related to gender representation in airline industry have been discussed. In this article, the influence of different media such as contemporary electronic, celluloid and print has been discussed and the role of media in affecting life as well as career choices especially from the perspective of gender is conferred. According to the article, e-media imagery holds more power than ever before to influence life, especially career choices of a person. New generation especially now take their input from the imagery shown on the media in making their career decision and media has played an important role in helping women to gain more representation in careers that were previously dominant by the their male counterparts. According to the article, e-media imagery holds more power than ever before to influence life, especially career choices of a person. New generation especially now take their input from the imagery shown on the media in making their career decision and media has played an important role in helping women to gain more representation in careers that were previously dominant by the their male counterparts. Airline industry has always...
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...Exploring open kitchens’ impact on restaurateurs’ cleanliness perceptions SUMMARY Food safety is an important health issue. Consuming contaminated food or beverages can result in illness or death. Approximately 5,000 deaths occur from food-borne illnesses every year. There are many preventative measures that can be taken at home and in restaurants to avoid potentially hazardous foods. It is a discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. The tracks within this line of thought are safety between industry and the market and then between the market and the consumer. In considering industry to market practices, food safety considerations include the origins of food including the practices relating to food labelling, food hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, as well as guidelines for the management of governmental import and export inspection and certification systems for foods. In considering market to consumer practices, the usual thought is that food ought to be safe in the market and the concern is safe delivery and preparation of the food for the consumer. This study seeks to add knowledge in this area, studying restaurant operators’ perceptions of open and closed kitchens. Using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, 20 restaurant managers and...
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... Sri.M.Chaithanya Asst.professor, Marketing A Project Report Submitted to the SIVA SIVANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT Partial fulfillment of the requirements of PGDM SIVA SIVANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SECUNDERABAD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is of great pleasure to take the opportunity to acknowledge and express my gratitude to all who helped me through in my project. I thank Sri.M.Chaithanya Asst.Professor, Marketing Siva Sivani Institute of Management for guiding to do the project work. I am always grateful to him for his direction and inspiration. I am grateful to Mr.Rujbeh Taraporawalla Regional Hr Manager in OVER THE EDGE FOOD SOLUTIONS PVT LTD, who was my guide, for his invaluable guidance and cooperation during the course of the project. He provided me with his assistance and support whenever needed that has been instrumental in completion of this project. The learning during the project was immense & invaluable. My work basically included the study of various ways for developing customer service of the company. The present report is an amalgamation of my thoughts and my efforts to study the various ways of developing the customer service of the company. Further a detailed study has been done in order to suggest the company the feasible strategies that would enhance its market share ...
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... which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her weight"(Medline Plus, 2013). Being obese increases one's risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, and even some cancers. This also increases the cost in our economy. "The economic costs from the excess morbidity and mortality attributable to obesity-related diseases go beyond health-care costs alone, perhaps most notable are the consequent losses in productivity" (Wang, McPherson, Marsh, Gortmaker, & Brown, 2011). We need to be focusing on more physical activity and better eating habits. This essay will include a literature review of three scholarly sources based on obesity, explain how academic knowledge impacts social elements of local and global communities, asses how principles of active citizenship could impact the issue of obesity within the next five years, as well as share two bogs on obesity. The first literature of review on obesity is focused on guidelines and treatment for the disease. There have been numerous treatment programs but none have provided a "cure." "Accordding to Brownwell (1982), if "cure" from obesity is defined as reduction to ideal weight and maintance of that weight for 5 years, a person is more likely to recover from most forms of concer than from obesity" (Krieshok & Karpowitz, (1988). Although there isn't a cure, there are things that can be done...
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