...http://samedayessay.com 1 The Impact of Rewards on Employee Performance: Case Study of Organisations from Two Sectors in Nigeria http://samedayessay.com 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Overview of the Study W hat with the constant changes occurring in the world today, especially with regards to technology and innovation, there is a need for companies to reassess the manner in which they communicate to both their employees and their customers. At the same time, there is also a need for these companies to organise the tasks at hand, design systems and processes, and re-evaluate and improve current management styles (Harmon, 2007). This is especially needed in areas where the competition is constantly increasing and consistently challenging. Two of these industries are the banking industry and the hospitality industry (which the researcher shall discuss in detail in the following sections of this paper). In this chapter, the researcher shall provide a brief overview of the remaining sections of this paper, the aims and objectives of this research study, and its rationale. In addition, the researcher shall also provide a conclusion summarizing what this chapter shall be about, which shall also be a recurring feature of succeeding chapters. According to Dewhurst et al. (2010), there are other means to reward employees that do not just focus on financial compensation. Some of these include the praise that employees are able to acquire from their managers...
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...(2010) Rewarding Relationships: A Study of the Interaction of Employment Relationships and Employee Rewards Systems in Two Unionised Private Sector Organisations. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University. This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: ht tp://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/4415/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral r ights for i tems on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full i tems can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, ti t le and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full i tems must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html REWARDING RELATIONSHIPS: A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS AND EMPLOYEE REWARDS SYSTEMS IN TWO UNIONISED PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANISATIONS NICK CREABY-ATTWOOD PhD 2010 REWARDING RELATIONSHIPS: A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS AND EMPLOYEE REWARDS SYSTEMS IN TWO UNIONISED PRIVATE...
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...Exploring the effect of ethical leadership in the relationship of reward system and Job performance Masters of Business Administration (Human Resource Management) BY Ayesha Amjad MBA3Y02121027 Sadia Mazhar MBA3Y02121010 Supervisor Mr. Muhammad Waqas LAHORE BUSINESS SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this research paper. Special appreciation goes to our supervisor, Sir Muhammad Waqas, for his supervision and constant support. Her invaluable help of constructive comments and suggestions throughout the research paper work have contributed to the success of this research. I would like to express my gratitude to the Dean, Lahore School of Business Dr. Naheed Sultana and also to the Head of Department, Lahore School of Business, Dr. Atif Mahmood for their support and help towards our postgraduate affairs. Sincere thanks to all our friends Amaima Yawar, Anum Sarwar, and Numan Irfan. Thanks for the friendship and memories. Last but not least, our deepest gratitude goes to beloved parents of Ayesha Amjad; Muhammad Amjad Fraooq and Mrs. Shazia Amjad and also to my brother Usman Amjad and sister Fiza Amjad for their endless love, prayers and encouragement. We also pay gratitude to deceased parents of Saadia Mazhar, Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar and Arjumand Mazhar and her sisters Ayesha Omer, Farkhanda Nouman...
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...Through studying the impact of Value-Driven Attentional Capture (VDAC) on adolescents, researchers are more able to understand the correlation between learned stimulus-reward associations and the behaviours that follow. Roper, Vecera, & Vaidya’s (2014) study is highly relevant and applicable to gaining an understanding of the difference in attentional capture between adolescents and adults. The use of dynamic visual cues to present reward-stimuli and distractors to the subjects produce clear results comparing the attentional capture of both adolescents and adults. Although this study has a clear and useful methodology and produces results relevant to the hypothesis, certain improvements could be made which would enhance the study. The inclusion of a variety of arousing stimuli for the other senses rather than only testing visual cues; the use of more...
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...Detrimental Effects of Reward Reality or Myth? Robert Eisenberger Judy Cameron University of Delaware University of Alberta Based on seemingly overwhelming empirical evidence of the decremental effects of reward on intrinsic task interest and creativity, the use of reward to alter human behavior has been challenged in literature reviews, textbooks, and the popular media. An analysis of a quarter century of research on intrinsic task interest and creativity revealed, however, that (a) detrimental effects of reward occur under highly restricted, easily avoidable conditions," (b) mechanisms of instrumental and classical conditioning are basicfor understanding incremental and decremental effects of reward on task motivation; and (c) positive effects of reward on generalized creativity are easily attainable using procedures derived from behavior theory. bservers of American culture have long noted a Istrong emphasis on individualistic values, including taking responsibility for one's own actions, pursuing personal interests, and exploring one's creative potential (e.g., Badia, 1990; Huber, 1971; Tocqueville, 1840/1990). Consistent with the c o m m o n presumption that individuals function most effectively and happily when they are guiding their own behavior (see Geller, 1982; Hogan, 1975), an increasingly dominant view has developed over the past quarter century contending that the strengthening of performance by reward (reinforcement) causes the unpleasant experience of...
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...Group assignment MGT CENTRE FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDIES THE IMPACT OF REWARD SYSTEM ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION A QUANTITAVE STUDY OF GLOBAL COMPANIES Programme Code & Name: Session: Subject Code & Name: Assignment Title: Student’s Names & ID: o Nguyen Vu Minh An o Li Jia o Dai Hairong o Hue Shin Yen o Zhangshan o Daiwei Class Section: Lecturer: Submission Date: I13003385 I12002184 I12002129 I13003254 I12002130 I12002099 5A1 Ms. Yalini Easvaralingam 12th Aug, 2013 MBADI–Master of Business Administration May 2013 MGT6208 – Statistic and Decision Analysis Group Assignment 1 Group assignment MGT Table of Contents ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1: INDTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3 1.1 Problem statement ........................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Research Objectives ........................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 5 2.1 Employee motivation ...................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Reward management system ..................................................................................
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...motivation in relation reward systems and motivation in organizations, rewards and productivity, empirical literature on rewards and performance, and the techniques available to managers to ensure desired organizational behavior. The crux of the literature will be on effective reward systems which end in motivation which then leads to job satisfaction. In addition, a conceptual framework for the study of motivation and job satisfaction in organizations is also discussed. Theories of motivation There are two theories of motivation. These are content theories of motivation and process theories of motivation. Content theories of motivation explain why people have different needs at different times. They are concerned with identifying what it is within individuals and the work environments that energize and sustain behavior. For the purpose of this research the content theories that would be covered are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory. Process theories, on the other hand, try to explain and describe the how behavior is energized, directed, sustained, and finally stopped. Process theories to be discussed in relation to this research would include Vroom’s expectancy theory and Adams’ equity theory. Content theories At one time, employees were considered just another input into the production of goods and services. What perhaps changed this way of thinking about employees was research, referred to as the Hawthorne Studies, conducted by...
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...intrinsic rewards are important to you personally on a job and as students? Rewards are part of the job itself are intrinsic. They tap into higher motivators and positive emotions (“aesthetics”) which are overcoming challenges, self-driven learning, the thrill of autonomy, belonging, power, mastery, meaning, pride, curiosity, surprise, social validation, renewed interest, growth, and peer recognition of internal accomplishments. For some, intrinsic reward is an outcome that gives an individual personal satisfaction such as that derived from a job well done. There are many theories about what motivates people as there are always mixtures of reasons why people do, achieve, behave, learn and react. Intrinsic rewards come from within. As for me, the most intrinsic reward that important to me personally as a student and on job forward is the sense of meaningfulness or feedback upon others on the things that I have been done gratefully, and the sense of choice of freedom to accomplish what I want to achieve in my studies and also on my carrier onwards. As a student, there are many challenges I have to overcome in order to success. The successful does not meant by dean list award or good grades but also the experiences and knowledge I carried to the future self-value. To achieve the better success, I have to motivate myself with the individual rewards to love learning, keep coming to college, and motivate myself to achieve the high levels of performance. The intrinsic rewards also courage...
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...THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REWARDS, RECOGNITION AND MOTIVATION AT AN INSURANCE COMPANY IN THE WESTERN CAPE by ROSHAN LEVINA ROBERTS Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER COMMERCI in the DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE SUPERVISOR: KARL HESLOP NOVEMBER 2005 ABSTRACT Increasingly, organisations are realising that they have to establish an equitable balance between the employee’s contribution to the organisation and the organisation’s contribution to the employee. Establishing this balance is one of the main reasons to reward and recognise employees. Organisations that follow a strategic approach to creating this balance focus on the three main components of a reward system, which includes, compensation, benefits and recognition (Deeprose, 1994). Studies that have been conducted on the topic indicates that the most common problem in organisations today is that they miss the important component of recognition, which is the low-cost, high-return ingredient to a well-balanced reward system. A key focus of recognition is to make employees feel appreciated and valued (Sarvadi, 2005). Research has proven that employees who get recognised tend to have higher self-esteem, more confidence, more willingness to take on new challenges and more eagerness to be innovative (Mason, 2001). The aim of this study is to investigate whether rewards and recognition has an impact on employee...
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...Employee's rewards ukessays.com /dissertations/management/employees-rewards.php CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Overview In any organization, employee's rewards usually given to attract, motivate and retain the employees to stay longer and contribute a good quality services to ensure the successful of the organization; in other words, rewards play an important role in creating, building and maintaining the commitment among employees with the purpose to ensure high standard of performances and workforce stability. According to the individual - organizational exchange theme, individuals enter the organization with special qualification and skill, desire and goals, and expect in return a work setting where they can use their skill, satisfy their desire, and achieve their goals (Mottaz, 1988). At the minimum, employees expect their organization to provide fair pay, safe working condition, and fair treatment. (Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills, & Walton, 1984). It simply implies that employees offer or increase their commitment when organization meets employees' expectation regarding fulfillment of their important needs. Thus, the exchange perspective explains organizational commitment as a function of work rewards and work values (Lambert, 2000; Mottazz, 1988), and suggests the importance of work rewards for continuously encouraging employees. According to exchange theory and reciprocity norm, employees repay the rewards received from organization through increase commitment to the organization...
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...a viable study investigating the effectiveness of intangible rewards on employees’ motivation level. We propose that age moderates the effectiveness of intangible rewards on increasing employees’ motivation in the workplace. Specifically, we suggest that Generation Y’s are relatively more intrinsically motivated than older generations. Given the strong positive relationship between rewards and motivation, there are many factors that influence an employee’s level of motivation. Motivation is defined as a person who is "hard" at work, one who "keeps at" his work and one who directs his behavior towards appropriate outcomes (Johns & Von Saks, 2011). Daft and Marcic (2008) has defined motivation as the force or forces that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. Rewards motivate people both intrinsically and extrinsically. Extrinsic rewards consist of monetary gains and job promotions, whereas intrinsic rewards comprise of meaningful work and work-life balance. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer's ERG theory suggests that one will be motivated to be able to satisfy personal needs. Additionally, the Trinity Model is another method of classifying people’s needs –namely, into biological, psychological and spiritual aspects (Dahlgaard-Park, 2010). 2. Literature Gap and Importance of Study Much research conducted in various studies in the past has established the relationship between rewards and motivation. However, very few studies have been...
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...formation of relationships is the reward/ need satisfaction theory that was developed by Byrne and Clore (1970). The theory suggests that we form a relationship because the presence of a particular individual is associated with reinforcement. This is because rewarding stimuli creates positive feelings and these stimuli may be people. These people therefore make us happy, so, due to operant conditioning, we seek to adopt behaviours that lead to a desirable outcome and avoid those that lead to an undesirable outcome. Therefore, the presence of an individual produces positive reinforcement as they have a more attractive appeal. This theory also suggests that we are attracted to people if we meet them whilst we’re in a good mood, an example being at a party. As a result, previously neutral stimuli become positively valued as they are associated with the pleasant event, therefore meaning that we learn to like people through classical conditioning. Griffit and Guay (1969) conducted a study to investigate how the reward/need satisfaction theory works and how well it is acceptable. Participants were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter. Later they were asked how much they liked the experimenter, and an onlooker who was present. The rating was highest when the experimenter had given positive evaluation of the task. This is rewarding the participant. They also rated the onlooker more highly if given positive feedback about their performance. This study shows that positive reinforcement...
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...Examine that rewards only motivator for employees with an explanation of what are other most motivators for employees. Introduction In today's competitive business environment organizations are confronting numerous challenges and among those challenges obtaining right workforce and holding it, is of most extreme significance. These days, human asset is thought to be the most imperative asset of any organization. To get the efficient and effective result from human asset, representative motivation is vital. Employees will give their greatest when they have a feeling or trust that their endeavors will be rewarded by the administration. There are numerous factors that impact worker motivation like working conditions, specialist and employer relationship,...
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...employer. Organizations routinely focus on finances, production, and pleasing customers and neglect the impact their actions or lack of action has on employee satisfaction. The consequences may be seen in products or services that are not up to standards and an increase in turnover and increase in cost for employers. Hence, finding the right balance between employee satisfaction and its enhancement of employee motivation and performance is imperative as it will have positive effects on several aspects of an organization, including lowering turnover rates and increasing productivity and profit. The use of rewards has been found over the years to be one of the management tools in the organization to increase job performance. Besides, it is common to offer employees attractive, lucrative and competitive remuneration packages. For example, an attractive reward packages has been a norm of any employment contract. These have a direct link or inter-related to improving employees’ job competency, retaining high achievers and finally achieving the organizational performances and goals (Mansor, Borhannudin and Mohd Yusuf 2012). Besides,...
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...The study on employee behaviour towards sales incentive and performance help the organisation to craft sustainable sales incentive programme. Whenever management introduces the sales incentive, it will occur additional marketing budget. Therefore, the concern on the cost involved in marketing incentive should come at first before crafting sales incentive. The cost calculation includes the measuring on how sticky the cost involves to setting up the sales incentive programme. The firm can opt either to use the employee as direct sales staff or marketing representative (agent) to market the product. Given that, the firm needs to know the objective they aim to achieve. Once the firm decides, they need to understand what makes the staff motivated...
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