...RFID SECURITY February 2008 © The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The contents of this document remain the property of, and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of the Government of the HKSAR. Disclaimer: Whilst the Government endeavours to ensure the accuracy of the information in this paper, no express or implied warranty is given by the Government as to the accuracy of the information. The Government of HKSAR accepts no liability for any error or omission arising from or related to the use of the information. TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary ............................................................................................................................. 2 I. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 3 An Introduction to RFID ................................................................................................. 3 How does RFID work? ................................................................................................... 4 II. Adoption of RFID........................................................................................................... 5 Business Trends .............................................................................................................. 5 Government Use .....................................................................................
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...extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to our parents for their constant support and encouragement and last but not the least friends and well-wishers for their help and cooperation and solutions to problems during the course of the project. Prepared By: Kothiya Jaydeep A. Bhamani Karim M. Patel Animesh H. Merchant Sarthi J. Abstract Now a day there is a huge rush in the toll plazas in order to pay the toll tax. Therefore in order to reduce the traffic jam and to save time & also to reduce the money loss of 300 cores / year. We have designed project for the automation in toll tax payment using RFID. We have made the automation of toll plaza using combination of PLC and RFID. This project explains the implantation of automation in toll plaza which is a step towards improving the monitoring of vehicles, travelling in predetermine routes. In this project we focuses on an electronic toll collection (ETC) system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This proposed RFID...
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...systems that they implemented and how these implementations impact the company. Finally, it will discuss how the Big Data strategy gives them a competitive advantage. “An opportunity to launch a new marketing campaign presented itself with the release of the popular Twilight series of books and subsequent movies, which featured Volvo cars.” When the movies came out, they drove more traffic to the Volvo website than the site could handle. The website had outages and slow performance due to the increase of traffic to their website. Volvo Corporation turned to Microsoft Gold Certified Partner LBi to help them make on online game and to help them deal with the issues that they experienced during the release of the first few movies and books. (Volvo Cars Volvo Unleashes Creativity, 2011, para.3 & 5) “Building such an infrastructure was not beyond the technical expertise of either Volvo or LBi; however, to do so would be cost-prohibitive.” Volvo Corporation needed a system that was cost effective and one that was able to handle an enormous amount of traffic to their website. This is where Volvo Corporation decided to implement using a cloud based system. (Volvo Cars Volvo Unleashes Creativity, 2011,...
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction RFID technology has under gone a speedy growth since decades ago. RFID technology is well known and extensively applied in many home and industry appliances such as for logistic distribution, manufacturing process, security and monitor purposes [1]. Hague, M. (1999). In Malaysia, RFID technology is applied in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for a safer, successful, well-organized, reliable, and environmentally friendly system [2]. Masliyana, A. (2008). Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is one of the ITS application. The users do not need to line up and waiting to pay their toll fee when they used “Touch N Go” system. ETC is developed by the Malaysia Government to decrease traffic...
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...Copyright © 2005 Information Systems Audit and Control Association. All rights reserved. www.isaca.org. Radio Frequency Identification: What Does It Mean for Auditors? By Beth Serepca, CFP OIG, NRC, and Bob Moody, CISA, CIA, CFE, DOI , adio frequency identification (RFID) is a method of remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. RFID is a wireless technology that includes passive, semipassive and active tags: • Active RFID systems can store large amounts of information using a power source within the tags. • Passive RFID tags do not use a separate external power source. They obtain operating power from the tag reader. • Semipassive RFID uses an internal power source to monitor environmental conditions, but requires radio frequency energy transferred from the reader to power a tag response (similar to passive tags). The tags are small objects that can be attached to or incorporated into a product, much like the standard bar code tags on products in the supermarket. The difference is that while it takes a laser to scan a standard bar code and read its universal product code, an RFID tag stores its identifying code on a tiny microchip and transmits it wirelessly to a reader device. This allows more tags to be scanned at once from farther away, and it allows individual items—not just types of items—to be assigned unique identifying codes. An RFID system may consist of several components: tags, tag readers, tag programming stations, circulation readers...
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...CURRENT TOPICS IN COMPUTING (CSC 812) A RESEARCH ON RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) (PRESENT, FUTURE APPLICATION, SECURITY IMPLICATION AND CRITICS) SUBMITTED BY AKINSOWON, TOSIN BLESSING (060805018) IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF MASTER DEGREE TO DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, AKOKA, YABA, LAGOS. SESSION 2012/2013 SUPERVISED BY Prof H.O.D LONGE Abstract Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been available for more than fifty years. However it has only been recently that the prices of RFID devices have fallen to the point where these devices can be used as a "throwaway" inventory. This presents numerous opportunities along with innumerable risks. A lot of research is being done to suggest methods which will ensure secure communications in RFID systems. The objective of this paper is to present RFID technology, its current, future applications, study various potential threats to security, and Critics of RFID. 1 Introduction RFID 1.0 BACKGROUND STUDY Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification system. It make use of Radio Frequency (RF) to identify “tagged” items .Data collected were transmitted to a host system using a Radio Frequency Reader. RFID is one of the numerous technologies grouped under the term Automatic Identification (Auto ID), such as bar code, magnetic inks, optical character recognition (OCR), voice recognition, touch memory, smart cards, biometrics etc. Auto ID technologies...
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...Can RFID System ? (Answer with “yes” , “no” or “possible“ and explain how) * Monitor and read all the vehicles in violation of the speed at one time? * Inform the driver when their license is expired? * Inform the owner of the vehicle that the vehicle registration is expired with the identification number plate? * Link the system with the traffic lights; monitor the vehicle in excess of the red light to notify the control room as well as the owner of the vehicle? * Make a special register for the vehicles of each ministry, establishment or corporation separately for the follow-up according to the agreement with the police? * Fix a device on the bridges that measures high load of heavy vehicles, locomotives, using a red light in the case where the load is higher than allowed? * Link the traffic system with the passport system in the land and air stations? * Detect the location of an accident when connecting to 999 with the number palate of the vehicle? * Traffic control on the internal main roads in cities, as well as other roads can be monitored if the system is installed and activated? * Locate police patrols and individuals on the roads? Link the system with GPS to cover all parts of the Sultanate and it has other benefits? * Link the airport card entry permit system to monitor the presence of people’s sites? * Restrict the speed of heavy vehicles with a code to reduce the speed limits. * Documentation of vehicles...
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...ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. TRUE OR FALSE True 1. All types of computers and mobile devices serve as sending and receiving devices in a communications system. False 2. On a client/server network, the client controls access to the resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area. (422) True 3. On a P2P network, each computer has equal responsibilities and capabilities. (422) False 4. Wi-Fi networks cannot be integrated with Ethernet networks. (427) False 5. Most current operating systems do not yet have built-in Bluetooth support. (427) False 6. UWB requires line-of-sight transmission, so its technology is not as widespread as IrDA. (429) True 7. For successful communications with NFC devices, the devices or objects must touch or be placed within an inch or two of each other. (430) True 8. DSL transmits on existing standard copper phone wiring. (433) False 9. Phone networks, the Internet, and other networks with large amounts of traffic use DSL. (434) False 10. A broadband modem is a communications device that converts digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog phone line. (435) True 11. Although some routers may be able to connect more than 200 computers and mobile devices, the performance of the router may decline as you add connections. (438) True 12. With satellite Internet connections, uplink transmissions usually are slower than downlink transmissions. MATCHING TYPE ...
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...SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION RFID Parking Garage Anthony Nichols Matthew Nichols 1.0 Introduction Finding parking spaces for automobiles and motorcycles can a problematic venture due to limited space and time, while the selling of parking spaces is potential lucrative endeavor. Currently, most large parking garages, including airport parking, use a ticketing system in which users get a time-stamped ticket when entering the structure and pay a time relative fee when exiting. The transmission of these disposable tickets is a time inefficient process susceptible to error. These tickets can easily be lost, and with the lost tickets, the entire process disoriented. The manual payment process can also be time consuming when traffic is at a high rate. An RFID parking system would improve this by allowing the user to interact with the parking area with an RFID card at the entrance and exit of the parking area. An RFID parking system would also allow the user to keep an account on which the system would keep track of financial transactions. This would reduce the amount of time the user must interact with the system and increase the security of the user. A new system to allow ease of use and increased security of parking areas is needed 1. Goals and objectives • To provide individuals who require a parking area with a system that is efficient and easy to use. • To provide individuals with a system that accounts for the length of each visit and...
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...THE INternet of Things THE INternet of Things Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Origination 1 Definition 1 Vision of the internet of things 1 Internet of things a buzzword or future reality? 2 Applications and Business opportunities of the internet of things 3 Retail 3 Supply Chains 3 Applications within the public sector 4 Government 4 Healthcare 4 Transportation 5 Overall opportunities for business 5 Technological factors in the adoption of the internet of things. 6 Miniaturisation of devices 6 Reduction in cost of components 7 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 7 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) 8 Increasing communication throughput and lower latency 8 Real-time Analytics 9 Cloud Computing 10 Security and Privacy 11 Cisco and its stake in the future of the internet of things 12 Company Background and activity 12 CISCOS vision 12 CISCOS stake in the internet of things. 12 Ireland and the internet of things 13 Overview 13 Blueface and IOT 13 Challenges Ireland faces in IOT adoption 14 Conclusion. 14 Abstract The following report examines the “Internet of things” (IOT) as a concept and emerging buzzword .This examination is carried out by first examining the applications and opportunities for IOT and then analysing the core technological advances in which will aid the expansion of this platform. Finally examples of those with a stake in the growth of the area within the international...
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...Inventory Management By: Jared Farnsworth, LAT In the fall of two thousand two I was introduced to radio frequency identification or RFID while I was doing my advanced individual training (AIT) for the military in Fort Lee, Virginia. At this time RFID was still in its infancy and not too many people were using RFID at this time. Not really too much was known about the benefits that it provided for inventory management either. The military was in the beginning stages of development and found it useful to link all of the databases at every military installation to make inventory control that much more reliable. Throughout my career in the military I used the RFID system quite a bit, mainly for inventory management. I used it for the control of medical equipment for the Army hospital that I was attached to. Everything had to be documented since all the supplies were highly vital to the proper running of the hospital. Other uses for the RFID system are for loss prevention, tracking inventory replenishment, managing work-in progress, and the removal of production waste through lean management. However certain problems do exist with the RFID system such as misuses and privacy issues. Over the next few paragraphs the benefits and problems with the RFID system will be discussed. “Theft and loss prevention and price markdown management are two of the most promising uses for radio frequency identification technologies deployed at...
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...1. List two advantages of wireless networking. User mobility in the workplace, and cost effective networking media for use in areas that are difficult or too costly to wire. 2. What are the three areas defined for the IEEE 802.11 standard? Physical Layer (PHY): The method of transmitting the data, which may be either RF or infrared (although infrared is rarely used.) Medium Access Control (MAC): The reliability of the data service, access control to the shared wireless medium, protecting the privacy of the transmitted data. MAC management protocols and services: Authentication, association, data delivery, and privacy. 3. What is an ad hoc network? In this network, the wireless clients (stations) communicate directly with each other. 4. What is the purpose of an Extended Service Set? By adding multiple access points to the network, the range of mobility of a wireless client in the LAN is extended. 5. What are the four physical layer technologies being used in 802.11 wireless networking? Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS); Infrared, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 6. Describe the frequency spectrum for the DSSS channels in 802.11b wireless networking. It implements 14 channels (each consuming 22 MHz) over approximately 90 MHz of RF spectrum in the 2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band. 7. Define a pseudorandom sequence as it applies to FHSS. Pseudorandom means the sequence...
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...Analysis Work name: Different quality methods research of RFID system. Avsnittslärare: Olof Wahlberg, Wilhelm Skoglund, Richard Ahlström Execute: student of Master program (one year) in Business Administration, Marketing and Management. Name: Arseniy; Surname: Buzyan Name: Iban; Surname: Ahmed Sundsvall, Sweden - 2012 Contents Abstract Key words Introduction Part 1. Different methods in article “Design and implementation of RFID based air-cargo monitoring system” Part 2. Different methods in article "RFID based model for an intelligent port" Abstract RFID systems, known to improve supply chains performances, are little implemented so far in industry, particularly in the field of transport, due to the high economic investment it requests in comparison to other existing solutions. However, their benefits may be theoretically proved by using a distributed simulation platform to support the design and test of any technical solution and organizational approach devoted to optimize RFID-based logistics systems. So one paper named: “Distributed simulation platform to design advanced RFID based freight transportation systems” deals with the development of this simulation platform, based on Generalized Discrete Event Specification (G-DEVS) models and HLA (High Level Architecture) standard. Another paper named: “Design and implementation of RFID based air-cargo monitoring system” deals with the design and...
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...Reach Out and Touch: Using NFC and 2D Barcodes for Service Discovery and Interaction with Mobile Devices Eamonn O’Neill1, Peter Thompson2, Stavros Garzonis1, and Andrew Warr1 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, UK, BA2 7AY {eamonn, s.garzonis, cspaw}@cs.bath.ac.uk http://www.cityware.org.uk 2 Vodafone Group R&D, Newbury, UK, RG14 2FN peter.thompson@vodafone.com Abstract. We investigate the use of 2 tagging technologies: Near Field Communication (NFC) and 2-dimensional barcodes. Our investigation combined a field trial and interview based study with an experimental evaluation. The field trial focused on users’ experience of the usability of NFC for a range of trial services, users’ perceptions of NFC use in their daily life context, and users’ suggestions for potential applications of NFC. The tags were embedded in a variety of postcards, table-top signs and posters. The experimental evaluation compared the ease of use of NFC and 2D barcodes, operationalised in terms of time taken to read a specified sequence of tags on posters. We found that for untrained users the 2D barcodes were quicker to use than the NFC tags but that training significantly improved users’ performance with the NFC tags while having no effect on their performance with the barcodes. 1 Introduction The use of ambient tags read by mobile devices presents new possibilities for service discovery and user interaction. Service discovery is an increasingly important issue as we move towards...
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...BMQ # 352823 Questions: Choose an organization delivering goods and/or services globally. Provide a background of the organization Fully describe six components of the organization's supply chain. Examine the potential problems related to each of the components described Explain the approaches of the organization for solving the problems. Response below: TITLE NAME COURSE DATE Introduction Supply chains are the process of moving merchandise; beginning from buyer orders, to raw materials, to supply, through production; thus, final distribution of the merchandise to customers. Every company has a supply chain of some differing degree. Dependent upon organizational size and the category of manufactured goods. This supply chain system obtains components and supplies, changes them into finished products, and then distributes them to consumers. Background of the organization Wal-Mart serves its customers over 200 million times per week, at approximately 8,692 retail units, beneath 55 singular banners, within 15 different nations. As of fiscal year 2010, sales were approximately 405 billion dollars. Wal-Mart employs approximately 2 million associates worldwide and is ranked #1 on Fortune's Global 500 list (Wal-Mart, 2010). Despite the global recession, including high gas prices and higher unemployment, Wal-Mart's international sales continue to increase. Wal-Mart's CEO Michael Duke told shareholders, "Global markets are "becoming an even bigger and more...
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