Free Essay

Rice Milling Across the World

In:

Submitted By shivamgoyal26
Words 2199
Pages 9
INTRODUCTION The Rice milling is the process that helps in removal of hulls and bran’s from paddy grains to produce polished rice. Rice is rich in genetic diversity with thousands of varieties grown throughout the world. Rice has been one of man's most important foods. Today, this unique grain helps sustain two-thirds of the world's population. It is life for thousands of millions of people. It is deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of their societies. About four-fifths of the world's rice are produced by small-scale farmers and are consumed locally. Rice is the staple food for 65% of the population in India. It is the largest consumed calorie source among the food grains. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world next to China. Indian Basmati Rice has been a favorite among international rice buyers. Indian rice will is highly competitive and has been identified as one of the major commodities for export. This provides us with ample opportunity for development of rice based value-added products for earning more foreign exchange. Modern rice mills are having high capacity and are capital intensive, although efficient have been developed for obtaining rice by processing the Paddy from its raw form are playing the significant role in the development of agro processing industries. So I choosed my topic as an organizational study at Sri Sai Rice Industries to get an integrated understanding of the organization and its work culture Status of Rice Milling Units in India Rice milling is the oldest and the largest agro processing industry of the country. At present it has a turnover of more than 25,500/- crore per annum. It processes about 85 million tonnes of paddy per year and provides staple food grain and other valuable products required by over 60% of the population. Paddy grain is milled either in raw condition or after par-boiling, mostly by single hullers of which over 82,000 are registered in the country

COMPANY PROFILE Name of the company: SRI SAI RICE INDUSTRIES Year of started: 22nd August 2007 Type of company: Partnership Name of the partners: Smt. T.Venkataramamma, Smt. S.Venkataramamma, Smt. T Rekha Rani and Smt. S Lakshmi. Production products: Rice Place : Venkatagiri Hobali, Basapattana (Bagalapur) Village, Gangavati Taluk, Koppal Distic. CORPORATE VISION “To achieve a national dominance in the rice industrial sector” Sri Sai Rice Industry has been investing in developing competencies such as the automation at each processing’s of the production to deliver superior quality with total Customer Orientation. CORPORATE MISSION “Empowerment through customer satisfaction thereby providing good quality products at an affordable price”

INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY Sri Sai Rice Industries Known as SSRI has a leading position in the market with its main objective to carry out he activity of hulling paddy to obtain Rice, Broken Rice, Rice Bran, Husk etc. BACKG ROUND OF THE COMPANY M/s SRI SAI RICE INDUSTRIES is a Partnership firm constituted on 22nd August 2007. The partners of the firm are namely Smt. T.Venkataramamma, Smt. S.Venkataramamma, Smt. T Rekha Rani and Smt. S Lakshmi. All the partners have experience in the said business of Rice Manufacturing and Trading. The rich experience of the partners, in the business of Rice Industry has resulted in the outcome of this constitution. LOCATION OF THE COMPANY The unit gas been set up at Sy. Nos. 25/K-2-2, 25/K2 P1 and 25/K-4-4, Venkatagiri Hobali, Basapattana (Bagalapur) Village, Gangavati Taluk, Koppal District by installing imported ‘Satake make rice milling plant consisting of rubber shellers, rice whitener & siky polisher, color sorter etc., and drier plant for producing silky polished super fine rice. PROMOTERS A brief profile of the promoters is as follows hough the partnership concern is established in the name of female members of the family, the male members along with the above partners will indulge in the day to day operations of the business.Smt. T Venkataramamma aged 52 years, has been carrying on the business of rice milling & trading activities for past 20 yearsand hails from a respectable business family GOALS AND OBJECTIVES * To establish long term relationship with the customers. * Increase the market share by maximizing sales and improve the quality of the products offered. * To increase export. * Enhance the quality of products thereby utilizing the currently adopted Japanese technology in a better way. * Continues updatation of the currently adopted Japanese technology. * To induce energy conservation and pollution control system. * To adopt eco-friendly technologies and maintain environmental health. * To act as a catalyst to accelerate industrial development of the region. Manufacturing Process: Rice forms are the basic primary processed product obtained from paddy and this is further processed for obtaining various secondary and tertiary products. Step wise procedure of processing of paddy to various finished products is illustrated in the table given below. A. Cleaning Cleaning is the first step in rice milling. It enables the production of clean rice and provides protection to other milling machinery, thereby increasing milling capacity. Impurities that are lighter than paddy are removed by an aspirator. Metallic (iron- impurities) are removed by the use of a magnet. Impurities larger or smaller in size but heavier than paddy are removed by sieves B. Dehusking A rubber- roll sheller consist of two rubber roller rotating in opposite direction at different speeds, both rollers have the same diameter, but one roll rotates about 25% faster than the other. The differences in peripheral speed subject the paddy grains falling between the roll to a shearing action that strip of the husk C. Husk Separation A mixture of dehusked rice (brown rice), remaining unshelled paddy, some broken rice and husk that has been split off the paddy comes out of the sheller. This mixture is subjected to sieving cum aspiration to separate brokens and husk D. Paddy Separation Shelling is not possible to a level of 100%. The grains differ in size due to which some grains remain unshelled. Therefore, a paddy separator is used to separate the remaining unhusked paddy from husked brown rice. The unhusked paddy is returned to the dehusker while the brown rice is carried forward to the polisher. F. Polishing The brown rice is next polished to remove bran layers. Some amount of polishing is essential for easy cooking and storage, although excessive polishing reduces the nutritive value of rice. There are three whiteners, one glaze master and one silky polisher in the unit for effective polishing of brown rice. G. Grading After the polishing operation, the milled rice contains, in addition to white grains, broken grains of different sizes as well as some bran and dust. Separation of these materials must be done. Bran and dust particles are removed by aspiration. Broken rice may be separated either by a Plan sifter or by a Trieur. * Color Sorter Color sorter is used for sorting out discolored grains from the lot. Optical sensors are adopted here to compare the color of the Individual grains. The discolored grains are blown out of the main stream. * Weighing and Packing This can be manual or automatic. An automatic intake weigher receives rice in a continuous flow and releases it in exact predetermined quantities by weight. At the same time, the number of weighments made is recorded by an automatic counter, thus giving an accurate record of the total weight of material processed in the mill. The automatic bagging scale ensures dust free bagging of the finished products and records the number of weighments made, by an automatic counter. 4. Technology: The technology required for the ginning & pressing operations are De-stoner, Paddy Husker and Paddy Separator, Vertical Whitener, Humidifier Air Polisher, Grain color sorter, Pre-cleaner, GEC alstom motors, Airlocks, gear motors, couplings, elevators, sifters, graders, blowers, electronic weighing and bagging system, slat conveyor, Rotary screw air compressor, DG set, weigh bridge, electrical infrastructure and other accessories et SWOT ANALYSIS This analysis identifies the strong and weak areas as well as opportunities and threats envisaged in the Sai Rice Industry. STRENTGHS * Vast experience of all the partners in the business of Rice Manufacturing and Trading. * Labors union doesn’t exist. * It has its reach throughout the Karnataka and Tamilnadu states. * Experienced and qualified people are present in all departments. * Plant is situated at a place where raw materials are available nearby. * It provides different varieties and good quality of rice at reasonable prices. WEAKNESSES * It has concerned market at only Karnataka and Tamilnadu states but lacks its presence in other parts of the nation. * Sufficient amount of promotional policies for promoting the products do not exist in the organization. * Lack of any clear cut long term marketing strategy, or product positioning has been a major problem.

OPPORTUNITIES * Rice is the staple food for 65% of the population in India and it is the largest consumed calorie source among the food grains, hence there is a greater demand for rice both in the domestic and international market. * Globalization of Indian economy bond to increase the demand levels. * The modernization, rationalization and automation in technology implemented can reap the benefits in future. THREATS * With liberalization competition will be more from larger companies and from Asian Countries both in the domestic and international market. * Recession or political instability will indirectly throw the company into crisis. * Many industries are expanding their capacities. * Imposition of taxes, levies in comparison to neighbouring states may taper down the industry. * Lack of its product promotion and competition in the market by players also stand in the way of its development. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study is to get an integrated understanding of the organization * To study the working of all the functional departments. * To get to know the details of Sri Sai Rice Industries organizational structure, existing strategies, work culture which would help in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. * To identify the limitations and areas of improvements to provide the suitable suggestions and means of improvements for the efficient and successful future operations of the organization.
Methodology:
Methodology is nothing but a body of methods used in a particular activity. The methodology includes the personal interaction with the finance manager. The report is based on the information & data gathered from the industry on the subject matter. For this, various meetings, interactions & interviews were held with the concerned persons. For gathering information a proforma was devised and necessary information was obtained through personal visits & interaction. This was a time bound assignment, the emphasis was made on personal Visits & interactions. The required information was assimilated by two sources. * Primary Data: This data is collected through direct contact with the managing director of the industry, and the department heads. * Secondary Data: This data is gathered from the reports, induction manuals and the internet. FINDINGS * The work schedule consists of 3 shifts. * The industry does not pay attention towards the advertising of its products. * The industry does not have sufficient amount of promotional policies, clear cut long term marketing strategies and product positioning. * During the period of study it has been found that, the company continuously for the two years had made the losses. * There are monetary and non-monetary benefits for the employees, when they have been asked to take up additional responsibilities. * The rice milling industry has got enough growth potential especially in terms of its currently adopted Japanese technology in the whole process of production. * More Emphasis is given on the automation and upgradation of the technology being used in the industry for producing the good quality and customer satisfactory products. * Number of the workers in the industry has been reduced because of the continuous automation and upgradation of the technology. SUGGESTIONS * There is a need to concentrate on the various marketing management techniques like branding, trade marking, costing and pricing techniques and various marketing methods. * The entrepreneurs have learnt from their ancestors in a traditional way. In order to further enhance the productivity, quality, customer satisfaction, effective utilization of resources and continual improvement there is a need to induce various modern management techniques in the unit. This may go a long way in widening the vision of the entrepreneurs and growth of industry at National/International level. * The management should consider some serious actions regard the bearing of continuous losses for the two years. * Interaction of the industry with other rice miller associations for the information exchange etc. * Entrepreneurship and motivation training programs for the workers/employes. * Training to unit owners in the field of 5S, TQM and benchmarking, ISO 9000 etc. * Brochure preparation and web-site launching. CONCLUSIONS As the industry does not have sufficient amount of promotional policies, clear cut long term marketing strategies and product positioning, this may result as a bigger psychological disadvantage for the industry and even the company has been bearing the continues losses for the two years. Hence it is better to find out the alternatives for the same. Sri Sai rice mill is having the capacity and the potential for succeeding in its vision much sooner thereby producing and enhancing the quality of the products by utilizing the currently adopted Japanese technology in a better way.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Rice Mill

...Introduction: Rice is the staple food and the largest consumed calorie source among the food grains. With a per capital availability of 73.8 kg it meets 31% of the total calorie requirement of the population. Apart from rice milling, processing of rice bran for oil extraction is also an important agro processing activity for value addition, income and employment generation and make the entire production of rice a viable. Many of the rice processing units are of the traditional huller type and are inefficient. Modern rice mills are having high capacity and are capital intensive, although efficient. Small modern rice mills have been developed by us and are available in the market but the lack of information is a bottleneck in its adoption by the prospective entrepreneur. The present model will go a long way in bridging the information gap. Description of Rice Milling Operation: Paddy in its raw form cannot be consumed by human beings. It needs to be suitably processed for obtaining rice. Rice milling is the process which helps in removal of hulls and barns from paddy grains to produce polished rice. Rice forms the basic primary processed product obtained from paddy and this is further processed for obtaining various secondary and tertiary products. The basic rice milling processes consist of: Process Definition 1. Pre Cleaning: Removing all impurities and unfilled grains from paddy 2. De-stoning: Separating small stones from paddy 3. Parboiling: Helps in improving...

Words: 2880 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Rice

...NAME NAME: NITISH SINGH ROLL NO.: BBA 39 SEMESTER: 5th (3rd year) COURSE: BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS.) SUPERVISOR: Mr. Mohammed Feroz TOPIC: RICE INDUSTRY IN INDIA PAPER: BBA 508 Term Paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Graduate Degree in BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONOURS) J.D. BIRLA INSTITUTE Affiliated to JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY At KOLKATA 1 Date: 03/01/2013 To, The Controller of Examination, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Respected sir, This term paper has been done by me and is an original work. The references used have been mentioned in the bibliography. This term paper work is partial fulfilment of the requirement for the BBA degree to be awarded by Jadavpur University. Yours faithfully, (Nitish Singh) 2 DECLARATIONS: To include plagiarism and ethical issues statements and word count is a formal requirement. I declare the following: (1) That the material contained in this dissertation is the end result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the bibliography and references to ALL sources be they printed, electronic or personal. (2) The word count of this dissertation is 14875. (3) That unless this dissertation has been confirmed as confidential, I agree to an entire electronic copy or sections of the dissertation to being placed on the e-learning portal, if deemed appropriate, to allow future students the opportunity to see examples of past...

Words: 16896 - Pages: 68

Premium Essay

Food Processing Industry in India

...FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA Corporate Catalyst India A report on Indian Food Processing Industry 1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW India is the world’s second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India-it is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth. The food industry is on a high as Indians continue to have a feast. Fuelled by what can be termed as a perfect ingredient for any industry - large disposable incomes - the food sector has been witnessing a marked change in consumption patterns, especially in terms of food. Increasing incomes are always accompanied by a change in the food basket. The proportionate expenditure on cereals, pulses, edible oil, sugar, salt and spices declines as households climb the expenditure classes in urban India while the opposite happens in the case of milk and milk products, meat, egg and fish, fruits and beverages. For instance, the proportionate expenditure on staples (cereals, grams, pulses) declined from 45 per cent to 44 per cent in rural India while the figure settled at 32 per cent of the total expenditure on food in urban India. A large part of this shift in consumption is driven by the processed food market, which accounts for 32 per cent of the total food market. It accounts for US$ 29.4 billion, in a total estimated market of US$ 91.66 billion. The Confederation of...

Words: 8652 - Pages: 35

Premium Essay

Mayan Farming

...The millers obtained skill in the equipment and the design. The waterpower eventually came to be used on industries in Europe instead of milling grain. Europe’s conversion to milling had extreme impacts to their culture and didn’t affect MENA that much. During the end of the 19th century cities in Morocco had many horse mills but only some watermills. The mills in MENA were operated by animals. Commercialization altered the milling role around the 18th century and it enforced new duties for example cleaning up the grain, bolting the food, and blending up the flour. The miller also had to let his assistants to do more of the physical work and he had to be more of a business person. It was not uncommon for a miller to do some farming and many millers were also baker in a bakery. The millers...

Words: 1549 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Staple Food Value Chain Analysis

...Council Government of Malawi Grain Traders and Processors Association International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange Malawi Bureau of Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry of Industry and Trade Malawi Revenue Authority National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi New Partnership for Africa‘s Development National Food Reserves Agency National Plant Quarantine Service National Statistics Office Sorghum and Millet Improvement Programme Sanitary and Phytosanitary Sustainable Agri-Business Initiative Southern Africa Development Community Smallholder Farmer Revolving Fertilizer Fund of Malawi United States Agency for International Development Value Chain Analysis World Food...

Words: 50613 - Pages: 203

Premium Essay

Supply Chain

...Recommendations 5 Food Processing Sector in India Food is the largest consumption category in India... Food Consum ption in India 250 So urce: B M I, Q12009 & CSO C A G R : 5 .3 2 % 229.7 210.3 200 180.1 168.6 151.7 157.7 184.4 191.4 198 1 50 1 00 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008e 2009f 201 0f 201 f 1 201 2f 201 3f Significant Opportunity India as a huge Consumer Market 6 Food Processing Sector in India India has huge supply advantages due to diverse agro-climatic conditions and wide ranging raw material base… • 52% cultivable land compared to 11% world average • All 15 major climates in the world exist in India • 46 out of 60 soil types exist in India • Largest livestock population • Largest producer of milk Significant Opportunity • Largest producer cereals • Second-largest fruit and vegetable producer • Among the top five producers worldwide of rice, wheat, groundnuts, tea, coffee, tobacco, spices, sugar and oilseeds. India as a...

Words: 2092 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Food Processing

...Exports FDI in Food Processing Government Regulation and support Regulatory framework Outlook Initiating Coverage Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ruchi Soya Analyst - Nisha Harchekar nishaharchekar@way2wealth.com Sectors - FMCG, Pharma, Entertainment WAY2WEALTH Securities Pvt. Ltd., 15/A Chander Mukhi, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400 021. Tel: +91 22 4019 2900 email: research@way2wealth.com website: www.way2wealth.com Indian Processed Food Industry Sector Coverage Opportunities Galore Executive Summary The size of global processed food industry is estimated to be valued around US $3.6 trillion and accounts for three-fourth of the global food sales. Despite its large size, only 6% of processed foods are traded across borders compared to 16% of major bulk agricultural commodities. Indian food-processing industry is miniscule in comparison and is estimated to be US $40 billion and is likely to grow at over 10%, on the basis of an expected GDP growth rate of 8-8.5% p.a. R uchi Soya FY09(E) CMP (Rs) Marketcap (Rs crores) PE (x) Mktcap/sales (x) EV/EBITDA (x) RoCE (%) RoNW (%) 86 1570 6.8 0.1 5.3 16.8 15.0 L akshmi Energy & Foods FY09(E) CMP (Rs) Marketcap (Rs crores) PE (x) Mktcap/sales (x) EV/EBITDA (x) RoCE (%) RoNW (%) 200 1200 7.2 0.9 4.4 29.3 35.5 With enormous scope for value addition, increase...

Words: 12382 - Pages: 50

Premium Essay

Student

...East Africa’s agro-industrial sector Driving regional growth Dr Edward George Head of Soft Commodities Research, Ecobank Windsor Country Club, Nairobi, Thursday May 22nd 2014 Section 1 East Africa’s agricultural balance East Africa is a food production hub Roots & tubers, cereals and fruit & vegetables dominate output Primary crop production, million tonnes, 2012 Share of primary crop production, 2012 40,000 Ethiopia 10% 30,000 28% Tanzania Uganda 20,000 4% 15% Kenya Rwanda 10,000 20% 23% Burundi 0 Roots & tubers Cereals Fruit & vegetables Pulses • Ethiopia & Tanzania produce around half of the region’s primary food crops. • Cassava, potatoes & maize are the region’s staple foods, which are traded widely. • A high proportion of fruit & vegetables are exported to sub-regional & international markets. Sources: FAO, Ecobank Research. © Ecobank 2014 | East Africa’s agro-industrial sector | 22 May 2014 3 East Africa dominates coffee production Guinea Ethiopia Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Uganda Rwanda Kenya DRC Burundi Tanzania Coffee production, 2012/13 (each bar = 2 million 60-kg bags) Madagascar Sources: Intracen, Ecobank Research. Arabica Robusta © Ecobank 2014 | East Africa’s agro-industrial sector | 22 May 2014 4 Ethiopia & Algeria dominate coffee consumption African coffee consumption, 000s 60-kg bags, 2012/13 % share of African total, 2012/13 ...

Words: 2599 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Bioenergy Technology Development in Nigeria – Pathway to Sustainable Development

...(NNPC) to power our turbines at our gas plants often exposes the country to power outage due to high cost of maintenance and vandalism. Applying biomass technology to generate power can help the country develop its energy sector more rapidly as the raw material needed to feed the Bioenergy plants are almost everywhere in the country some are mere waste such as agricultural and domestic waste. The focus of this paper is on the use of bioenergy to alleviate the poverty rate in Nigeria especially in the rural areas where there is large amount of Lands and biomass material. Developing the bioenergy strength of the country also creates wealth and employment opportunity in the country; generate electricity and the production of domestic cooking gas across the rural and urban settlements in the country. 1. INTRODUCTION Energy is the mainstay of Nigeria’s economic growth and development. It plays a significant role in the nation’s international diplomacy and it serves as a tradable commodity for earning the national income, which is used to...

Words: 7763 - Pages: 32

Free Essay

Vocabullary

...All-Purpose Flour "Maida" in Urdu - is a finely ground white wheat flour containing a moderate amount of protein; used for a wide variety of general baking and cooking. Allspice "Garam Masala" in Urdu - is a combination of rich and bitter whole spices that are dry roasted and then powdered. Some garam masalas can have up to 33 ingredients but the most common are bay leaves, cinnamon, cloves, green cardamoms and coriander seeds. Almond "Baadaam" in Urdu - An oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree. Amaranth Leaves "Cholai" in Urdu - also known as "Chinese Spinach", are edible tender leaves and stems, rich in vitamins A and C, protein, folic acid, calcium and iron, and are considered as vegetable and are cooked like spinach. Aniseeds "Sounf" in Urdu - A liquorice-like seed that is used as a digestive. Similar to fennel seeds but not used as widely in cooking as in after dinner mints. Apricot "Khubaani" or "Jardalu" in Urdu - A yellow-orange fruit harvested from small trees. The fruit resembles a smaller version of a peach. It can be eaten whole with the pit removed, processed into juice or preserves. Apricots can be preserved through drying. Apricot "Khubaani" or "Jardalu" in Urdu - A yellow-orange fruit harvested from small trees. The fruit resembles a smaller version of a peach. It can be eaten whole with the pit removed, processed into juice or preserves. Apricots can be preserved through drying. Apple "Saib" in...

Words: 12822 - Pages: 52

Premium Essay

Student

...Operation Management Practices in British American Tobacco Bangladesh Department of International Business (5th Batch) Operation Management Practices in British American Tobacco Bangladesh Submitted to Md.Rashedur Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of International Business University of Dhaka Prepared By Shahriar Wahid Roll-65 Batch-5th Department of International Business University of Dhaka Course Title: Operations Management Course Code: IB-305 Date of Submission: June 8, 2014 Letter of Transmittal June 8, 2014 Md.Rashedur Rahman Assistant Professor Department of International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of the report on “Operation Management Practices in British American Tobacco” Dear Sir, I here submit my report on “Operation Management Practices in British American Tobacco” that you assigned me. I have used relevant data from various...

Words: 4105 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Indian Food Processing Industry

... 53 INDIAN PROCESSED FOOD INDUSTRY The food processing Industry in India is of fundamental importance, holding as it does the vital link between agriculture and industry. This industry provides nearly 60 percent of all job opportunities by directly employing around 1.6 million workers. It is the fifth largest industry in the country in terms of production, consumption, export and growth. The worth of the Indian processed foods sector stood at USD 157 billion in FY2012; it is expected to touch USD 255 billion by FY2016 with 13 percent growth rate per annum. The availability of raw materials, changing lifestyles and relaxation in regulatory policies is fuelling the growth of this industry. India is the highest producer of milk in the world at 90 million tonnes per annum and the third largest producer of fish. With an arable landmass of 184 million hectares, it is the second largest producer of fruits & vegetables and the third largest producer of food grains. It has the largest livestock population as well. In addition to its large and wide-ranging raw material base, India has a huge consumer base of over one billion people. All these are positive factors that add vigour to the processed foods industry, which holds tremendous opportunities for large investments. With enormous scope for value addition, increase in the consumption of processed food products in India and many fiscal incentives being planned by the government, this sector is poised to maintain the growth...

Words: 2141 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Agriculture

...The Impact of Science and Technology on the Agricultural Era From about 10,000 years ago, groups of people in several areas around the world began to abandon the foraging lifestyle that had been successful, universal and largely unchanged for millennia (Lee & DeVore 1968). They began to gather, then cultivate and settle around, patches of cereal grasses and to domesticate animals for meat, labor, skins and other materials, and milk. The earliest civilizations all relied primarily on cereal agriculture. Cultivation of fruit trees began three thousand years later, again in the Middle East, and vegetables and other crops followed (Zohari 1986). Cultivation of rice began in Asia about 7000 years ago (Stark 1986). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1884 Arnold Toynbee coined the phrase ‘the Industrial Revolution’ to describe the great changes in the organization, methods and productivity which took place in late eighteenth-century England. Not surprisingly historians soon dubbed the parallel changes in agriculture ‘the Agricultural Revolution’ … approximately 1760 and 1820 the farming of this country underwent and equally abrupt and radical change (Grigg, 1967). As humans began to form permanent settlements and gave up traveling in search of food, agriculture was born. The foods we eat, the clothing we wear, the materials we use in our everyday lives is agriculture. The term agriculture refers to a wide variety of things, it is the science, art and occupation of cultivating the soil...

Words: 4218 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Food Security in Bangladesh

...SYLHET AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ,01718996557) The world summit of 1996 defined food security as existing ‘when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life’. Commonly the concept of food security is defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets peoples dietary needs as well as their food preferences. In many countries ,health problem related to dietary excess are an ever increasing threat, infact ,malnutrition and food borne diarrhea are become double burden. Food Security Status and Challenges: Food security situation in Bangladesh has improved, especially on the availability side, and further improvements on access and utilisation, to be sustainable and large-scale, needs renewed efforts from the government, civil society (including media) and the development partners. Records say in 70s’, 70% people were under the food consumption poverty line. Today this is down to under half of the population. Today, though people are not dying, they are going hungry and becoming stunted with reduced mental and physical capacity. They are suffering. The hungry population of over 60 million people is larger than most other global cases- the third largest poor population in any country after China and India5. Nearly half of Bangladesh’s children are underweight, making it one of the most severe cases of malnutrition in the world. While Bangladesh has definitely got more food than it...

Words: 5329 - Pages: 22

Premium Essay

Credit Appraisal Process in Hdfc Bank

...“CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS ON WORKING CAPITAL FINANCE IN HDFC BANK (MSME)” A summer internship project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By BIPIN CHANDU M Register No 1220310 Under the guidance of PROF. KRISHNA M C Institute of Management Christ University, Bangalore MBA 2012-2014 DECLARATION I, , do hereby declare that the summer internship project entitled Credit Appraisal Process on Working Capital Finance at HDFC Bank (MSME) has been undertaken by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration. I have completed this study under the guidance of Prof. Krishna M, Professor of Finance, Institute of Management, Christ University, Bangalore. I also declare that this project work has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship or fellowship or any other title in this University or any other university Place: Bangalore Date: (Name & Signature of the Candidate) Bipin Chandu M Register No 1220310 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the summer internship project submitted by Mr Bipin Chandu M on the title “Credit Appraisal Process on Working Capital Finance at HDFC Bank (MSME)” is a record of research work done by him during the academic year 2012 – 14 under my guidance and supervision in partial fulfilment of Master of Business Administration. This project work has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship or fellowship...

Words: 15268 - Pages: 62