...laws governing transport and traffic policing. Our insatiable appetite for vehicles in this country, has led to an exponential increase in the number of road traffic accidents and incidents on our roads and streets. It is the increase of fatal accidents that is of great concern to us as citizens. Statistics have shown that, more than 95% of these accidents happened as a direct result of a road traffic offence. In order to curb this carnage on our roads, we need to effectively combat the occurrence of traffic offences. Statistics from the World Health Organization 2007 Report have shown the following:- ➢ Worldwide, about 1.2 million persons are killed in road traffic accidents every year ➢ 20 million to 50 million people are injured or disabled in these crashes ➢ Road traffic injuries account for 2.1% of global mortality and 23% of all deaths worldwide ➢ Road traffic injuries are predicted to rise from tenth place in 2002 to eight place in 2030 as a cause of death. Here in Trinidad and Tobago, over the last few years, with the ever increasing traffic volumes becoming a reality of life, traffic policing has become the scapegoat for the ill of every-day traffic congestion and mayhem on our roads. While traffic policing is a priority of traffic management, it is the severe breakdown of discipline on the roads which leads to unsafe conditions for motorists and pedestrians a like. Under the Motor Vehicle and Road Traffic Act, chapter 48:50, there are...
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...TARA – 14th Annual Roads Convention Proceedings, November 17, 2011 The Practicability of Blood Alcohol Concentration Test & Drunken Driving in Tanzania Authors: Address: Emails: Key Words: Gilliard W. Ngewe & Batholomew Marcel National Institute of Transport ngeweg@yahoo.co.uk : batholomewm@yahoo.com Alcohol intoxication, blood alcohol concentration, breathe alcohol content, central nervous system, correlation coefficient, drug, drunken driving, enforcement mechanisms and impaired driving Abstract Beverage alcohol is widely enjoyed the world over in countless different settings and by a great many people. It is well recognized that irresponsible drinking patterns coupled with certain behaviors, such as driving, may bring about a range of harmful outcomes. Accordingly, many countries agree on the need to establish regulations that prohibit impaired driving, particularly as it applies to the operation of automobiles on public roads. The setting of maximum allowable Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level is a tool for enforcement and for prevention. The offense of driving with a BAC above the legal limit is variously known as “Driving under the Influence” (DUI), “Driving While Intoxicated” (DWI), “drink – driving” or “drunken driving” among other similar names. The most common method of determining BAC is by measuring the alcohol in an exhaled sample of breath. However, there are claims that breath alcohol levels do not reliably mirror blood alcohol levels, in response certain...
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...Ramp Metering Term Paper Progress Report Name: Naeem Rezghi Student ID: 8722229076 Course: Traffic Engineering, CIV4116 -S12 Instructor: Mr. Peyman Misaghi Date: J uly 1, 2012 T able of Contents 1- Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 2- History .............................................................................................................................. 4 3- Ramp Metering Algorithms .......................................................................................... 5 3-1- S ystem Architecture .............................................................................................. 5 3-2- Release Algorithm .................................................................................................. 6 3-3- A rbitration Algorithm .............................................................................................. 7 3-4- S witch On- Off Algorithm ....................................................................................... 8 3-5- Q ueue Override Algorithm .................................................................................... 9 3-6- Q ueue Management Algorithm ........................................................................... 9 3-7- Ramp Metering Algorithm ...................................................................................10 3-8- Data Filtering Algorithm: .................
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...Application of DSS to Traffic Management Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Framework and Infrastructure...................................................................................................................... 3 MODELLING AND APPLICATION OF DSS TO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT .......................................................... 8 MSTEM By (Hasan, 2010) .......................................................................................................................... 8 Fuzzy Logic Application by (Almejalli, Dahal, & Hossain, 2006) .............................................................. 12 MultiAgent Modelling by (Ossowski, et al., 2005) .................................................................................. 15 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 18 References .........................................................................................................
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...Q: What is the Role of Government In traffic management ? Traffic Management is basically the management of road network .As Lahore is considered the quite bigger as compared to other cities of Pakistan and beautiful as well So, managing the road network in Lahore is not an easy task .It is a complex task requiring consideration of many issues. Today most of the traffic problem in Lahore is due to the negligence in the duties of traffic wardens. All of the traffic wardens performing their duties in Lahore their integrity can’t be questioned over here few traffic wardens are conscious about their jobs and obeying their duty with honesty but most of them show reckless behavior while performing their duties. Almost 300 wardens of the traffic of City police Lahore have been performing their duties for last one year without getting basic Training, which is mandatory under Police rules. These untrained traffic did not know about the traffic rules and regulations don’t know about what codes to be applied on traffic violations some of them even don’t know report writing. Most of the wardens in Lahore are sent to their duties at major roads with no knowledge. As, most of the wardens standing on traffic signal are not literate that’s why massive traffic jam is observed daily. Lack of proper training is also a contributing factor to their deteriorating performance. According to an official record, around 600 wardens excluding 3000 have either resigned or joined other departments or have...
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...Teenagers and Seatbelt Safety: Identifying the reasons Why 16 to 19 Old High-School Students Do Not Wear Seatbelt Melissa Simmons Research Methodology Prepared for Soheyl Amini PhD September 2012 Objectives The aims and objectives of this study include the following: (1) to identify the percentage of teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 that do not wear seat belts when in a car; and (2) to identify the reasons why teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 do not wear seat belts when in a car; (3) to identify whether there is a correlation between sex and seat belt compliance among teenagers; and (4) to determine whether attendance of a driver’s education class increases seat belt compliance among teenagers. Once this information is known, strategies for teaching teenagers about the laws of the state with regards to seatbelt use; and the critical importance of wearing seat belts can be developed. Research Questions The research questions for this study include the following: (1) What percent of teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 do not wear belts when in a car? (2) What are the reasons why teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 do not wear seat belts when in a car? (3) Is there a difference between male and female teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 in terms of seat belt compliance? (4) Does formal driver education attendance increase seat belt compliancy among teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19? Purpose of Study The purpose of this...
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...approach which aims at applicability of technique rather than correctness of the technique. 2. Here in this assignment we will be using Soft OR because of the following reasons:- * Tangible * Easy to Explain * Easy to Use * Soft OR Techniques? Example (Hypothetical Situation) : * Traffic signals is a major problem in Delhi. Sometimes referred to as a "Traffic Light" or "Stop Light", these are the red, yellow and green lights that direct traffic at intersections. The correct term for this type of light is "Traffic Signal" or "Illuminated Traffic Signal". Traffic signals is a major problem * Out-of-order meters or kiosks * Malfunctioning traffic lights * Traffic obstruction / blocked street * Signage missing / unreadable Keeping in mind the scarcity of land availability and accessibility ,according to me the only way to solve this problem is “traffic jams” ------------------------------------------------- Assumption :: While finding the Problem structuring method in this assignment we have to keep in mind the Problem i.e. traffic jams and solution i.e.lesson the traffic signals . In the Assignment , all...
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...THE HEADLESS HORSEMEN Kori Mac December 20, 2012 Most people that have had the opportunity to own a motorcycle or ride on the back of a one. I can attest to how exhilarating and free the feelings of being one, seamlessly with the motorcycle and nature can be; unfortunately there is a downside to being exposed to nature, without protection of metal and cushion in way a car commonly provides. There is an inevitable risk of serious injury in the event one mistake is made either from the motorcyclist, an operator of a car, bus or truck; ultimately a tragedy may occur if the vehicle operator of either is not paying attention. Congressmen and legislation are not providing the laws, urgency, and incentives to protect the lives of motorcyclist; Congressmen and legislation are contributing to a possible epidemic of “Headless Horsemen” by blindly allowing motorcyclists to have the option of not wearing a helmet while operating these high-speed vehicles. I am a fellow motorcyclist; I have had the pleasure of riding motorcycles since my early twenties (over 17 years). I spent this past year in Orlando, Florida, and coming from Washington, DC, the weather was quite different; it was sunny all the time, and I loved it. I often stated to myself “This is a perfect motorcycle day!” for most of the year, but within the same breath I would see a motorcyclist zoom past me, riding on average 75 miles per hour (mph), without a helmet. My feelings changed immediately...
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...loss of life of a police officer and his family for the Toyota company to recognize that there was a product failure problem. Although the NHTSA had apparently received many reports of this accelerator pedal problem happening, it is cited by Bearman Law as having been ignored although previously investigated. As the investigation unfolded, many injuries and fatalities were uncovered that were caused by this Toyota malfunction and the public was not notified. The solution was for owners to remove the floor mat and not replace it. (Bearman Law Firm, 2012) I personally was shocked when I read further into this case as I recalled that this happened to my mother a number of times in her Toyota Lexus while on the highway and merging with traffic and the pedal sticking. I thought initially at the time, that this could not possible be true, Toyota was a well manufactured vehicle and was the reason we selected the vehicle; a safe and reliable vehicle always. As she continued to have these issues and we were not receiving resolution, we traded it for a new Toyota. Even though, we had these issues, we still believed in the quality. As I now read further into this, I was...
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...our day-to-day life. And as such, the bad effect of traffic jam can better be understood than described. So movements on the roads and streets must strictly be regulated by certain rules, which we call traffic rules. Vehicles must keep to the left, obey speed limits and should avoid overtaking and follow the traffic signals. If these rules are followed strictly, the vehicles can go on smoothly without causing any traffic jam. But most often than not, there is glaring carelessness about these rules. As a result, the common people pay very dearly for it. People lose their time on their way for nothing. Sometimes we feel inclined to think that our government and the people at the helm of these affairs are very indifferent to such vital problems. Something positive must be done to relieve the people from such problems. Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. The most common example is the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, congestion is incurred. As demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam. Consequences of Traffic jam: At rush hour, a distance of three to four kilometres...
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...83 – No 9, December 2013 Real Time Traffic Density Count using Image Processing Naeem Abbas Muhammad Tayyab M.Tahir Qadri Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan ABSTRACT Due to the increase in the number of vehicles day by day, traffic congestions and traffic jams are very common. One method to overcome the traffic problem is to develop an intelligent traffic control system which is based on the measurement of traffic density on the road using real time video and image processing techniques. The theme is to control the traffic by determining the traffic density on each side of the road and control the traffic signal intelligently by using the density information. This paper presents the algorithm to determine the number of vehicles on the road. The density counting algorithm works by comparing the real time frame of live video by the reference image and by searching vehicles only in the region of interest (i.e., road area). The computed vehicle density can be compared with other direction of the traffic in order to control the traffic signal smartly. Keywords Traffic density count, image processing, intelligent controlling of traffic. 1. INTRODUCTION The number of vehicles on the road increases day by day therefore for the...
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...STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC VOLUME IN DAVAO CITY FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS (2007-2011) Reyna Lea C. Rosales Course: Master of Science in Criminology Research Paper In MC 209 Professor: Dr. William A. Revisa TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………..3 II. Discussion A. Traffic Volume Data Collection…………………………………………………...4 B. Objectives of the Traffic Volume Monitoring Program ……………………..5 C. Uses for Traffic Volume Data …………………………………………………….5 D. Ways of conducting Traffic Survey / Methods of Traffic Volume Study……………………………………………...7 E. Importance of Traffic Volume Study …………………………………………..11 F. GLOBAL …………………………………………………………………………….12 G. NATIONAL ………………………………………………………………………….16 H. LOCAL ………………………………………………………………………………17 Table 1 ……………………………………………………………………………...19 I. Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………………….19 III. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………...20 References ……………………………………………………………………………..21 I. INTRODUCTION Traffic volume studies are taken to determine the number of movements and classifications of vehicles in a specific location. This information can help classify significant flow time periods and determine the influence of large vehicles and/or pedestrians. The time period in which these traffic volumes are calculated will vary depending on what data that is being collected and what its purpose is. Traffic counts are reported as the number of vehicles expected to pass a given location on an average...
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...Reasons behind traffic jam in Dhaka city (a) City lay-out (master plan) and over-population: The causes of traffic congestion in Dhaka city are multifarious. Starting from the city itself, it is observed that the skeleton, structure and lay-out of Dhaka City are not well-planned and well-directed. Dhaka is also a highly populated city. More than one crore people live here and the figure is increasing day by day. This huge population acts as an auto-catalyst of traffic congestion in Dhaka City. (b) Inadequate and unplanned roads: Dhaka City has very inadequate road networks. For a standard city, where the minimum road requirement is 25%, Dhaka has only 7.5% road of its total area. 30% of this 7.5% road is also occupied by the hawkers, salesman and shopkeepers. A significant portion is occupied by construction materials and waste-containers of the City Corporation. As a result, vehicles do not get sufficient space to move on. Besides this, in most cases roads are serpentine rather than being straight. This ultimately breeds a number of unnecessary junctions where vehicles automatically slow down. Again, these roads are also not well constructed and regularly repaired. City Corporation, DESA, WASA, BTTB excavate the roads randomly without any integrated and central plan. Lack of proper maintenance causes the vehicle to stop without any prior notice. During the rainy season the situation becomes more critical while the roads go under water due to heavy rain. (c) Heterogeneous...
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...Term Paper on Traffic Jam in Bangladesh TERM PAPER ON Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Prepared For Mohd. H.R. Joarder United International University Prepared By MD. Aminul Islam Ariful islam MD. Mesbahuddin Shahanaz Parvin Mou Jeenniifeerr Islam Date of submission Name of Group Members Letter of Transmittal May 5, 2012 Mohd. H.R. Joarder Faculty School of Business Administration United International University Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure for us to submit our Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. It is a great opportunity for us to implement the knowledge that we have learned in our academic career to work a Term papers on “Traffic Jam in Dhaka city”. We try our level best to make this Term papers to the required standard. We hope that this report will fulfill your expectation. We therefore, hope that you would be kind enough to go through this report for evaluation Sincerely yours ------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- MD. Aminul Islam Ariful Islam Shahanaz Parvin Mou ----------------- ------------------- Jennifer Islam MD. Mesbah...
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...Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Over the last few years the transportation problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Citizens constantly complain about the unbearable twin problems of traffic jam and air pollution. Democracy watch decided to address this problem through an opinion poll covering around eight hundred households randomly selected from several purposively selected neighbourhoods of the city, representatives of middle and lower income areas. The questions asked focused mainly on three issues: (a) the nature of the problem as perceived by the surveyed residents, (b) their understanding about the causes of these problems and (c) their recommendations on solutions to these perceived problems. Some preliminary results from this survey were presented at a workshop, which was participated by persons associated with the formulation and implementation of traffic policies, rules and programmes .This Draft Final Report benefits from valuable discussion and comments received at the workshop. The methodology of this survey is explained below in brief. It is easy to see that the study extended beyond a standard opinion poll and entered the arena of investigative research in seeking some explanations to perceptions as well as behaviour. The findings are presented mainly in the form of self-explanatory tables with some introductory highlights and conclusions. A further extension of the survey is currently being completed to cover the very poor and the...
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