...subject of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity. They are both similar in that they both result in some level of conflict, however they are also very different. This paper shares some examples of both subjects and further explains their difference and similarity. Describe a situation in which you experienced role conflict or role ambiguity. What caused it? How are the two ideas related, and how are they different? Role ambiguity occurs when a person is unsure about the role that is to be performed, or unsure about how to approach a certain situation (Newstorm, pg 90, 2011). People become unsure about their roles because it has not been appropriately defined and communicated. I experienced this once a couple of years ago, where I was working as a Library Assistant. The previous librarian had resigned and for some months I was reporting to the second in command. During this time I was put in control of many of the tasks of a Librarian, and so when a new Librarian was appointed I felt reprimanded for taking initiative to continue these tasks. I presume that as an assistant, I was not eligible to perform some of the tasks that I had been, however when the new Librarian came in there was no clear understanding of what was to be done differently; Communication was lacking in this situation. Role conflict is where the expectation and/or perceptions of a role to be performed are misunderstood (Newstorm, pg 90, 2011). Role conflict is different from role ambiguity in that role ambiguity...
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...Moral Ambiguity What is a morally ambiguous character? It is a character whose behavior discourages readers from identifying them as purely good or purely evil. In the book Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky explores the path of Raskolnikov who has many problems and obstacles throughout his life. He commits murder and is faced with the long and mentally painful journey of seeking improvement. Dostoevsky conveys moral ambiguity in Raskolnikov by demonstrating how his actions are and moral and immoral. Raskolnikov overhears a man at the bar, “I could kill that damned old woman and make off with her money, I assure you, without the faintest conscience-prick” (Dostoevsky). Raskolnikov had “the very same idea” (Dostoevsky). His conscious told him to confess the murder, while his heart was unsure if he was ready to give himself up. Raskolnikovs’ indecisiveness and guilt caused him illness: depression, and slight delirium. They became his character. He “was crushed by poverty, but the anxieties of his position had of late ceased to weight him down” (Dostoevsky). While both sides of his situation were very comprehensible, his uncertainty in his actions was the result of the biggest incidence, the murder of two innocent women. He mentally surfers thought the book. Raskolnikov’s suffering has a direct relationship with his guilt over his crimes. Raskolnikov tries to help people also. He's completely devoted to the Marmeladov family and tries to help them any way he can. Raskolnikov...
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...Presentation Rubric Group: Team AName(s): Jody Marvin, Fabi Michel, Rhiannon Armstrong, Stephen LorenzCourse Visual Ambiguity Presentation | Date: 7.25.2012Assignment Week 3 Learning Team | Content-4 Possible -Presentation content clearly follows the written paper upon which it is based: Visual Ambiguity-Topic is relevant and addresses assignment specifications: How the visual system resolves ambiguities, analyze the role of perception in cognitive psychology, discuss the importance of visual perception in cognitive processes.-Content presented is comprehensive, accurate, and believable-Key points are noted-Topic is researched adequately | Points Earned: 3.5Team A, This presentation started with a nice definition and discussion of visual ambiguity.I would have liked to see a more comprehensive discussion of the ecological approach; bottom up/top down processing etc. Just looking for a bit more content related to how the visual system resolves ambiguities. Otherwise, I thought that you had nice discussions of the importance of visual ambiguity, attention, perception, and cognition. | Organization/Structure-1.5 Possible -Presentation...
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...Why Ambiguity? Ariel Cohen Ben-Gurion University arikc@bgu.ac.il All human languages are ambiguous. Ambiguity is not restricted to some special constructions that linguists are fond of discussing, but is quite ubiquitous. It is hard, in fact, to find a sentence that is not ambiguous. This fact is all too familiar to computational linguists: “One often hears in computational linguistics about completely unremarkable sentences with hundreds of parses, and that is in fact no exaggeration.” (Abney, 1996). The question is, simply, why? Why is language ambiguous? Krifka (2002) raises a similar question concerning vagueness. He shows that there are good reasons for language to allow, and even encourage vagueness. Vagueness, however, is not ambiguity. When we are told that the theater is far from here, we may be unsure as to the precise distance; but we know what the speaker intends, and we can draw inferences based on this, e.g., that we should take a cab instead of walking to the theater. But with an ambiguous term, the intended meaning is not merely insufficiently specified; it is not known, until the term is disambiguated. When we hear that John has a kid, we draw very different inferences if John is a father or if he owns a young goat. Thus, the advantages of vagueness do not seem to apply to ambiguity, and we are back to the question: why ambiguity? Some may say that it doesn’t matter. Humans possess very powerful mechanisms for disambiguation; these mechanisms resolve ambiguities, so...
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...Cormac McCarthy’s dystopian novel, The Road, effectively utilises narratological techniques and structures to convey complex ideas of the importance of hope, morality versus survival, and the integral role of relationships between humans in surviving extreme circumstances. An essential component of survival under conditions of great adversity is a drive to survive and a hope for the future. McCarthy’s protagonist knows that his quest to head “to the South” is fruitless; he knows he is going to die “Sometime. Not Now.” However he recognises that without some kind of goal or destination, humanity has no purpose. McCarthy utilises aspects of the symbolic code to illustrate how keeping the boy alive has become the man’s sole purpose for carrying on; he represents his father’s drive and his hope for the future. This is displayed in a synchronic analeptic episode through the contrast between the father’s devotion and the reaction of the mother; “The one thing I can tell you is that you won’t survive for yourself. I know because I would have never come this far.” She cannot place her hope and her motivation to continue in the boy like the father can, and as such succumbs to the world she is a part of. The semantic code is also utilised through the continued reference to fire to further develop how the pair’s hope allows them to survive. The audience associates fire with resilience and spirit, such that when the pair continually discuss how they are “carrying the fire” the reader connects...
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...2 of 56 Clear Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Clear Writing Students will learn to … 1. Determine acceptable and unacceptable degrees of vagueness in language 2. Understand and identify types of ambiguity 3. Identify the problems generality causes in language 4. Use definitions to increase precision and clarity and to influence attitudes 5. Understand the types of definitions 6. Acquire skills for writing an effective argumentative essay rom August 1987 until January 2007, Alan Greenspan was chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (“the Fed”). Because any remark he made about U.S. monetary policy could cause markets all over the world to fluctuate wildly, he developed a complicated way of speaking that came to be known as “Fedspeak.” Here’s an example: It is a tricky problem to find the particular calibration in timing that would be appropriate to 2/9/2016 12:17 PM 3 of 56 stem the acceleration in risk premiums created by falling incomes without prematurely aborting the decline in the inflation-generated risk premiums.* Greenspan has admitted that such remarks were not really intended to be understood. Asked to give an example by commenting on the weather, Greenspan replied, I would generally expect that today in Washington, D.C., the probability of changes in the weather is highly uncertain. But we are monitoring the data in such a manner that we will be able to update people on changes that are important.* Page 70 2/9/2016 12:17 PM This tells us nothing about the weather...
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...“Clear thinking requires peace of mind rather than intelligence.” ~Meredith Forder … When it comes to making the right choices in life, mere intelligence will not guarantee the best result. This fact is exemplified by the problems of obesity, anxiety, stress, addictions and depression among highly intelligent people. At Clear Thinking we believe that many of life’s problems can be solved by simply learning how to think clearly—how to keep your mind calm, focused and within your control. Critical thinking...the awakening of the intellect to the study of itself. Critical thinking is a rich concept that has been developing throughout the past 2500 years. The term "critical thinking" has its roots in the mid-late 20th century. We offer here overlapping definitions, together which form a substantive, transdisciplinary conception of critical thinking. Critical Thinking as Defined by the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987 A statement by Michael Scriven & Richard Paul, presented at the 8th Annual International Conference on Critical Thinking and Education Reform, Summer 1987. Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that...
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...(Stoll et al., 2005) elaborated on role ambiguity in stepfamilies: “The complexity and effect of role structures, family life cycle influences, and development transitions are important variables frequently ignored or misunderstood in stepfamily research, creating difficulties in developing authentic role expectations and predictability in stepfamily functioning” (p. 178). The authors elaborated further on role ambiguity and cultural and/or societal expectations of stepfamilies: Cultural expectations that stepfamilies should model traditional, intact family roles, behaviors and feelings have created misunderstanding and added strains for stepfamilies. Adolescents in this study did not appear to be laden with preconceived expectations for a traditional family. Indirectly, however, they did become victims of the parents’ or stepparents’ need to perform as a traditional family, adding stress to the adolescents’ existence. (p.187 & 188)...
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...[pic] The Ambiguity Review Process © Richard Bender Bender RBT Inc. 17 Cardinale Lane Queensbury, NY 12804 518-743-8755 rbender@BenderRBT.com The Ambiguity Review Process Purpose: An Ambiguity Review improves the quality of requirements by making them deterministic, unambiguous, correct and complete. An Ambiguity Review is a testing technique that eliminates defects in the requirements phase of the software development lifecycle, thereby avoiding those defects from propagating to the remaining phases of the software development lifecycle. Description: Someone trained in the Ambiguity Review Process performs the Ambiguity Review. The Ambiguity Reviewer is not a domain expert, and is not reading the requirements for content, but only to identify ambiguities in the logic and structure of the wording. The Ambiguity Review takes place after the requirements (or a section of the requirements) reach first draft, and prior to them being reviewed for content, i.e., correctness and completeness by domain experts. The Ambiguity Reviewer identifies all ambiguous words and phrases on a copy of the requirements. If CaliberRM is used to capture requirements, then the ambiguities are documented directly in CaliberRM. A summary of the findings is presented to the requirements author. Deliverables: The Ambiguity Review deliverables include the following: • If the requirements are in a...
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...of Cain and Able. While the text of Sonny’s Blues does not align with the story of Cain and Able verbatim, the underlying theme of being a “brother’s keeper” is central to both stories. I set out to identify the various elements involved in being a “brother’s keeper”. After reading the biblical account of Cain and Able, two sub-themes came to the forefront self-identity and responsibility. I selected the sources listed below to highlight the ways Baldwin uses the themes of identity and responsibility, and other literary mechanisms to connect Sonny’s Blues to the biblical account of Cain and Able. Byerman, Keith A. "Words And Music: Narrative Ambiguity In 'Sonny's Blues'." Studies In Short Fiction 19.4 (1982): 367. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Byerman discusses how music and words create ambiguity in Sonny’s Blues. He points out the rhythm of the wording in the text and how the narrator uses the words to communicate his ideas and as a defense mechanism when his reality is too harsh to handle. The narrator’s candid wording at times draws the reader in with understanding and intrigue. Yet, his vacillating uses of metaphors seem to shut the reader out when the details become too sensitive. Just as the narrator uses words to present his case to the reader, Sonny uses music to do the same. Both literary approaches present each character’s conflict from his own perspective. Mosher, Marlene. "Baldwin's SONNY's BLUES." Explicator 40.4 (1982):...
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...The Ambiguity of the Impact of Life Choices By Stacy Tohar In the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost the reader is left with ambiguity about the personal impact on the traveler of choosing one road over the other, and therefore ambiguity about the impact on a person from making one life choice to the exclusion of another, as this poem is of course a poem about life choices. The definition of the word ambiguity is doubtfulness or uncertainty of meaning or intention.It is unclear whether the subject of the poem, the traveler, feels contentment, regret, or both about his choice of roads. However, from the poem’s conclusion, it appears that the author intended that the ambiguity remain without resolution, just as is often the case with life choices and the impact of those choices. In the Road Not Taken, the traveler stands at a fork in the road and must choose one road over the other. Of course, this is a metaphorical fork, symbolizing life choices and paths. Knowing that he must choose one road over the other, the traveler attempts to look as far down the way as possible in an attempt to see where each road will take him. This is as in life, where we must attempt to visualize the impact of choosing one life choice over another. However, as with life choices, the traveler cannot see the consequences of one choice over the other with any certainty: “And looked down one as far as I could to where it bent in the undergrowth.”(4-5). The traveler can only see that one road...
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...The most notable quality of Robert Graves’ "Counting the Beats" remains the tone of the poem, which conveys a stark simplicity that both colors the poem’s "feel" as well as paints a pessimistic image of the events. In an ambiguous setting, the poem depicts a nameless man and woman engaged in intimate dialogue, complemented by a narrator’s ironic knowledge of events beyond the limits of the couple. [I intend to argue that] That narrative voice establishes a tone of bleak hopelessness in which the established mood of the poem becomes more important than the limited events of an unidentified man and woman. Their actions are simple at best: while the dialogue between the pair suggests a love affair, it does not progress beyond three short statements, their conversation, coupled with the narrator’s prescient observations that indicate an inevitable unhappy future. With the opening of the poem, the man asks a question, rhetorical perhaps, that seems harmless enough: "And if no more than only you and I / What care you or I?" By his statement, he seems content or resolved that only the two of them remain important—but with regard to what: their place in the universe? their private love? or their fear of the future? The volta, or "turn," at the beginning of the line colors the tone of his question, apparently confirming his suspicion that their love has limitations and exists in isolation, rather than his asking something for which he seeks an answer. Besides isolation,...
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...Discussion Questions: “The Birthmark” English 1301 1. "The Birthmark" is such a rich story that when we begin to explore its deeper meanings we find ironies, ambiguities, paradoxes, and rich symbols, all of which invite a reader's individual interpretation. What irony, ambiguity, symbol, and paradox do you find most interesting in "The Birthmark"? 2. In much of his fiction, Hawthorne treats pride as an "evil." Is there an evil type of pride evident in "The Birthmark"? 3. In what ways is "The Birthmark" for all its promise of an "impressive moral" actually morally ambiguous? Why might some readers find it difficult to view Alymer, for instance, as purely and unambiguously "evil"? 4. Hawthorne didn't feel himself confined to an aesthetic that privileges "verisimilitude," like many 20th century authors (notable exceptions being Kafka, Borges, and Marquez). He felt comfortable allowing his fiction to include "the spirit and mechanism of the fairyland" (his words). What "fantastic" or "magical" elements appear in "The Birthmark"? 5. Consider Hawthorne's presentation of Georgiana in "The Birthmark." What attitudes about women seem to inform his portrait of her? 6. Given that certain themes tend to recur in Hawthorne's fiction, among them the limits of self-reliance and the evils of manipulation, can you analyze how these themes are expressed in "The Birthmark"? Student Questions: • Why did Aylmer marry Georgiana if he hated the birthmark so much? Why...
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...1. Apply ICA to show syntactic ambiguity in the following sentences: a) Her new husband is a Greek wine merchant. b) The dog bit the woman in the bathroom. c) A British Tornado pilot survived a crash. d) Their professional development strategy failed. e) Henry photographed the woman with a cell phone. Her new husband| is a Greek wine merchant. Her| new husband | is a Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is a Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a| Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a| Greek| wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a| Greek| wine | merchant. Her new husband| is a Greek wine merchant. Her| new husband | is a Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is a Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a| Greek wine merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a| Greek wine |merchant. Her| new| husband| is| a| Greek| wine | merchant. The dog | bit the woman in the bathroom The dog | bit | the woman in the bathroom The dog | bit | the woman | in the bathroom The dog | bit | the | woman | in the bathroom The dog | bit | the | woman | in |the bathroom The dog | bit | the | woman | in |the | bathroom The dog | bit the woman in the bathroom The | dog| bit the woman in the bathroom. The | dog | bit the woman |in the bathroom The | dog | bit the woman | in | the bathroom The | dog | bit | the woman | in | the | bathroom. The | dog | bit | the | woman...
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...Q NO.1 SKILLS FOR DRAFTING “Preparing legal instruments is the most pervasive of all the legal disciplines” (Dickerson 1986) According to Fox (2002) the excellence of contract drafting requires precise use of language so that it may be interpreted in same sense by each counterpart. According to author contract drafting in a skilled way required a clear understanding between parties to contract. A significant effort is required to achieve this goal. Fox (2002) has given the following four features of a skillfully written contract, 1) It is accurate-correctly expressing the deal 2) It is complete—addressing all possibilities 3) It is exact-absence of ambiguity and vagueness 4) It is able to withstand critical and hostile reviews CONVENIENCE FOR READER: According to Just (2008) it is the duty of drafter/lawyer to make the things clearer to the other party/client and make them understand the things that may appear insignificant at that time. Fox (2002) consider it essential for a lawyer/drafter to have capability to explain the complicated issues and concepts in easy way. Just (2008) suggests gauging the knowledge of other party/client. Author further recommends that not only contract should addressed the issues instead it should also best serve the purpose also. AVOIDING ORTHODOX WRITNG RITUALS Just (2008) criticizes the use of Doublets and Triplets in legal English for making document difficult to read and longer. In Modern practices doublets and triplets are avoided...
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