...Introduction Unlike conventional economics which focuses on profit maximization, the Islamic economic system aims at the “study of human falah achieved by organising the resources of earth on the basis of cooperation and participation (Akram Khan, p.55).” In other words, the Islamic economic system aims at attaining Allah s.w.t’s pleasure, while pursuing economic activities within the boundaries of the Islamic shariah. The Islamic shariah puts a heavy importance on the well being of the community and social justice. Thus, this also means the prohibition of interest. The prohibition of interest is one of the main factors that put Islamic economics in distance with the conventional economics. Because of this difference in nature, Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) have different types of contracts as practiced by conventional financial institutions. One of the types of contracts entered by IFIs is the Ijarah contract. Ijarah contracts are also known as Islamic leasing. Basically, this study is done in order to understand more the nature of leasing according to Islamic principles, and at the same time, the differences of ijarah with conventional leasing. In addition, this study also aims to identify the types of ijarah practiced by IFIs in Malaysia and also to see how Malaysian IFIs disclosed their ijarah financing in comparison to their counterparts in Bahrain IFIs. This is because as one ummah, it is important to have a standardized standard that is Shariah compliant...
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...ACCOUNTING THEORY AND PRACTICE (FAR 600) Teaching and Learning Arrangements (SEMESTER: JAN 2007 – APRIL 2007) COURSE CODE : FAR 600 PROGRAM : BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING (HONS) CREDIT HOURS : 4 CONTACT HOURS : 4 STATUS : CORE SYNOPSIS This financial accounting course exposes students to accounting theory, corporate accounting policies and financial reporting practices. The importance of history is introduced through a brief discussion on accounting history from both experiences of both western and Muslim Civilization. In understanding the theoretical framework of accounting, the various perspectives on financial accounting theory are examined with particular emphasis on their rationale and implications on accounting practice. General concepts of theory formulation are discussed and types of accounting perspectives and research are also introduced in this course. Corporate Accounting Policies are explained by the development of the Conceptual Framework and the Importance of a Regulatory Environment. The Standard Setting process in Malaysia is discussed. An analytical approach of the accounting standards is adopted by examining the recognition, measurement, disclosure and presentation of accounting information is discussed. Significant emphasis is placed on Asset Measurement, Nature of Liabilities, Types of Equity, Recognition of Revenue and Income Finally contemporary accounting practices and...
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...PBL 5: ROLE OF THE ORGANIZATION Bursa Malaysia (http://www.bursamalaysia.com) Bursa Malaysia is the frontline regulator of the Malaysian capital market and has the duty to maintain a fair and orderly market in the securities and derivatives that are traded through its facilities. As an integrated exchange, Bursa Malaysia also has the duty to ensure orderly dealings in the securities deposited with Bursa Malaysia, and orderly, clear and efficient clearing and settlement arrangements for transactions cleared and settled through its facilities. In furtherance of these duties, Bursa Malaysia has put in place a comprehensive and effective regulatory and supervisory framework to regulate the market and its participants, including the listed issuers and their directors and advisers, Participating Organisations, Trading Participants, Clearing Participants, Authorised Depository Agents and Authorised Direct Members. In this respect, Bursa Malaysia has issued various sets of rules to stipulate the requirements that need to be met by the regulated entities either upon admission and/or on a continuing basis. It administers and monitors compliance with these rules and takes strict, prompt and objective enforcement action for breaches of these rules. Bursa Malaysia actively supervises the listed issuers and the brokers. It also undertakes surveillance over the trading activities in the marketplace. Bursa Malaysia’s overriding objectives, in addition to discharging its statutory...
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...If you are planning on doing business in Malaysia knowledge of the investment environment and information on the legal, accounting and taxation framework are essential to keep you on the right track. Doing business in Country Name Contents Page Foreword Country Profile Regulatory environment Finance Imports Business entities Labour Financial reporting and audit Contact details 1 2 4 6 7 8 10 13 18 Doing business in Malaysia 1 Foreword SJ Grant Thornton is a member firm within Grant Thornton International. SJ Grant Thornton was established in 1974 and ever since, has progressed expeditiously in every aspect. We provide innovative, yet practical advice in a range of assurance, tax and specialist services to privately held businesses and public interest entities. Today, we are ranked as one of the leading accounting and consulting firms in Malaysia. We operate from our main office in Kuala Lumpur and other offices in Penang, Johor Bahru and Kuantan. Grant Thornton International is one of the world's leading organisations of independently owned and managed accounting and consulting firms providing assurance, tax and specialist advice to privately held businesses and public interest entities. The strength of each local firm is reflected in the quality of the international organisation. All Grant Thornton International member firms share a commitment to providing the same high quality service to their clients wherever they choose to do business. This guide has...
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...AAAJ 12,3 ``Interests'' and accounting standard setting in Malaysia Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Keywords Accounting profession, Malaysia, Standards Abstract This paper offers insights into the conflicts and tensions within the Malaysian accounting profession and the power struggle therein to dominate the accounting standard setting process, within the context of a rapidly developing country. It shows how interest groups and parochial interests, along with issues of self-protection, affected the process of standard setting, which was controlled by different interests over the period under study. At one time the profession dominated. But far from being a monolithic body, it was in turn split according to various interests: the Big Six behind the Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MACPA) and the smaller firms behind the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). At other times big business prevailed. These conflicts and power struggles are revealed through an analysis of the case of the Goodwill Accounting Standard. Selvaraj D. Susela 358 Introduction This paper offers an understanding of the struggle within the accounting profession for control of the standard setting process, in the context of a developing nation. The focus on standard setting is specially geared to reveal the impact of that process on the profession, market, state and community, and vice versa. Susela (1996) illustrates that...
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...AAAJ 12,3 ``Interests'' and accounting standard setting in Malaysia Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Keywords Accounting profession, Malaysia, Standards Abstract This paper offers insights into the conflicts and tensions within the Malaysian accounting profession and the power struggle therein to dominate the accounting standard setting process, within the context of a rapidly developing country. It shows how interest groups and parochial interests, along with issues of self-protection, affected the process of standard setting, which was controlled by different interests over the period under study. At one time the profession dominated. But far from being a monolithic body, it was in turn split according to various interests: the Big Six behind the Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MACPA) and the smaller firms behind the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). At other times big business prevailed. These conflicts and power struggles are revealed through an analysis of the case of the Goodwill Accounting Standard. Selvaraj D. Susela 358 Introduction This paper offers an understanding of the struggle within the accounting profession for control of the standard setting process, in the context of a developing nation. The focus on standard setting is specially geared to reveal the impact of that process on the profession, market, state and community, and vice versa. Susela (1996) illustrates that...
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...1. Auditors were unable to verify the aircrafts claimed to have been purchased by FCB in 2005. The audit team found around RM231m of non-functional rundown aircraft in hangar. This situation leads to potential fraud bcause those old aircrafts had high price tag.Thus, it will increase the holding cost or storage cost of the assets. Then, the auditor should conduct the common test procedure which includes the examination of vendors’ invoices and receiving reports. The auditor had to perform the physical examination of those assets in order to verify the existence of the assets with the records. It is a must for every purchase to have invoice or grant to verify the purchase. Besides that, for the purchase involving high value of asset, it must have approval from top level of company which is Board of Director. In case the aircraft is non-functional rundown, it must be disposed in order to eliminate the unnecessary expenses for the company. 2. There are increasing in debtors’ confirmation letters were returned. Reasons: those debtors had changed their mailing addresses. Perhaps the company had a phantom client. So, Mr. Chuah need to confirm the account receivable whether the address is updated or real address. Besides that, the company should be using positive confirmation letters. Besides, the service agreement should be reviewed & obtain the explanation from FCB. For control procedure, the auditor needs to review periodically the account receivable trial balance especially...
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...INTRODUCTION Development of human resource in terms of mentality and intellectual capital is one of aimed areas under Ninth Malaysia Plan in Malaysia. To enhance the core competence, Malaysia has to convert from labor-intensive goods production to utilization of human knowledge and skills. Research by Tan (2000) found that only few companies listed in Bursa Malaysia reports intangible assets and a small percent of total assets of these companies disclosed intangibles other than goodwill. Thereby, it is aimed to enhance that Malaysian companies should voluntarily disclose intellectual capital in their financial statements. This research measures to the scope length of intellectual capital disclosure and the connection between intellectual capital and corporate governance variables among Malaysian listed companies after the revision of Malaysian Corporate Code of Governance on 2007.Key amendments emphasized to the Code are based on fortifying board of directors and audit committee functions, qualification criteria for appointment, boards composition, frequency of meetings and necessity for continuos training. The code requirements enables shareholders to assess the annual report more transparently. Intellectual Capital DIsclosure Intellectual capital are intangible assets that provides value to a firm`s core competence and it consists of three components namely, tacit knowledge and innovativeness of employees, infrastructure of human capital and external relationship of the firm...
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...UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ______________________________________________________________________________ COURSE CODE : BKAF3083 COURSE : ACCOUNTING THEORY AND PRACTICE PRE-REQUISITE : BKAF3073 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING IV |Lecturer |Group |Room |Ext. |e-mail | |DR. DHIAA SHAMKI |C & F |3.07 |3740 |dhiaashamki@uum.edu.my | 1.0 SYNOPSIS This course is an advanced level course focusing on financial accounting theory; and as such, it differs from other accounting courses learnt previously. It is designed to further enhance students’ understanding of the concepts and issues in accounting theory and practices. This course involves the study of the practical and theoretical issues involved in the development, implementation and changes in accounting theories and regulatory framework. As this course will be seminal-like, this course will provide students with some generic skills required in the accounting profession such as team working, interaction, leadership, follower-ship, critical and creative thinking skills, decision making skills, analytical skills, communication skills as well as professional demeanor. 2.0 OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this course, students are expected: 2.1 to understand...
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...What are the benefits of international financial reforting standards since thier adaption at the beginnng of the 21st? essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY International Financial reporting Standards IFRS as a recent accounting phenomenon has drawn the attentions of Accountant, financial institutions and financial managers, multinational companies, government, financial regulatory institutions and in all the participants in capital market. This research is aim at examining the benefits of IFRS as against the present realities in the 21st century. In this work , review of literatures was carried out to ascertain the reasons for the adoption of IFRS, comparison were also made between existing US GAAP and IFRS using SWOT analysis in order to establish efficiency over other national GAAP. And from the report we can see that the usefulness of internationally recognized standard cannot be over emphasized as it cuts across all the spheres of the economy. Like the capital market, investors, globally etc. The research also established the improvement that IFRS upheld through its transparency, transactional cost reduction and reduction in complexity of financial statement. This is due to multiplicity of standards, although some weaknesses were encountered in the use of the standard. These include that the standard is principled based which makes it difficult to be compared with the other standards. We have also analysed the need for enforcement of the standard so that it will be same globally. There...
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...International Journal of Business and Management December, 2009 Auditor Independence: Malaysian Accountants’ Perceptions Nur Barizah Abu Bakar (Corresponding author) Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia PO Box, 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 60-19-288-4540 E-mail: nur.barizah@gmail.com Maslina Ahmad Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia PO Box, 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: maslina@iiu.edu.my Abstract Independence is the primary justification of the existence, and thus the hallmark of the auditing profession. It is recognized as the primary attribute to be maintained by auditors in all circumstances. This study attempts to explore the determinants of auditor independence as perceived by Malaysian accountants using a self-administered mail survey. It was evidenced from the survey that size of audit fees is the most important factor, followed by competition, size of audit firm, tenure, provision of management advisory service and finally audit committee. More specifically, the study indicates that (1) larger size of audit fees, (2) audit firms operating in a higher level of competitive environments, (3) smaller audit firms, (4) audit firms serving a given client over a longer duration, (5) audit firms providing MAS, and, (6) the non-existence of an audit committee, are perceived as having a higher risk of...
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...1.0 Introduction Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) is an air freight services and ground handling company. Its company’s operations cover Asian Pacific region including China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and many more. Their main customers are United Parcel Services (UPS), City Link and Nationwide Express. The main shareholder for FCB is Bangor Sdn Bhd which is part of Miri Group represented by 26.5% of the company interest. Kencana & Associates is the auditor company that audit FCB’s account. The leader of the auditors is Mr Chuah Mun Soong. The auditing team found some irregularities in accounting record of FCB. There are two parties which Mr Chuah has to report, they are his superior, Mr Keong Chee Wah and FCB Audit Committee. However, Mr Chuah concerns that FCB might have a fraud due to the past experience such as Media Com and Blue Vital. 2.0 The Root Cause of the Problems As per our discussion about this case study, we managed to find out several root cause of the problems. 2.1 Rising of Oil Price The first root cause is the rising in oil price in the year 2005. In the year 2005, there was an international crisis occurred with the exceptional increase in oil prices. The hike started in mid-2004 at US$40 per barrel but eventually, the increase continued to stages of US$50, US$60, US$65, US$70 and US$80 per barrel. The price hike in fuel surcharges drastically affected the freight forwarding industry significantly because of its reliance on fuel for operations. This...
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...ANNUAL REPORT ANALYSIS - GROUP PROJECT Corporate Governance Analysis I | Group Members:i. NASSRAH NAZIRRAH BT ADENANii. NUR AMIRAH BT ZAKARIAiii. SITI NUR MARLIA BT MOHAMED GHAZALIiv. WAN AUNI NADIA BT ABU BAKAR SIDIK | Matrix No:2013245798201345120420138048862013294204 | II | Name of Company: | CIMB Group Holding Berhad | III | Year | 2012 | | No of pages | 1-270 | 1 | Vision or Mission:reflects (if any) If not available then just state “NOT AVAILABLE”Shareholder Theory Stakeholder Theory | Vision : To be the leading Asean CompanyMission : The company want to provide Universal Banking Services as a high-performance, institutionalized and integrated company located in Asean and key market beyong, and to champion the acceleration of Asean integration and the region’s links to the rest of the world. | 2 | Read chairman’s statement:Identify any strategies and when you read the statement just try to figure out whether the strategies or activities mentioned relates to either a shareholder or a stakeholder perspective & write your findings in the column provided. | RECORD PROFITIn 2012 is CIMB Group’s most profitability year yet, as creating value for our shareholder is a foundation of everything we do. I. We added or expanded operations in Sydney, Melbourne, Hong Kong, Taipei, Seoul, London and New York through the acquisition of some Asia Pasific units of the Royal Bank of Scotland II. We remain in discussion to purchase a majority stake in the Bank of Commerce in...
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...permission of the Securities Commission Malaysia. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Corporate governance blueprint 2011 : towards excellence in corporate governance Bibliography : p. 77 ISBN 978–983–9386–67–7 1. Corporate governance--Malaysia. 2. Industrial management. 1. Suruhanjaya Sekuriti Malaysia. 658.4009595 Cataloguing-in-Publication Data This book is printed using eco-friendly recyclable and bio-degradable paper CONTENTS FOREWORD BY MINISTER OF FINANCE II, MALAYSIA MESSAGE FROM CHAIRMAN OF THE SECURITIES COMMISSION MALAYSIA INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 v vii 1 5 SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS CHAPTER 2 13 ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS CHAPTER 3 21 THE BOARD’S ROLE IN GOVERNANCE – – – – ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES INDEPENDENCE OF THE BOARD COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD COMMITMENT OF BOARD MEMBERS 43 CHAPTER 4 DISCLOSURE AND TRANSPARENCY CHAPTER 5 53 ROLE OF GATEKEEPERS AND INFLUENCERS CHAPTER 6 61 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 69 75 77 79 FOREWORD by YB DATO’ SERI AHMAD HUSNI HANADZLAH Minister of Finance II, Malaysia Malaysia is transforming itself into a high-income nation by 2020. The New Economic Model (NEM) and the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) provide the economic framework to significantly increase...
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...BACKGROUND OF STUDY To be a developed nation, it is important for industries, and the country, as a whole, to achieve global competitiveness. In this respect, the IMP3 has adopted the overall theme ‘Malaysia - Towards Global Competitiveness’ and other countries also working towards on that. Industries must strive for global competitiveness through the transformation and innovation of the manufacturing and services sectors. According to The Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) SMEs account for close to 99 % of all the establishments in the manufacturing, services and agricultural sector, provide around 65% of total employment and it is expected that the value added production of SMEs to be around RM120 billion or 50 % of total production in the manufacturing sector by 2020. Malaysian SME contribution to the GDP was only 32 percent in 2006 compared to that of 40 percent in the United States, 57 percent in Germany, 55 percent in Japan, 60 percent in China, 57 percent in Indonesia and Thailand at 38.9 percent. Innovation and the capacity to innovate are among the most important factors that affect an organizations competitiveness and performance SMEs due their small size, limited managerial capabilities, as well as limited resources do face a challenging task in innovating. SMEs as compared to larger firms are weakly structured in innovation, low market power and scarcity of resources in order to appropriate the benefit of their innovation. In...
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