...The Role of Perception in decision-making process. TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers The Role of Perception in the Decision Making Process In: The Role of Perception in the Decision Making Process The Role of Perception in the Decision Making Process. Your name Name of Institution The Role of Perception in the Decision Making Process Perception is more important than reality. It doesn’t matter what is reality if a person views it differently. One’s behavior is a direct result of the way he or she sees things. Two people may experience an event together, a car accident, for example; when interviewed there will be similarity in their accounts, but each will have a unique interpretation of the details. Why is this? According to Stephen P. Robbins, “The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important,” (Robbins, 2005, p. 134). Because people act on their perceptions, each person’s perception is his or her reality. This explains how reality can be different for different people. Perception must be considered in organizational behavior. Perception effects management decisions, whether deciding to hire a new employee, giving a performance review, or making a major decision regarding the direction to take their business. Perception also determines an employee’s job satisfaction and performance...
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...The Role of Perception in the Decision Making Process. Your name Name of Institution The Role of Perception in the Decision Making Process Perception is more important than reality. It doesn’t matter what is reality if a person views it differently. One’s behavior is a direct result of the way he or she sees things. Two people may experience an event together, a car accident, for example; when interviewed there will be similarity in their accounts, but each will have a unique interpretation of the details. Why is this? According to Stephen P. Robbins, “The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important,” (Robbins, 2005, p. 134). Because people act on their perceptions, each person’s perception is his or her reality. This explains how reality can be different for different people. Perception must be considered in organizational behavior. Perception effects management decisions, whether deciding to hire a new employee, giving a performance review, or making a major decision regarding the direction to take their business. Perception also determines an employee’s job satisfaction and performance. Factors influencing perception are threefold, the perceiver, the situation, and the target or subject (Robbins, 2005, p. 135). One interprets situations or information in light of his or her own attitudes and experiences. If a person has had positive experiences in a similar situation, or with a similar type of manager...
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...The Merger: Transition Plan I ORG 502 September 18, 2009 Transition Plan I The purpose of this Transition Plan is to document the process of changes that are necessary to make the merger-acquisition succeed for Merger’s Inc. First the discussion highlights issues that occur during a transition followed by utilization of motivation concepts. Next, this plan will discuss the importance of employee job satisfaction in relation to departmental performance. Lastly, a brief discussion will ensue regarding perceptions and their role in decision making. Expected issues with merger A number of problems will manifest before, during, and after the merger and acquisition process. One key element to be considered is job roles. “Some executives may have a bitter taste in their mouths about how negotiations unfolded or be resentful of the outcome, causing hard feelings about titles, roles, responsibilities and compensation” (Miles & Bennett, 2008, p. 60). In addition, rumors and cliques can be damaging to companies in the midst of a merger and acquisition; for example, “Cliques are harmful because they contribute significantly to information asymmetries within the top management team and slow down the team’s development” (Miles & Bennett 2008, p. 63). Rumors create misinformation and elevate uncertainty amongst all lines of employment from the top, down. Rumors must be contained and eliminated immediately. The selection process during and after a merger and...
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...The decision making is about both perception and rationality towards the problem or situation. Both decision makings are not perfect in an economic view, and both involve consequences that may arise. The rational decisions presuppose the best possible outcome and also reduce chances of potential risks and biases in the decision making process. Despite its accuracy, most everyday life decisions are made by individual’s perceptions due to its high demand in time and bound rationality. The perceptual decision makings are quick-step thinking process and can be effective in everyday activities. However, these perceptual decisions can be impinged upon the perceptual errors or distortions, leading to failure in selecting right decisions. In economic view, these perceptual decisions can be employed by entrepreneurs or managers to increment their assets of the organisations. Therefore manager should concentrate on both rationality and perception to make more appropriate decision making. The rational decision making is a systematic process in identifying problems and generating most logical, effective choice to address the problem. To make rational decisions, the information must be sufficient and reliable, and low on risk level. The decision’s rationality depends on the specification of models, and different models impose different rational decisions. Managers evaluate these rational decisions and select the optimal decision. Marcel (2011, p. 371) states that a real-life decision problems...
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...as members of a group/society, and also the impact of consumerism in the contemporary environment. To understand the behavior of consumers – decision making, post-purchase behavior, behavior in a shopping environment, etc. To understand the behavior of organizations as consumers. |REFERENCE BOOKS |AUTHOR / PUBLICATION | |Consumer Behavior |ICMR | |Consumer Behavior, 5e |Leon G Schiffman and Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Prentice-Hall, India | |Consumer Behavior |Hawkins, Best & Coney, McGraw Hill | |Consumer Behavior |Blackwell, Miniard & Engel, Thomson | |Consumer Behavior |Solomon, Prentice Hall | |Consumer Behavior: Concepts & Applications |David Loudon, Albert Della Bitta, Tata McGraw Hill | Detailed Syllabus Introduction to Consumer Behavior: Definition, Role of Consumer Behavior in...
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...Running head: ARGUMENT AND COLLABORATION Perception elskandisa University of Phoenix Perception Perception is how a person makes sense of the world around them. Individuals use stimulation and senses to make judgments about people, places and things. Each person has a different perspective of certain stimulation which gives them a sense of his/her surroundings. This explains how two individuals can witness an event, yet perceive the same event in different ways. Individuals are constantly being bombarded by stimulation of his/her environment that affects his/her physical senses. Because each individual has a filter that was shaped by his/her childhood and life experiences, they may only focus on things that are familiar, blocking out important information that would allow them to make informed decisions. Individuals perceive stimulation he/she are used to, which satisfies basic needs such as emotions, attitudes and self awareness. An individual’s perception may be flawed if they misinterpret the event, leading to perceptual errors. Each individual selectively picks up on cues that influence his/her perception of the event. Often individuals interpret or project the behavior of others, thus possibly seeing themselves in the role of the person being judged. It is often said that perception is reality. What a manager or co-worker sees or perceives to be reality is very real to him/her. Thus this can cause perceptual processes to determine behavior...
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...background knowledge of management attending to reach the summit of the Mountain Everest. It is required to complete by a group of students and students play one of five different roles on a team of hiker. Each member of the team has their unique goals to complete and there is also a common goal of reaching the Everest summit. During the simulated six-day climb, team members should analyze information on weather, health conditions, supplies, goals and hiking speed, and then determine how much of that information need to communicate with their teammates. Every decision that each member made will influence the team performance eventually. The aim for this simulation is to explore influences on collective decision-making, including opposing interests and cognitive biases, analyze different leadership approaches and team responses. Our group members include Raymond Duong, Anthony Le, James Peter Reid, Jialing Guo, Siqi Liu, Kazuya Ogino and Biljana Popovic. Our team score is 57% at the first time and only 28% at the second time. The quite low score our group earned may because the more risky decisions we made compare with the first attempt and lack of the knowledge of management. This report will summary the simulation experience and analysis the result of our group in the simulation by focusing on decision-making and the theory of attribution. Table of Content Executive...
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...Intro Many factors go into the process a consumer has to deal with when negotiating through the process of buying goods and services. There are psychological and social processes that may have an influence consumer behavior. Some of those influences come from the process developed by the marketing communications. There is also a relationship between the consumer traits and their purchasing behaviors that will be evaluated in this paper. Culture also is important to consumer behavior and can affect regional and social needs. Finally, consumers are analytical and can interpret marketing messages to benefit their needs. All these points will be evaluated and explored in this paper on consumer traits and behaviors. Psychological and Social Processes that Influence Consumer Behavior Consumers are driven by the desire to satisfy needs when they decide to make a purchase. Many of these needs are considered to be our Innate or primary needs. These needs are the physiological needs that we, as humans, require to help keep us alive, things such as food, air, water, shelter and sex. The satisfying of these physical needs are only a part, although a major one, of what drives us to buy the things we need. The problem with humans is that we are not completely satisfied with meeting our physical needs, but we also have to satisfy our Acquired needs or secondary needs. Just like the satisfaction of our innate needs helps us to feel good about our physical self. The...
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...education (Robbins & Judge, 2015) after school and started working in the sales. My mom pursued a diploma in art as she and her whole side of the family had that natural artistic flair. My dad and mom met when he was in the military service stationed in Upington, and strangely he first had eyes on my mom’s sister but after meeting both my mom and her sister my dad said that my mom was the girl he was going to marry after their first date. My brother and I were very different from an early age, I believe that due to the fact that I realised early on that my parents had to work really hard to keep the household together I took on adult responsibilities early in my life (Robbins & Judge, 2015). I believe that I had certain perceptions (Robbins & Judge, 2015) that my friends and other family members where more financially stable than our family which generated a feeling of being very responsible about life and money from a very early age (Robbins & Judge, 2015). Even though I was growing up during...
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...Introduction Families especially parents can play a pivotal role in the decisions students with disabilities make regarding transition services. Review of research indicates that there has not been much research conducted regarding student perceptions of the influence family members have on decision made regarding transition services. So this would lead to the question how much do family members influence the decisions of students when they are determining transition services. Understanding the role that families play in the decision making of these students will be extremely important in the vocational rehabilitation process. Having this information will enable rehabilitation professionals to determine the most productive way to interact with the student. This information will also provide the...
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...professionals, CPAs perform an essential role in society. They are responsible to all those who use their professional services. They also have a continuing responsibility to improve the art of accounting, maintain the public’s confidence, and carry out the profession’s special responsibilities for self-governance. However, the role of a CPA in helping businesses come up with a good and effective decision-making is said to be one of the important responsibilities of a CPA. The many traditional roles of a CPA in assisting businesses take on even greater importance in a volatile economic environment. CPAs are relied upon so much because of not only their keen analytical and decision-making skills but also their objectivity, integrity and dedication to service. Many CPAs provide services well beyond accounting, auditing and reporting. The consumer often expects a CPA to be proficient at many specializations, even those just indirectly related to the traditional role of an accountant. The CPA's role has been quickly expanding, and one leading CPA proposed that the term CPA more appropriately stand for Certified Professional Advisor. (www.picpa.org) A CPA is much more than its definition of Certified Public Accountant. The term certified refers to the licensing to carry on business as a CPA and meeting the standards as promulgated by the American Institute of CPAs and the various state societies. The term public accountant refers to the role as an accountant, who handles...
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...professionals, CPAs perform an essential role in society. They are responsible to all those who use their professional services. They also have a continuing responsibility to improve the art of accounting, maintain the public’s confidence, and carry out the profession’s special responsibilities for self-governance. However, the role of a CPA in helping businesses come up with a good and effective decision-making is said to be one of the important responsibilities of a CPA. The many traditional roles of a CPA in assisting businesses take on even greater importance in a volatile economic environment. CPAs are relied upon so much because of not only their keen analytical and decision-making skills but also their objectivity, integrity and dedication to service. Many CPAs provide services well beyond accounting, auditing and reporting. The consumer often expects a CPA to be proficient at many specializations, even those just indirectly related to the traditional role of an accountant. The CPA's role has been quickly expanding, and one leading CPA proposed that the term CPA more appropriately stand for Certified Professional Advisor. (www.picpa.org) A CPA is much more than its definition of Certified Public Accountant. The term certified refers to the licensing to carry on business as a CPA and meeting the standards as promulgated by the American Institute of CPAs and the various state societies. The term public accountant refers to the role as an accountant, who handles...
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...Utilizing Rational and Perception Decision-Making A decision could lead us to satisfactory outcomes or, unfortunately a disastrous situation. Especially in the world of business, the complexity and uncertainty of the environment make the process of decision-making very significant in the execution of management. Top managers may differ in style in having decision-making. Some tend to rely on a rational decision making approach while some tend to rely on perceptual decision-making. Some may argue that decision-making is about perception rather than rational, therefore, managers should concentrate on perception decision-making. Instead, these two methods have a completely different process and doctrine. Therefore, due to distinct circumstances, managers should decide which one is more appropriate or even combining the two kind of style to make a wise decision. The following essay will first demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of both rational and perception decision-making style, then try to examine how they can be combined to optimize the outcome. According to Mintzberg and Wesley (2001), the process of rational decision-making begins with defining the environment, followed by diagnosing the situation, then designing possible alternatives for settlement and finally selecting the optimal solution to undertake. This process emphasizes on planning and analyzing based on known facts. In other words, to begin, managers should first undertake market research in order to...
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...Organizational Structure and Roles | “All the world's a stage And all the men and women are merely players They have their exits and their entrances And one man in his time plays many parts” – by William Shakespeare | | | | | 06-May-12 | Contents Title 3 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3 Roles 3 Attitudes and relationship of Attitudes with Roles 3 Organizational Structures 3 Organizational Structures Effect on Roles and Attitudes 3 Mechanistic Structure 3 Organic Structure 3 Moderate Mechanistic and Organic Structure 3 Phases of innovation, Mechanic versus Organics 3 Case study, Sunshine Real Estate 3 Sunshine Real Estate organizational design 3 Sunshine Real Estate organizational culture 3 Implications of Sunshine Real Estate’s three structural properties on employee role perception and attitudes 3 Work Specialization 3 Centralization 3 Formalization 3 Conclusion 3 References 3 APPENDIX 3 A: Organizational Structure Elements and Types of Structures 3 B:Elements Associated with Roles and Attitudes 3 C: Survey Analysis 3 Title The project attempts to explore the relationship between organizational structure, roles and attitudes under distinct corporate structural conditions. Executive Summary Organizational design in a sense is similar to the structure of bones in human body. It is a skeleton or framework upon which organizations are built and maintained. Organizations in creating organizational designs...
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...The Role of the Manager When the economy fell to its worse several years ago, businesses tried to minimize their loss by cutting expense. Many businesses were downsized, causing the remaining employees to have more workloads. Many others replaced their workers with technology to reduce the need for manual labour and costs. However, no longer is job security a major concern, but rather it is getting most out of the workforce by establishing empowered teams. The traditional role of the manager can be described as very strict. Their job is to give out orders and expect them to be done the right way. If not done correctly, managers are to hold people accountable and discipline them. Should a decision be made, managers will be the one to make it. The practice of creating “empowered teams” is becoming more popular in the workplace. No longer is job security a major concern, but rather getting most out of the workforce by establishing empowered teams. Empowered teams are typically broken down into three kinds: (1) quality circles—groups of employees who focus specifically on quality problems in delivery of the products or services; (2) Total Quality Service (TQS) teams—groups of employees who focus on business activities as a set of processes that can be improved and (3) self-directed teams—groups of employees who manage themselves and assume responsibility. Each type of team involves change in the traditional perception of the manager who should be left with the decision-making...
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