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Role of Profit

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Scarcity is the basic economic problem that arises since people have unlimited wants but limited resources. Hence, economic decisions must be made to allocate resources efficiently. In this topic, the role of profit in a market economy would be analyse below. Profit plays an important role in economy, it is a motivation for production activity assumed by an organisation. Every company tries to minimize their cost and maximizing their profit. This means that, profit can be an indicator for business to allocate their resources. Hence, firm can put their resources into a market that able to help them generates profit. Moreover, organisation will produce at where the market demand (Marginal revenue, MR) intersects market supply (Marginal Cost, MC). Therefore, business can make a distinction between different types of profit. (Normal profit, abnormal profit and subnormal profit) The graph below shows the equilibrium quantity where quantity of demanded equals to quantity of supplies.

Allocative efficiency occurs when resources are distributed in such a way that no consumers could be made better off without other consumers becoming worse off. This means that the quantity of goods and services should produce at optimal quantity that maximises society needs and satisfaction. For example, people wants CDs more than cassette tapes. Then allocate more resources to produce more CDs than cassette tapes.
To achieve allocative efficiency, marginal social benefit (MSB) has to equals to marginal social cost (MSC), in order to produce at optimal level of output. Marginal social cost is the total cost to society as a whole for producing one further unit or taking one further action in an economy whereas marginal social benefit is the total benefit to society for consuming one extra unit of a good.

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