...explosion of social media. This has not only changed how people interact and communicate with each other, it has also had a massive effect on how consumers interact with organisations and businesses. With this in mind, public relations practitioners must now consider how to engage their audience whilst embracing social media as part of an integrated public relations strategy. The term “social media” commonly refers to online social networking sites and blogs and has been proclaimed as leading a universal change that allows instantaneous worldwide, connected communication (Weaver Lariscy et al., 2009, p.314). Where traditional public relations methods such as press releases and statements, can be viewed as being structured and more of a scripted and guarded approach (Anonymous, 2010, p.1), social media has the ability to facilitate a more open engagement method tailored for the target audience, which can be effectively implemented within a multi faceted approach to gain rapid momentum for the organisation as it grows and evolves. Ultimately social media can be the element of a public relations strategy that ‘cuts to the chase’ and delivers the desired messaging to the audience and engages by provided an opportunity for two-way communication and a forum for public opinion, both good and bad (Hudson, 2010, pp.210-1). With this in mind, social media tactics must be aligned with the organisations overall campaign goals and branding and work in conjunction with other tactics. An...
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...INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES and ROLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ADVERTISING IN INVESTMENT PROMOTION IN NIGERIA By Ciboh Comfort Msughter DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY MAKURDI NIGERIA Nigeria has attractive environment for investment because Nigeria is a large market and the second largest economy in the continent. Investment in real estate The high demand for houses and limited availability of it has led to exorbitant cost of land and houses. This has made real estate investment opportunity more lucrative for investors. Agriculture The agricultural potential of Nigeria is barely being tapped and investment opportunities exist in seed production and distribution, fertilizer production and distribution, machinery and equipment, livestock and poultry, food processing Solid minerals Opportunities exist for the exploitation and export of natural gas, bitumen, limestone, coal, tin, columbite, gold, silver, lead-zinc, gypsum, glass sands, clays, asbestos, graphite, and iron ore, among others Power sector The power sector reform has moved the sector from the position of government ownership/management to a private-sector driven. Investment opportunities exist for power generation (gas, hydro, coal, wind, solar, etc) for local and foreign investors to build, own and operate and/or transfer independent electricity. Oil and gas sector Foreign and domestic investors are being encouraged through improved...
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...The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expands access to coverage to millions of Americans, a goal health plans have long supported, but major provisions will raise costs and disrupt coverage for individuals, families, employers, and Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. The broad market reforms outlined in the ACA take effect on January 1, 2014. Individuals and families purchasing insurance in the individual market will be guaranteed coverage for pre-existing conditions, and their premiums cannot vary based on their gender or medical history. There will also be subsidies to help consumers afford the cost of coverage, and new health insurance exchanges will help consumers find the policies that best meet their needs. At the same time, other provisions take effect that will significantly increase the cost of coverage, such as the health insurance tax, minimum essential benefits, and restrictions on age rating. $52 billion in new taxes will be imposed on businesses by mandating that employers provide health insurance. New taxes on drug companies ($27 billion) and medical device makers ($20 billion), as well as new reporting requirements and regulations imposed on physicians, will make access to health care and services more costly and difficult for seniors under Obamacare.The cumulative impact of all of these provisions increases the likelihood that some individuals will choose to purchase insurance only after they become sick or injured, further increasing the cost of coverage for everyone...
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...Corporate Social Responsibilities 1. Introduction According to Argenti,Pul.A (2007) Many companies have a separate subfunction in the human resources area to deal with community relations and a foundation close to the chairman that deals with philanthropy, but the two should be tied closely together ascompaies take on responsiblities in communities in which they operate.When constitiuencies involved and the most importantthis hs in shaping the imge of the firm, this subfunction also needs to be housed within the corporte communication function where very closely with it. Sustainable development is an idea of ensuring better quality of life which aims to protect environment, enhance social progress, use natural resources prudently and maintain high and stable economic growth. CSR is believed to have a significant influence on corporate sustainability. In the business context, CSR has emerged as a form of sustainability governance with advantages to the economic, environment and social progress. In terms of governance through policy implementation, CSR can be practiced in a strategic manner with better understanding. Policy framework can be designed using a mixture of regulations, economic instruments and communication strategies which significantly affects the environmental and social impacts from corporate activities. This might influence the level of corporate sustainability(Chamhuri Siwar and Siti Haslina Md Harizan,2008). Companies are aware that they...
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...4) EXPLAIN THE NEED FOR ETHICAL PUBLIC RELATIONS IN RELATION TO THE CONSCIENCE OF AN ORGANIZATION. The importance of ethics is not only visible in public relations alone; on the contrary it encompasses each and every aspect of our daily life. The public relations of organisations that lack ethical principles are bound to fail sooner or later. The field of ethics, also called moral philosophy, involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. It is defined by Parsons (2008:28) as the application of knowledge, understanding and reasoning to questions of right or wrong behavior. With this definition one can say that ethics are personal values system that each person uses to judge the right or wrong behaviour in others. In public relations discipline, ethics includes values such as honesty openness, loyalty, respect, integrity and forthright communication. Careful and consistent ethical analyses facilitate trust, which enhances the building and maintenance of relationships- after all, that is the ultimate purpose of the public relations function, (Bowen, 2008). Thus this essay will explain the need for ethical public relations in relation to the conscience of an organisation. Organisations accomplish more of their long term goals when they integrate some of what publics want, meaning that the management engages in an ongoing relationship of give and take with the publics. Scholars (Goodpaster & Matthews, 1982; J. E. Grunig & L. A. Grunig...
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... | |Public Relations | | | Unit 1 Unit 1 Introduction to Public Relations Introduction The Public Relations Environment Public relations play an important role in contributing towards mutual understanding among groups and institution in return helping our convoluted society to make decisions and function effectively. It successfully harmonizes private and public policies. Public relations has a significant role in diverse institution of society such as businesses, trade unions, government agencies, voluntary associations, foundations, hospitals, schools, colleges and religious institutions. To flourish or to achieve set targets, these institutions must communicate within or with outer world such as remote employees, members, customers, local communities, share holders and other institutions. The targeted institutional goals can only be achieved if the management knows the mindset and values of their people. The external environment has a great influence on setting up of goals. The public relations practitioner acts as a communication bridge between management and their subordinates, helps them to achieve their private aims through acceptable public policy and action. In cooperation with management, public relations encompass the following: ...
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...consist of also forums, blogs, picture sharing, video sharing, message boards, RSS, podcasts, search engine marketing, other networking sites and microblogging sites (Wright and Hinson 2009). However people usually think of Facebook and Twitter when it comes to social media but there are many types of social media such as LinkedIn, Blogs, microblogging and online news. (Wright and Hinson 2009) 2.1.2 Social media impacts in PR practices Those who practice public relations have believed to have grown in terms of its precision and trustworthiness by using social media and other developing media (Gordon 2010). Furthermore, they agreed to a certain extend that these new media will turn to be an overseer for traditional news media that will impact corporate and organizational transparency and ethical culture. New media will outrun traditional media and turning to a key of the future (Gordon 2010). Blogs is one of the important tools in Public Relations Practices. Blogs popularity has increased reason being Public Relations Pratitioners are able to express themselves as it gives the liberation from...
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...Public Relations Defined Jason E. Green MKT 438 January 20, 2013 Robert Etter Public Relations Defined The purpose of this paper is to define public relation and identify some reasons why so many different definitions exist in our modern society. As well as to categorize the different definition and how they interrelate. The initial thoughts that were gathered regarding public relation is that it is a planned process to stimulate the thinking of an audience by offering a solid character that displays sound judgment, which is achieved by a communicating with the audience to persuade there thinking. As further research were conducted the idea that few words can define such a broad concept became infrequent, which demonstrated that further research and in-depth thinking was necessary. Although common thinking would align marketing with public relations the two seem like separate ideas and ideals that once harmoniously aligned can translate in a successful image campaign. According to Fraser P. Seitel one of the most ambitious searches for a universal definition was conducted and commissioned in 1975 by the Foundation of Public Relation Research and Education. The leaders in the field of public relations analyzed 472 different descriptions and explanation and offered an 88-word sentence: “Public relations is a distinctive management function which helps establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance, and cooperation between an organization...
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...Public Relations Journal Vol. 4, No. 4, Fall 2010 ISSN 1942-4604 © 2010 Public Relations Society of America Public Relations Management at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital: A Case Study Erika H. Powelson, and Kenneth D. Plowman, Ph.D., APR The healthcare industry in the United States is changing at record speed, especially in California. California has seen the emergence of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's) and the drastic effects they have had on the hospital environment. These changes are occurring throughout the organization and affect everything from ordering of supplies to length of patient stay. It has also caused great changes in one particular area of the hospital—the public relations and marketing departments. The purpose of this case study was to explain communications management during a certain period of time to ensure no encroachment on the current state of public relations for the Community and Physician Relations Department (CPRD) at Lucile Salter Packard Children's hospital at Stanford (LPCH). The change in this department reflects the overall trend in healthcare marketing and the need for hospitals to promote themselves to stay profitable. The San Francisco Bay area is being hit particularly hard by all these changes and prediction that several hospitals may close in the near future. One goal of the CPRD is to educate the community about the hospital so they will use and pay for its services. Another goal is to encourage physicians...
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...Kate Finch completed a study on the popular HBO series, True Blood. The research was an analysis of the Vampire Rights Amendment through public relations in pop culture and the theme of post feminism. The research is about the view post feminism view of public relations in pop culture using True Blood as a model. It shows the use of promotion, persuasion and public relations to draw in an audience. “Views interpretations are profoundly influenced by the social discourse in which they are interrelated.” (Brunsdon and Spigel,, 2007, pg. 260) It is important cause it gives the audience a deeper view of the feminism culture in popular culture, while allowing people to people it in the form of a television show that they would be able to spot and...
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...THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN INDONESIA By: Nabila (1406546866) A survey was conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor in Fortune Magazine and U.S. News and World Report said that public relation is one of the fastest growing professions. A public relations is a profession that is needed by all the organization, business, and other sectors. Many common people said that public relations practitioners are only depend on the how well they speak. However, the job that public relations practitioners should do pretty much tough. Not only talking, they have to be able to do many things like giving an advice to the CEO, solving of the organization problem, and evaluating the organizational programs, etc. More definitions on public relations have been determined. These are several definitions of public relations from some experts as follow: Otis Baskin, et.al stated that “Public relations is a management function that helps achieve organizational objective, defines philosophy, and facilitate organizational change. Public relations practitioners communicate with all relevant internal and external publics to develop positive relationships and to create consistency between organizational goals and social expectation.”. While Cuplit in Ihut Murni Aritonang, et.al defined that “Public Relations is the management function that establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the public on whom its success or failure depends.” Another definition...
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...FROM ‘STRATEGY’ TO ‘CORPORATE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY’: A CONCEPTUALISATION Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGY STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLICS 1 1 1 1 2 2 3. APPROACHES TO THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIETY AS A METATHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 THE SHAREHOLDER APPROACH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/ETHICAL APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE APPROACH THE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH THE ISSUES APPROACH THE ‘CORPORATE COMMUNITY’ APPROACH CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 4.1 STRATEGY AS THE MAJOR CONCEPT 4.2 THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3 THE LEVELS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3.1 Enterprise strategy 4.3.2 Corporate strategy 4.3.3 Business-unit strategy 4.3.4 Functional strategy 4.3.5 Operational strategy 4.3.6 Conclusion 4.4 THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 Environmental analysis 4.4.2 Goal formulation 4.4.3 Strategic thinking and...
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...occupational standing.” (Piezka & L’Etang, 2006, 270). Discuss this in the light of professionalism in the public relations industry Professionalism in public relations is a multifaceted construct that discusses the ethical standards and skills required for PR practitioners and some of the criteria that are central to the profession are a body of knowledge, ethical practice, certification, importance to society and review by peers (Grunig & Hunt, 1984). The core professional value that serves as the ethos for the whole profession is the foremost among these criteria (Grunig, 2000), however, some practitioners discount it for its lack of pragmatics due to failing to master communication techniques that are known by the average citizen, people today who call themselves public relations practitioners still do not measure up to professional standards and lack of training (J. Grunig & L. Grunig, 1992; Grunig & Hunt, 1984; Dozier, Grunig, & Grunig, 1995). Several issues are identified from this definition for the core professional value that serves as the ethos for professionalism in PR. The issues shall be the discussion of the use of professionalism in the PR industry. As PR is a specialised professional occupation encompassed with its own set of values and beliefs, debates on the role of the professionalism development and education are inevitable among the public. To have a breakthrough in the profession, the profession should not be confined to restrictions of values...
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...Essay By: Hana Ismail Adem Completed: May 20th 2011 Essay By: Hana Ismail Adem Completed: May 20th 2011 1. How important is Corporate Social Responsibility? What role will public relations play in an organization's CSR efforts and how, if at all, will it differ from the role it plays today? In the past, there was always a concern for corporate social responsibility, but it is only recently that this concept strongly emerged. The idea that companies can serve a much greater social purpose besides that of making profits is now widespread across the corporate world. Herein, there arises the so-called concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is when companies focus so much on achieving social welfare and in this way, steer the spotlight away from their usual “bottom line” mindset. Corporate social responsibility therefore seeks to balance out the effects of private interest and public welfare in an organization. Moreover, its importance can be highlighted by understanding how it is constantly used nowadays to help establish clear boundaries between the interests of the different stakeholders existing in a particular firm. In the current competitive business environment, CSR enables employees to treat every one of corporate counterparts responsibly in order to grow and make profits. In the frame of this logic, having a corporate social policy and maintaining a responsible attitude towards stakeholders generates great results. This can be achieved...
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...Public Relations William Saul Introduction Defining the Public Relation becomes broad and argumentative because of how it is being used. The extent of using the concept has touched many activities that makes the real meaning of it so complicated to refer to. The concept is being interpreted in many ways as to how an individual or an organization uses it in its own benefit. Businesses uses Public Relations to communicate with their market, it is used as part of their marketing strategy where good image is created from the perspective and point of view of their market or consumers. In other sector such as Government or Politicians, public relation is used as to build image and gives impression and definition of their jobs, position and responsibilities. While to any individuals, it is used as a form to communicate, interact and build relationship with others. Technology plays an important role of the changes of the perspective of how Public Relation should be actually used. Technology changes the ways as to how public relations is supposed to be put into application and practice where the old and formal ways in doing it is being innovated due to what internet can offer. It becomes more less engaged, less interacting yet becomes more easy and fast as to what social media can offer. With Internet and Technology the activities associated to be doing as a form of public relations evolved along with how technology has bring changes to every individual perspective. It evolve...
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