.... . and their society had no counterbalancing conservation ethic. ” Despite that Roman and Greek Gods where Gods of nature - the mother of earth – Terra to the Romans and Gaia to the Greeks. Not to mention their way to abuse animals: Both the Egyptians and Greeks were determined hunters. They forced many larger animals (such as the lions in upper Egypt and in Greece) to extinction. But the Roman Empire had a far greater destructive impact on the fauna of the ancient world than did its predecessors. Not only were animals hunted for skins, feathers, and ivory, but multitudes were captured for use in "games".” Throughout Human history it is proved that not only the Judeo-Christians had tendencies to exploit nature from natural resources. In a realistic sense I think that the words of the Bible can’t be blamed for the consumeristic behavior people have today but as René Dubos states “if men are more destructive now than they were in the past, it is because they have at their command...
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...Introduction The period between 1870 and 1913 has often been referred to as Mach-1, in reference to the speed of economic growth that it presented. This was a period of peace especially when its compared to what came soon after. Under the Hegemonic leadership of Great Britain, Trade and the movement of people with and within Europe grew at rates that were then unprecedented. All these gains crumbled just before the start of the Great War of 1914. For the next thirty years attempts were made to bring the world economy to its glory years without any success. At this point, nation states had retreated back to protectionism and a wave of national identity and anger of one state against another was sweeping across Europe. State debts, the just ended war, Fascism, Nazism and other various anti-International economic policies and philosophies made it difficult for cooperation amongst states. Cooperation and success was not realized until another undisputed economic power (United sates of America) rose to the occasion in the summer of 1944, to plan and re-arrange the post war economic order. If we were to follow the same naming style as the above mentioned, then this period would in turn be termed Mach-2. Once again the world united under a new Hegemonic leadership. Just as in the previous hegemon, Markets began to recover the good practices of the classical economic system were adopted and the lessons learnt in the thirty years of economic turmoil since the first world war were also...
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...growth as well as global integration to become a high tech industrialized economy. In past in 1960s, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was compared to the poor countries (Africa and some parts of Asia), by 2004, it joined the trillion dollar club of world’s economies and currently in the top twenty largest economies (Globserver Asia, 2013). They achieved this by placing the system of close government and business ties, also including directed credit and import restrictions (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). In 2012 due to the market slowdowns in United States, Eurozone and China, the economy has experienced slow growth. Though it is the 8th largest exporter in the world ($548.2 billion) which decreased 0.21% from prior year. The export goods are semiconductors, wireless communications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steels, ships and petrochemicals (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). In 2012 the country’s GDP was $1.622 trillion which ranks 13 on the world scale which increased 2.7% from previous year, and a GDP capita in US dollars was $32,400. The real GDP growth rate was 2.7%. The unemployment rate was 3.8% and the inflation rate was 2.2% (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). Socio-cultural environment Main language spoken and written in South Korea is Korean. The religious belief, from 2010 survey was that 43.3% have no religion, 24% are Protestants, 24.2% Buddhists, 7.6% Roman Catholic and 0.9% unknown (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). Korean families...
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...Then authors mention that mergers are still influenced by other national institutions. To begin with, they illustrate the factors such as nation’s legal origin, currency exchange rate and gross domestic product (GDP). Seung Hee Choi & Bang Nam Jeon (2011) found that GDP shows the largest contribution in the merger deal frequency model. When a country is just at the high speed development of economy period, with the increase of GDP, companies will have a better environment to carry on the merger activities. Secondly, authors stress that economic environment will have a significant impact on the acquisition activity. For example, countries who have signed a bilateral investment treaty or a double-taxation treaty would have a different performance according to the data collected by authors. Huizinga and Voget（2009）state that impose high levels of international double taxation are less likely to attract the parent companies of newly created multinational firms. On the contrary, some preferential policies like tax sparing will motivate the merger activities between nations. Last but not least, authors state that religion, geographic distance and language are vital cultural institutions which have a strong effect on economic results. For example, Piekkari, Vaara, Tienari and Säntti(2005) study that compared to domestic mergers, cross-border deals introduce extra layers of difficulty. Language and communication challenges are intertwined with cultural differences. Under the cross-border...
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...for their develop like building factories, importance of the location and much more. On the other hand there are some cities that had decline like Detroit, Flint and Cleveland because they only have depended on one resource for income. Abu Dhabi has grown through its economic vision and it is trying to sustainable its development through diversification to avoid declining. Development and growth in cities is shown through some reasons. The strategic location of the city. For this reason, most major cities are on rivers or at the junction of important overland routes (City, 2008). Moreover some cities owe for the importance of religion and became centers of worship (City, 2008). For example the city of Rome survived the collapse of the Roman empire because it was the capital of western Christendom (City, 2008). Early cities that developed strong military forces added to their territory, wealth and importance by conquest. Favorably located settlements often became large and prosperous through commerce (City, 2008). Also some modern cities owe to their development and to the fact that they were built as national capitals. Like Washington, D.C; Canberra, Australia (City, 2008). Climate also is a an important factor; the cities of Florida owe much of their growth to the state’s attractive climate (City, 2008). Other reason for developing is the industrial revolution. Building factories in communities that had good transportation and had source of power has attracted many people to...
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...what is just for people, what commodities are and the way people use their resources. The first major economic system that is traceable is that of the primitive economies, the early eras of society. Human behavior has evolved along with the rest of the world and how people act is directly responsible to what time period that they lived in and how they changed economics. First, in primitive economics, the main driving force was having enough supplies to survive and to strengthen communal bonds through cooperation of the tribe. During this time period resources and material wealth were largely shared with all members of the community to support reciprocity, everyone had equal income and would preform tasks for each other. Along with reciprocity, the chief or shaman sometimes redistributed goods for fairness and there was a division of labor. According to Polanyi, “Division of labor, a phenomenon as old as society, springs from differences inherent in the facts of sex, geography and individual endowment” (1957). This division consisted of women being the gatherers of fruits and vegetables for the community, and men doing all of the hunting and fishing. Through success of society with hunting and gathering, stone tools and collective decision making, the world transformed to the Greco-Roman Slave economy. The Greco-Roman Slave time in economics was...
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...Brazil – Country Report Introduction The country has been expanding its presence in international financial and commodities markets, and is one of a group of four emerging economies called the BRIC countries. Although struggling with social inequality and infrastructural deficits we think that Brazil is already a great world power. Also what attracted us to Brazil as a case study for this report is it’s exotic character. Not many people really know the extent of Brazil’s recent growth and improvements in social security and in overcoming poverty. We expect the labor force and operational costs to be low, like in the other emerging countries like China. However we take in to consideration higher costs involving security and bureaucracy. Chapter 1 – Short presentation of the country The Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest country in both South America and the Latin America Region. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population, with over 193 million people. It is the largest Lusophone country in the world, and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando...
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...the strict Schengen border rules to its eastern borders 1 * Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 15,149 (Russia) (2013) 1 * stateless persons: 10,825 (2012) 1 * Legal system: civil law system, rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final 1 * International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction 1 2. Economic * Economic situation: * High-income country with a medium-sized economy 2 * The only one in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2008-09 economic downturn 1 * Predominantly services-based 2 * Agriculture accounts for 3.54% of GDP and employs 12.60% of the population 2 * Manufacturing and industry accounts for 31.63% of GDP and employs 30.40% of the population 2 * The service sector accounts for 64.83% of the GDP and employs 57.00% of the population 2 * Polish economy has performed well over the past five years 5 * Growth slowed in 2012 and 2013, in part due to the ongoing economic difficulties in the euro zone 5 * Short-term, the key policy challenge will be to consolidate debt and spending without stifling economic growth 5 * Over the longer term, Poland's economic performance could improve 5 * GDP (purchasing power parity): $814 billion (2013 est.) 1 * GDP (official exchange rate): $513.9...
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...Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général Translated by Chantal Saucier Edited by Mark Thornton 4 An Essay on Economic Theory © 2010 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute and published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ludwig von Mises Institute 518 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn, Alabama 36832 mises.org ISBN: 978-1-61016-001-8 Foreword Robert F. Hébert Following a century of neglect, William Stanley Jevons, in the first blush of discovery, proclaimed Cantillon’s Essai, “the cradle of political economy.” Subsequent growth and development of economic thought has not really alerted us to the subtleties of this succinct appraisal. A cradle holds new life; and there can be little doubt that the Essai added new life to the organizing principles of economics. But “political economy” does not accurately describe the subject Cantillon addressed. Indeed, he scrupulously avoided political issues in order to concentrate on the mechanics of eighteenth-century economic life. When confronted by “extraneous” factors, such as politics, Cantillon insisted that such considerations be put aside, “so as not to complicate our subject,” he said, thus invoking a kind of ceteris paribus assumption before it became fashionable in economics to do so. This is merely one way in which Cantillon was ahead of his time. He preceded Adam Smith by a generation. Both writers made important foundational...
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...to use an online economics news article. Write a three to four page essay analyzing the topic or critique the article from economic perspectives. Essay must be typed and double-spaced, (Times New Roman, font 12). The questions that you may address in this essay may include, but are not limited, to the following: * What is the main economic issue? * How is the economic issue related to the concepts or models that you have learned from this course? * What sorts of arguments/opinions have been discussed? * Do you agree or disagree with the analyses/opinions? Why? * What argument would you, as an economist, make? The following is a suggested list of topics. This list is not exhaustive. INDUSTRY STUDY. For a specific industry, choose a current issue such as deregulation, foreign competition, and the impact of new technologies, mergers/takeovers, changing methods of competition, labor problems, or financial changes. COMPANY STUDY. Study the recent growth or decline of a particular company or its current position. This topic might include such points as the market structure within which the company grew and now operates, the elasticity of demand for its products, the degree of unionization, the cost structure (degree of fixed cost, economies of scale), the role of advertising, the degree of international competition, etc. INTERNATIONAL ISSUES. Possible topics are: current economic problems...
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...| Uruguay Uruguay is located in the Southern South America, and lies at the east bank of Uruguay River and the Rio de la Plata---- at the border of the South Atlantic Ocean, and it is located between Argentina and Brazil (CIA: Uruguay: Geography). Uruguay is a country living on exporting farming and herding services and the economy of it is mainly based on agro-exporters and miners. Uruguay’s economic situation shows diverse and multi-level trends, including hydropower development, which is greatly improved and largely spread. Meanwhile, most visitors flock to beach resorts of the Atlantic Ocean such as Punta Del Este. Education is compulsory and free in Uruguay, even so, there are still many Uruguayan who choose to immigrate to Spain, in order to seek for better job opportunities (travelnationalgeographic: Uruguay Facts). In the early twentieth century, because there are a large number of agricultural products exporting to Europe and other country, it makes Uruguay became one of the rich countries in South America Currently, although the Uruguay economy which has experienced a serious of recessions can’t be compared to the past, Uruguay’s economy began to revive as Brazil and Argentina since 2004 (countrystudies: Uruguay). This research paper is divided into four parts. In the first place we give an explanation about political aspects in Uruguay focusing on description of political system and form of government. Secondly we examine the situation on the economic front, by...
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...engines to propel steamboats and locomotives, and thereby, increasing the efficiency of engines greatly (Cameron & Neal, 2003). The expansion of the steel industry also had a large impact. Steel rails, which were used for railways, lasted much longer and were also safer than iron rails. Steel plates that were used in the process of shipbuilding produced larger, lighter, and faster ships. Steel beams also made it possible to construct skyscrapers as well as many other structures. Another innovations which furthered economic development was transportation and communication. In terms of transportation, railways offered a cheap and fast way to transfer goods and people, and steamships also played a major role in integrating the world economy in the nineteenth century. The implementation of electric telegraphs, telephones, radios, and typewriters also facilitated business and personal communication. Some of the major elements of the legal and social environments conducive to economic development during that period included legal foundations, economic thought and policy, and education and...
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...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Definition A transportation system can be referred to as the logistics and the equipments used in moving passengers as well as goods from one place to another. It covers travelling by all types of transport, from buses to cars and to boats, space travel as well as aircrafts. Transportation methods are employed in groups movement planning and logistics, in addition to running local schools bus services (Gerdes, 2008). Function of the Transportation System The major use of a transportation system is to manage movement of individuals, vehicles as well as goods so as to make good use of routes competently. When put into practice, transportation systems try to ease transport costs as well as develop delivery times via route management and effective timetabling. Intermittent re-evaluations and the expansion of other routes allow for well-timed changes to the transportation system so as to maintain effectiveness (Gerdes, 2008). Features An ordinary transportation system will mostly feature several timetables intended to inform the client of where each means of transportation in the fleet is anticipated to be at a given point in time. These schedules are developed along with a collection of route plans designed to organize vehicle movements in a manner that puts a stop to bottlenecks in a particular location (Gerdes, 2008). Advantages of a transportation system The major benefit of employing a transportation system...
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...Rodrigue and Dr. Theo Notteboom1. The Economic Importance of Transportation Like many economic activities that are intensive in infrastructures, the transport sector is an important component of the economy impacting on development and the welfare of populations. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive multipliers effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment and additional investments. When transport systems are deficient in terms of capacity or reliability, they can have an economic cost such as reduced or missed opportunities. Efficient transportation reduces costs, while inefficient transportation increases costs. The impacts of transportation are not always intended, and can have unforeseen or unintended consequences such as congestion. Transport also carries an important social and environmental load, which cannot be neglected.The added value and employment effects of transport services usually extend beyond employment and added value generated by that activity; indirect effects are salient. For instance, transportation companies purchase a part of their inputs from local suppliers. The production of these inputs generates additional value-added and employment in the local economy. The suppliers in turn purchase goods and services from other local firms. There are further rounds of local re-spending which generate additional value-added and employment. Similarly, households that...
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...Facultad de Economia y NegociosEscuela de Ingenieria Comercial | Economic development in Panama between 1995-2010 | Taller de Economía Empresarial | | José Venegas Rojas | | Professor: John Cobin Santiago, Chile 2013 I. - Introduction. The controlling purpose of this paper is to review the academic literature about the economic development of Panama between 1995-2010 in Panama City. Panama is among the twenty economies which have grown the most in the past ten years, according to the World Bank, which curiously matches giving ones the administration of the Panama Canal by the United States to Panama in 1999. Most of the buildings in Panama City were built around 2000 and in order to observe this change, the financial statements of the country when it still belonged to the United States, will be analyzed so that it can be possible to consider a factor in the economic development in this country. On December 31, 1999, at midday the Panama Republic took administrative control of the Panama Canal after a long process of negotiation which started in 1977 with the signing of the Treaty between the President Jimmy Carter from the United States and the Panama president Omar Torrijos. This Treaty stated that it was an important issue that Panama guaranteed the neutrality of the Canal. This step of command happened after almost eighty-five years of diplomatic negotiations between the US and Panama. Many Panamanians considered the administration of the Panama...
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