...Bahadur Singh Professor Natalia Browne Media Studies 400: History of Mass Media May 5, 2016 Getting the News: From Talking Drums to the New York Times Wherever people gather, they want to know what’s going on. That is, they want to know the news. In the modern world, the latest news is just a mouse click away. Hundreds of web sites provide constant updates on the latest events around the world. What’s more, the average person can simply pick up a smart phone and call, text, or email just about anybody else in the world. These days, it’s not hard to know what’s going on. But that wasn’t always the case. Before the advent of modern printing, disseminating news to a large audience was difficult. In this paper I will present a brief history of news gathering and distribution, starting with the acta diurna of ancient Rome, and continuing on through contemporary news web sites. Throughout, I hope to illustrate humanity’s ingeniousness when it comes to learning about the world in which we live. Early News Media As at least one historian has observed, the ability to distribute news to a geographically diverse group of people depends on the availability of a reliable medium (Taylor 45). But what is a medium exactly? Leona Sanford defines “medium” as a way or a means of accomplishing something (142). By extension, then, a news medium is a way or means of delivering news to other people. Early news media took many forms. In Africa and portions of Asia, a special type of drum known...
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...Instructor: Dr. M. Pong Write a 400-word paper (double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 pt. font, one-inch margins) relating a recent newspaper article to a topic discussed in the course so far. In the paper, please address the following three questions: 1) How does the article relate to Chinese politics? 2) How does the content of the article relate to the information found in the readings for this course? For example: • Does it provide evidence that supports what was in the readings or that counters it? • Does it provide an example of something mentioned in the reading? 3) What does this ultimately tell us – what broader implications does it have and why is it important? Guidelines: 1. You are not permitted to choose an article focused on a topic from the same week as your presentation topic or your term paper topic. 2. The following are recommended sources for this assignment: South China Morning Post, The New York Times, The International New York Times (formerly The International Herald Tribune), The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, and BBC News. a. If you choose an article from a source not included in this list, please make sure that the source you have chosen is widely-read and reputable. b. If you choose to use an article from the People’s Daily or another state-run Chinese newspaper, you must discuss the article and its contents as coming from the perspective of the Party leadership. 3. The newspaper article you choose should be from within the past year. It should be a...
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... The development and evolution of our society demands the need for immediate and updated information to spread quickly within the community. For centuries, the news played a very important role in our daily lives. Whether it is a report on the latest matches score between our favorite football teams, weather forecast, information on election campaigns, or news on the recent death of a well-known celebrity, we always come back for more. Nevertheless, from the traditional role of messengers to recent digital age, the principle of news still remains the same;- providing the masses with the latest and current events of today’s world, be it through printed newspaper, broadcast, internet or oral messaging (word-of-mouth). Spreading news is without doubt one of the oldest human activities ever exist. Before the invention of newspaper in the early age, authorities appointed third-party messengers to bring word, spreading news and updated information. Some of these messengers traveled nearly thousand miles to deliver the news to the receivers. Most of the times, there were related to diplomatic, economic and political issues. After a well-formed country was established, only then the people started to exchange updated news among them in a larger scale than before. Before writing became a common skill to master, human beings spread news by word of mouth on crossroads, at alleys or markets. The messengers came back from battlefields to their homeland only to report on victories or defeats...
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...Historien, printed from 1605 onwards by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg, is often recognized as the first newspaper.[8][9] At the time, Strasbourg was a free imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation; the first newspaper of modern Germany was the Avisa, published in 1609 in Wolfenbüttel. Other early papers include: The Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. ('Courant from Italy, Germany, etc.') of 1618 was the first to appear in folio- rather than quarto-size. Amsterdam, a center of world trade, quickly became home to newspapers in many languages, often before they were published in their own country.[10] The first English-language newspaper, Corrant out of Italy, Germany, etc., was published in Amsterdam in 1620. A year and a half later, Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the Low Countreys. was published in England by an "N.B." (generally thought to be either Nathaniel Butter or Nicholas Bourne) and Thomas Archer.[11] The first newspaper in France was published in 1631, La Gazette (originally published as Gazette de France).[5] The first newspaper in Portugal, Gazeta[disambiguation needed], was published in 1641 in Lisbon.[12] The first Spanish newspaper, Gaceta de Madrid, was published in 1661. Post- och Inrikes Tijyuk ded as Ordinari Post Tijdender) was first published in Sweden in 1645, and is the oldest newspaper still in existence, though it now publishes solely online.[13] Opregte Haarlemsche Courant from...
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...A newspaper (often just called a paper when the context is clear) is a periodical publication containing news, other informative articles (listed below), and usually advertising. A newspaper is usually printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. The news organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Most newspapers now publish online as well as in print. The online versions are called online newspapers or news sites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly. News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime, severe weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and the arts. Typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings (labeled A, B, C, and so on, with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers A1-A20, B1-B20, C1-C20, and so on). Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor, op-eds written by guest writers, and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists, usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the raw data of the news into information...
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...7 Technology and Control: the interactive dimensions of journalism Anthony Smith The newspaper and the novel were the first cultural forms to emerge directly from printing; they were both essentially publishing phenomena and developed in England in the aftermath of the expiration in 1695 of the Licensing Act when printers, no longer limited in numbers by statute, were free to flourish - or perish - according to the behaviour of the market. 1 Journalism has thus a similar relationship to printing as pop music to the phonograph or the film to photography: it depends upon an industrial activity, it involves the creative individual as a worker within a fairly complex process of manufacturing and distribution. The journalism is, as it were, the 'software' supplied to fill the 'hardware' of the newspaper system, and it thus serves as a pioneer example of the working of modern mechanical media. Unfortunately the newspaper is only now beginning to be studied historically as a media system;2 most of those interested in the history of the press have been hitherto concerned with the newspaper either as a component of 'Whig' history, concentrating on those elements which illustrate the great tide of public freedom swelling from the eighteenth century onwards,3 or else as a component of a kind of 'Whiggism-in-reverse', bringing out those elements which illustrate the increasing amiseration or exploitation of the new mass readership.4 Part of the interest in...
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...well as newspapers. In the past new stories were revealed by word of mouth than through the written materials. An American Dramatist Arthur Miller says, "A good newspaper is a nation talking to itself”. The earliest version on a newspaper was a daily sheet published in 59 BC in Rome called 'Acta Diurna' (daily even). The earliest known printer newspaper was in Beijing in 748 AD. The 1700 were a century in which market elements were created that encouraged the development of daily newspapers. The first daily newspaper was 'The Daily Courant' in London 1702. Newspaper and Newspaper advertising have been the most important tools in shaping the growth and development of the modern society. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging communication gap between people and contribute to the air of awareness in a society. One of the most crucial tasks of the newspaper industry is to contribute towards the economic and industrial development of a country through the assimilation of people's thoughts and opinions. WORLD SCENARIO The first newspaper in the world of which there is a record was 'Pecking Gazette' published between AD 600's and 900's China. It was printed by wood block, the kind of printing invented by the Chinese in the year 594. Less than* 100 years after Johannes Guttenberg developed printing press in year in 1447, there appeared pamphlets and single sheet notices announcing particular events. The first English newspaper was 'Oxford...
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...AN ORGANISATION STUDY REPORT ON RASHTRA DEEPIKA. LTD. KOTTAYAM, KERALA SUBMITTED TO MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY, KOTTAYAM in partial fulfillment of the 3rd semester requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam SUBMITTED BY Ms. KELEN JAMES REG.NO. 21942 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Prof. Siby Joseph Faculty, BIMS 2010-2012 DECLARATION I, Kelen James hereby declare that this project report entitled “ORGANISATION STUDY AT RASHTRADEEPIKA.. LTD.” has been prepared by me during the year 2010 – 2011, under the guidance of Mr. SIBY JOSEPH, Department of Management Studies, BIMS, Changanacherry. I also hereby declare that this project report has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Changanacherry Kelen James 13 - 06 - 2011 Acknowledgement First of all I would like to thank God Almighty for His love, mercy and abundant grace that he has showered upon me during my project period and preparing the report. I would like to thank the Principal of St.Berchmans College, Fr. Tommy Padinjareeveetil for all his support and encouragement. I express my gratitude to Head of the Department Dr. Mathew Joseph and my project guide Mr. Siby Joseph for helping me for helping me and guiding me throughout the course of work and for having helping me...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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...Thousand Diets,” from his book The Invisible Woman: Confronting Weight Prejudice in America W. Charisse Goodman debates the hardship of being a heavy woman in America, where everywhere you look women are persuaded that thin is the only beauty and the key to happiness. Goodman starts off by telling the many ratios of thin women to heavy women in the media, with thin women always at a much larger number than heavy women. He then goes on to explain that in television and movies, larger women are very rarely seen as romantic figures or even as the central characters. Goodman suggests in his chapter that when it comes down to it, most men care more about a woman’s body and figure rather than who they are as a person. He then describes how in newspaper articles, women are still described through their size and weight, even if the topic isn’t...
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...mainly advertised in hopes to make money off of the American citizens who were in need of cures and had faith in doctors. The advertisement of a medical remedy by a person living in antebellum America was not based on proof of solid scientific evidence but instead on the faith of people who put their trust into the country’s media outlets as well as trust in Doctors and their new creation of these medical remedies. In the Saratoga Sentinel Newspaper of 1830, numerous "medical cures” are advertised to cure multiple symptoms of many diseases and sicknesses. Included in these advertisements is what is considered to be solid evidence of the product’s effectiveness. The proof that a product works is provided by doctors who claim so as well testimonies from people recommending the product after supposedly using it. The vague description of the products as well as the lack of scientific proof for the reliability of these “cures” reveal that the real faith in the effectiveness in them stem from the trust in doctors and in the local newspapers. In the advertisement labeled the “Cure for Bowel Complaints” the advertisers claim to have the “remedy” for “most diseases of the stomach and bowel”. [1] In order to prove that this remedy is effective, the advertisers provide a statement from a person known as “Dr. M.L KNAPP”1 who argues that the best proof is that the product is “called again and again” 1 by families who are introduced to it. It can be argued about whether or not an actual...
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...The first editorial stated that the paper was going to be a link between government and the people, it was to show the people the activities and inertias of the government, it was also to have a close view on political personalities. The Post had very clearly defined stands on most on most of the key political issues it published. Out of the 188 editorials only 13 were in the “neutral” category this shows that the post was a very outspoken paper on the Federation and Welensky, the relationship between blacks and whites, and on its relationship with the Northern Rhodesian Government. It rarely left readers in doubt as to its stand on these issues. The fact that two-thirds of the editorials were in the against category indicates that the newspaper liked to serve as opposition, most of its opposition was against Welensky and the Federation. In the begging the paper bitterly opposed the Federation and Welensky who was repeatedly called a liar. Dr. Scott used his paper to campaign for a Federal seat in the Federation at Salisbury. In 1954, the paper had no option but to turn around and support the Federation but reluctantly supported Welensky. The paper did not criticize the white settlers often, in its lifetime there wre only two articles editorials when it criticized the settlers one of them was a strike by white rail-workers, t condemned white settlers for not being...
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...Final Assignment HUM/176 Part 1- You are the chief editor of a large metropolitan daily newspaper. One of your reporters is caught fabricating sources and making up facts. How do you handle the situation, from disciplining the reporter to explaining it to your readers? As the editor there is a responsibility to both journalism and to the public to report accurate news stories. Through this public apology, I the editor assure you the readers that the fabrication of the material of reporter John Doe was not a reflection of the reputation of this newspaper to print misleading false stories and the direct result of the deception caused ABC Newspaper to terminate employment however the reporter wanted to comment on his role in reporting the news. I would like to apologize for misleading the readers of this fine newspaper and to give the main reason for my deception. News is as time sensitive medium. It requires up- to- date reporting. If a person reports a story several days after the event happens; no one will be interested nor be impacted by the story. The purpose of reporting the news is to bring awareness to the people who are impacted by it. The desperation in bringing the story first caused a loss in judgment and ethics. With the increased delivery methods, including newspapers, television, radio, online newspaper web pages, and blogging, It became apparent that to capture the audience I would have to use sensationalistic tactics to do so. These tactics in journalism are...
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...1900s. Newspaper and magazine were the main source of mass media. In the 1940's, the radio supplied a new source to reach the masses. People often tuned in to get accounts of the war. Newspapers were still in demand and still used often. In the 1950s, television became a main source of resources for the mass media. The television was a combination of the radio and the newspaper and people embellished it. In 1962, the launch of a satellite gave access to world-wide news. From then to present day, we have exploded with forms of communication. The development of mobile phones to computers to the internet, the process just keeps growing. The process continues to get better and faster every year. The new forms of classroom learning are nothing like it used to be. The growth and knowledge of the mass media will continue to grow and develop. The ever ending cycle of getting better and better and faster and faster, continues to be a drive for many. The time to be informed is getting shorter and shorter. People want to know what is going on as soon as it does. This could even get to the point of where people and media will constantly predict what is going to happen. | How did each development influence American culture? | Each development influenced American culture by adding new resources for mankind to communicate. It left a reliable source in which people could keep up to date on the local and worldwide actions going on. At first, the newspaper contained...
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...Ecommerce on newspaper publishers and furthermore strategic recommendations for your company. This report has been prepared according to the upcoming extraordinary session of Chicago Tribune Newspapers CEO’s, Strategic Advisor and the consultancy assistance of McKinsey Strategic Department. This report covers the current situation of circulations and subscriptions regarding the digital era as well as available technologies for newspaper publishers to increase their revenues. Also includes an evaluation of business strategies and activities regarding Chicago Tribunes’ major competitors. This report covers some recommendation for further strategic positioning and investments to create a competitive advantages. In presenting this report, I want to pay tribute to the work of every one of my colleague throughout the strategic department and all journalists within this newspaper. It is a pleasure to find strategies and solutions to keep our business alive and develop further goals. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at any time. Yours sincerely, Zora Bouadjenak; MBA Strategic Advisor Chicago Tribune 1 HOW DOES THE IMPLEMENTATION OF APPS AND E-SUBSCRIPTIONS EFFECT NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS REVENUES AND THEIR STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER BUSINESSES? A case for Chicago Tribune Newspaper Lectures name: Date of submission: Author’s name: ID: Mr. Chong Hock CHUA 12. September 2011 Zora BOUADJENAK 12643509 2 1 Executive Summary Newspaper publishers...
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