...to tribute loyal family such as king, queen, or God. This box that crafted before centuries is called sarcophagus. Sarcophagus comes from Greek words sarx, means “flesh” and phagein, means “to eat”. Mostly, sarcophagus is made from stone. This is because the artisan wanted it to be last long and be memorable. There are a lot of different kinds of sarcophagus that have been made in before centuries. The shape, size, and what specific stone it used to make the sarcophagus are depends on the culture of where it has been made. In University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology, there are two examples of sarcophagus with different style and shapes. Those are the Egyptian sarcophagus and Italian sarcophagus. Egyptian sarcophagus displayed on the museum is made from a limestone. This sarcophagus was crafted around 200 – 190 BC. According to the museum, it came from “Ptolemaic culture”. This sarcophagus was crafted by “Pedibast” to honor the third generation of the king in early 30th century. This Egyptian sarcophagus has about “6.5 feet on height, 2 feet width and about 1.5 feet in depth”. The shape is following human body which will leave only a plenty spot once a corpse is put inside. Beneath the man, there is a square box which made as a base of the sculpture so it can be in standing position. It has dark color, almost black, and finely polished. This sarcophagus is still in good condition. It can be looked by the perfect shape of the lid and there is no crack on...
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...I chose the Seasons Sarcophagus art piece from the Dumbarton Oaks Museum. As soon as I entered the Byzantine room, something massive caught my eye. It was a late Roman sarcophagus, dated 330-335 CE. I was immediately drawn to its beauty, and intricacy. It's still very well intact and the detail in the relief is still wonderfully preserved. It's amazing how the sarcophagus takes over the whole room; due to its large scale and the many intricate carvings made into the marble. I found myself standing in front of this piece for a long time just admiring every carving from top to bottom. Initially I had assumed that the images on the sarcophagus were Christian images, upon a closer look I came to the realization that the sarcophagus is of pagan decent. After realizing that the sarcophagus was pagan in nature, it depicts the belief in an afterlife by showing the different...
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...Sarcophagus with Scenes from the Life of Achilles; artist anonymous; 180-220 AD; marble, very high-relief carving, some elements are sculpture in the round; 52x83x57 in; well preserved with some damages on the right and left sides. I. This is a three-dimensional rectangular object with a massive lid that has a shape of a flat couch with two figures reclining on it. Even though both figures look alike and their faces are unfinished, they are slightly different. The figure in the front is a female. She has long hair, small breast, and a round face. The other figure is a male. He has a beard; details of his face are more masculine and angular. Both figures have long clothes. All four sides of the rectangle are carved. The back is not visible because the object is placed up against the wall. The central figure on the front relief is a man holding a big shield. He steps into a chariot with two horses and listens to another man who probably shows him a direction. Another naked male figure is on the ground. He seems to be tied up to the chariot. There are other male figures on this relief; some of them are naked, and others are dressed. They all are in different movement postures. On the right side is a relief of a young naked male with a big shield. His right leg is in front; his head is turned to the opposite direction. He is probably leaving and is looking at those who stays. A woman puts her hands around the young man's neck and falls on her knees. On the right side is a...
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...CLA 2953.001 April 23, 2013 Sarcophagi of Selene and Endymion Roman remains such as art, architecture, and documents have offered and provided various details of their society, history, people, and way of life throughout the centuries leading up to the fall of Rome. Through their excavated remains we can discover and learn about their society and culture for instance their practices, functions, and activities. One such practice we can analyze is their practice of the burial of their dead. Romans traditionally would bury their dead outside of their cities or within a designated area much like a cemetery or a city for their dead. Romans in early times had cremated their dead like the Etruscans did and they would place their ashes within shrines and altars however this was until sometime within the first century and the second century. The change that rose within this time period was the knowledge of preserving the bodies of their dead. This led to Rome constructing sarcophagi and change to Roman traditions of burial. Romans, according to law were not permitted to bury their dead within two Roman miles of the city. Naturally, the rise of graveyards emerged within the countryside and the development of catacombs for the dead. Roman sarcophagi were constructed elaborately from marble and in some cases stone, wood, or lead. The usage of sarcophagi were traditions Etruscans and the Greek had practiced before Romans adopted the practice after some influence from Etruscan and Greek...
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...period is “Lysippos, Apoxyomenos (The Scraper),” (Benton, DiYanni, 2008, p. 77); originally a bronze sculpture and replicated in marble reveals the competitive nature and strife to succeed with greatness. The Scraper represents the relationship between art and culture of Hellenistic Greece by capturing how the civilizations interest became more individualistic rather than basing on the successes of the whole civilization. The art would have influenced the culture of that civilization by stimulating others to focus more to make higher individual achievements. The culture influenced that genre of art by the focus they placed and capturing the portrayal of individual strengths. Etruscan civilization The art piece “Wife and Husband Sarcophagus, from Cerveteri,” (Benton, DiYanni, p. 99) is...
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...World Art Garrett Stokes Garrett Stokes Art 101A, World Art Abbas Daneshvari 8/30/12 Ancient Art History Art history has been a vital part of the modern human experience. For thousands of years, the first painters and sculptors have given us the first displays that allowed people to see and touch tangible artwork. The artwork has also captured the history and lifestyle of that time. Art History has also expressed its social and political events that happened during that time. This gives the present person a good understand on what events took place during that era. Some of the most prominent artwork of the western civilization is Greek, Etruscan and Roman art. That historical artwork has paved the way for modern art to have a place in art history world. I will compare and contrast the Greek, Etruscan and Roman characteristic and traits of its historical artwork. During the Geometric and Orientalizing art in the 900-600 BCE, the human shape returned to Greek art in the structure of bronze statuettes and simple silhouettes and other motifs on Geometric vases. One art example is the Dipylon krater, Athens, ca 740 BCE. During the Archaic Art, 600-480 BCE the earliest real-life stone statues appeared in Greece. The first Greek kouroi copied the frontal poses of early Egyptian statues, however designed the young men nude the same way that the men competed in the Ancient Olympics. In the beginning of the early 6th century BCE, Greek sculptors recreated the magnitude of the...
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...Roman Art – The Identity of an Empire Christina Kapua ARTS/100 April 18, 2013 Taurie Kinoshita Roman Art – The Identity of an Empire The Romans ingeniously display majestic art while incorporating function and purpose to build an empire. The Romans had many forms in which they created art. They adorned their city, homes, and palaces with paintings, sculptures, and grand architectural structures. Rome admired and emulated the artistry of the Greek, Egyptians, and Celtic designs. They learned engineering techniques from the Etruscans that has developed Rome’s historical development and style. With its influence of other cultures, Romans have established its own characteristics of ancient classical Rome, which has carved a pathway to many forms of artwork in the past and present time. The different genre that Rome has influenced is two-dimensional arts, sculpture, and architecture; with significant contributors, such as Michelangelo Buonarroti and Gian Lorenzo Benini. Historical Development and Evolution of Style Influenced by the Etruscans and inspired by the Greeks, the Romans artistry evolved to display realism and power. Romans learned practical and advanced engineering techniques from the Etruscans that began the groundwork for the vast buildings built to serve the needs of a growing population. After the overthrow of Greece majority of their artwork, and sculptures were brought back to Rome to adorn their city and palaces. Many Greek artists migrated to Rome to impart...
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...THE VALUES AND GOALS OF THE ROMANS NOBILITY A noble may be loosely translated as someone who is well known in the society for good deeds. In most cases, such people are known for their contribution to the society and having lived a life befitting their status they or their family acquired, and are either patricians or plebeians. The Roman nobility were also people who were not only well known but expected to have achieved great achievements in their lifetime such as a consulship. The nobility in Rome was a system that was tightly controlled so that not everybody would easily qualify. The Roman nobility had some goals and values which guided most of the life. These values were meant to guide their lives and if well executed made them worthy of tier family tree. For example, the nobility were expected to have wisdom and knowledge. On an epitaph from sarcophagus, Lucius Cornelius Scipio observes that the stone is held by great virtues and great wisdom a clear indication of bow high knowledge was regarded. And this knowledge and great wisdom could possibly have been applied by the judges during court proceedings. The position of dispensing justice lay at the heart of Roman culture as seen in an epitaph at Scipio Hispanus who was a, ‘member of the Board of Ten for Judging Law-suits.’ The Romans had elaborate funeral ceremonies for the nobles with many people attending. Such ceremonies laid out in the open what they had achieved and challenged the public to emulate their achievement...
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...Early Greek and Roman Civilizations Charles Inabnitt Abstract The early Greek and Roman empires or civilizations shared a lot of similarities in geography for they both are Mediterranean countries. They had similar religions also. These are some of the cultural aspects that are compared and contrasted. Early Greek and Roman Civilizations The following are examples of cultural elements of comparison and contrast: geography, government, economy, art, philosophy, religion. Furthermore, the graph below will go into more detail in all of the subjects discussed above. Greece Roman Geography Some of the Greek poleis or city states as they were called where naturally separated by the sea from the mainland. Now the mainland was very mountainous. Geographically, Rome was built on seven hills on the east bank of the Tiber River. The lower lying areas were prone to flooding. Government Greek governments were divided in groups by the great Aristotle, and are still used today by historians, into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies, and democracies. Rome was ruled by kings at the beginning of their time. Then it became a republic with emperors of royal blood and a senate and an assembly. Economy The Greeks since their poleis where unreachable by land they were reached by sea. Thus in the early part of the history of Greece the main source of economy was through fishing and trading. Later led onto agriculture and the growing of wheat. Romans where known for their trading and...
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...1 Short Paper/Case Study Analysis Rubric Requirements of submission: Short paper assignments must follow these formatting guidelines: double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and discipline-appropriate citations. Failure to adhere to these requirements of submission will result in the paper not being graded. Students can find their feedback in the grade book as an attachment. Prepare a written paper that discusses Accounting for Partnerships. Your paper may cover any subject area relating to Accounting for Partnerships. Suggested subject areas may include the nature of partnerships, how to account for partnership contributions, how partnerships allocate income, how partnership liquidations are handled, or any other concept of your choice that relates to the broad topic of Accounting for Partnerships. You are encouraged to use the Library, the Internet, Accounting textbooks and any and all other sources that you find that addresses Accounting for Partnership. Your paper should follow APA reference style and should cover enough depth or breadth to fill two to six written pages of double-spaced type. However, your paper may exceed six pages if you believe that is necessary. An abstract is not required on this assignment. |Critical Elements |Distinguished (A) |Proficient (B) |Emerging (C) |Not Evident (F) |Instructor Feedback | |Discussion...
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...Julius Caesar One of the most influential political and military leaders in global history, Gaius Julius Caesar helped establish the vast empire ruled by Rome. Gaius Julius Caser was born in the year of 100 BC into a patrician family. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was only really just beginning. The senators ruled, motivated by the greed of power in the hope of becoming, either, a consul or a praetor, the two senior posts which carried emporium, the legal right to command an army. From these posts it was possible to, with the help of an army at your command, conquer new territories and in turn, gain triumph and the pleasure of knowing that your name will be remembered forever in statues and inscribed monuments, paid for by the spoils of war. To obtain distinction for himself and his family, Caesar sought election to public office. In 86 BC, Caesar was appointed flamen dialis with the help of his uncle by marriage, Gaius Marius. (Billows). In 84 BC Caesar married Cornelia, daughter of Lucious Cornelius Cinna. (Billows). In 82 BC Caesar was ordered to divorce his wife by Lucious Cornelius Sulla, an enemy of the radicals. (Billows). Caesar traveled to Rhodes in 78 BC to study rhetoric and did not return until 73 BC. (Billows). During his journey to Rhodes pirates managed to capture him. Caesar convinced his captors to raise his ransom, which increased his prestige. He then raised a naval force, overcame his captors, and had them crucified...
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...Ephesians 4:1-6 states, "As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received. Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of the peace. There is one body and one Spirit "just as you were called to one hope just as you were called to one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is the over all and through all and in all". This scripture is so powerful, yet so simple. Selected this passage because it pertains to everyone’s problems and daily issues. Drama does not discriminate by color, race, sex, age or class, it is a universal issues that we all must go through and learn from. I also selected this passage because of I am working on in my personal life. My mother always told me that you have to have patience, that is was a virtue. As a young girl I had no idea of the magnitude the characteristics of patience would be worth. I have a young son and with children you have to learn to be patient. Children have the ability to make you proud, however obtain the same ability to work you down to your last nerve. But over my several years of parenting and growing with Christ I’ve learned that I must first acquire patience with my child. Children are more prone to listen and be obedient when you use a warm and soft tone, rather than a yelling angry tone which in turn will scare them and discourage any type of obedience....
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...Greeks | Romans | Greek city-states were separated from one another by countryside; all surrounding water. | Rome was inland on one side of the Tiber river. The Italic tribes did not have hills of the countryside to keep them out of Rome. | Most Greek buildings were made with mud, wood, plaster, and stone. These buildings did not stand over long periods of time. Save for the textures of marble and limestone they used to construct their temples which some still remain. | Romans used too marble and limestone in the construction of their buildings, but their greatest contribution was the perfection of the use of concrete. The strong, but light-weight material allowed them to larger and freer flowing structures. | Most of the remaining Greek structures are temples built to honor both their art and their gods. While decorative on the outside they were very plain within. Greek architecture was more rectilinear. This usually consisted of a pediment supported by columns set on a plinth for base. | More Roman structures stand today greatly due to their advancement in material technology. Roman structures were both decorative on both the inside and outside to reflect the pursuit of pleasure which was an essential part of Roman culture. Roman buildings were more complex, as they are credited with the mastering of the arch and dome type constructions, made possible by their skills with concrete. | Classical Greek sculptures are idealized from the human form, focusing on balance, symmetry...
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...Preface of article writing/Some ‘Tips’ on writing an excellent Articles Writing of an article require through knowledge of the topic, good vocabulary, good command over the grammar and good writing skill and presenting the facts and figures in compact, concise, organized and systematic way. Articles writing are an art. Many students find the writing of articles difficult task. If your article is poor written, you will be loosing marks. And, in the outside world, you would be a failure. It is very important to write in a crisp, clear style, with good sentence construction and proper punctuation. Needless to say spelling mistakes also fail to impress your views. One, who wants to write good articles, should develop interest in reading standard books of renowned authors, informative magazines and Newspapers. Reading develops power of analyzing the thing in proper perspective and also develops power of thinking and imagination. In the beginning, reading may appear a boring drill, but gradually you will find the reading as the best pastime and surely up confidence in life resulted from reading. Napoleon once said,” Show me a family of reader and I will show you the people who move the world” An article can have many purposes, but the basic structure is the same irrespective of the subject or the topic .you may be writing an article to argue a particular point of view or to explain the steps necessary for the welfare of the society .either way, your article will have the some basic...
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...He took a concubine and became a Manichean. He later converted to Christianity, became a bishop, and opposed heresies, such as the belief that people can deserve salvation by being good. His works—including The Confessions, which is often called the first Western autobiography—are still read around the world. In addition he believed in Papal supremacy.[20] [edit] DevelopChristianity in the 5th centuryFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search Spread of Christianity to AD 325 Spread of Christianity to AD 600See also: Christianity in the 4th century and Christianity in the 6th century In the 5th century in Christianity, there were many developments which led to further fracturing of the State church of the Roman Empire. Emperor Theodosius II called two synods in Ephesus, one in 431 and one in 449, that addressed the teachings of Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius and similar teachings. Nestorius had taught that Christ's divine and human nature were distinct persons, and hence Mary was the mother of Christ but not the mother of God. The...
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