...this to be the fact is infrastructure, corruption, and political problems. After all the European countries left their colonies to the African people, the country’s infrastructure was not much improved than when they arrived. According to Regions by Blij, Muller, and Nijman, much of the land was built around the port cities, capitals, and core areas so that the Europeans could maximize their profits off the exploitation of minerals and soils. So while there are descent roads and railroads leading from the port cities into the interior of the coastal states, there are no roads that lead from port city to port city because many of these cities were colonialized by different countries. This has lead to Africa having the lowest percentage of intra-realm trade in the world, only 13%, according to Regions . Infrastructure is in need of major renovations to improve the economic stability of Africa. Since the decolonization of Africa in 1994 corruption has run rampant. Before colonization corruption was unheard of. According to Dr. Jean-Marie Hyacinthe Quenum, S.J., “the institutionalization of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa has invalidated the history and institutions of African traditional societies based on the cultures of solidarity with a strong sense of community and the virtue of hard work for the benefit of families, clans and tribes.” In post-colonialism Africa the “consumerist mentality” has lead to widespread corruption including election rigging, bribes, and...
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...CUTURE of CORRUPTION 11 September 2013 at 00:26 Sept. 9, 2013 (Open letter- for comments/action) Office of the President Undersecretary Michael Frederick D.L. Musngi Email: mikemusngi@malacanang.gov.ph Subject: CULTURE OF CORRUPTION Dear Sirs:Headline and first paragraph of The Sunday Times dated September 1, 2013, says and I quote:“Scrapping ‘pork’ won’t end corruption—bishopBY ROBERTZON F. RAMIREZ REPORTER SCRAPING the “pork barrel “ system is not enough to end the culture of corruption that has become so pervasive that has taken root, according to Nueva Segovia Archobishop Ernesto Salgado.” (Bold italics mine for emphasis) The good Archobishop uses a generic term, culture of corruption that has become so pervasive that has taken root in the Philippines. However your article published in one whole page in the PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER dated Sept. 5, 2013, page 15 are more specific naming 10 departments and agencies including the church, entitled “A WAYWARD GOVERNANCE-A NATION BETRAYED,” which apparently making the Philippines, a CULTURE OF CORRUPTION and herein below reproduce:“Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (Camara de Commercio de las Islas Pilipinas) As the oldest business support organization in the country, the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands, in whose heritage of over 100 years are rooted, values and virtues sown by venerable and distinguished leaders, joins the Filipino nation in its CALL TO ABOLISH THE ‘PORK BARREL” in...
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...Facebook Corruption Essay Essay on Corruption Corruption is the use of unethical methods to get some advantage by others. It has become one of the big factors of obstructing the development of the individual and country. You can use such type of essays for your kids and school going children for essay writing purpose at home or schools. Corruption Essay 1 (100 words) Corruption is a poison which has been spread in the mind of wrong people of the society, community and country. It is the mistreatment of public resources just for getting some unfair advantage to fulfil little wish. It is concerned with the unnecessary and wrong use of both power and position by anyone whether in the government or non-government organization. It has affected the growth of the individual as we well as the nation and reduces income. It is a big reason of inequalities in the society and community. It affects the growth and development of the nation in all aspects like socially, economically and politically. Corruption Essay 2 (150 words) Corruption is the misuse of public property, position, power and authority for fulfilling the selfish purposes to gain personal satisfactions. Corruption is the misuse of authority for personal gain of an individual or group. It is the unfair use of public power for some private advantages by breaking some rules and regulations made by government. Now a day, it has been spread deeply in the society and has become very strong because of its lots of roots. It is like...
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...Corruption is a social disease that entails social justice that plagues many developing countries today. Corruption is just as multifaceted concept as there are societies and economic and political systems that embraces from the broad concept of corruption to the narrow legal concept of bribery. Corruption is the abuse of public office for private gain and the abuse of public power for private benefit. A well known definition of corruption is the one of the World Bank which considers it is the abuse of public office for personal gain. “Corruption has been broadly defined as the misuse of public office for private gain and the abuse of entrusted power” (Vargas-Hernández, 2011, p. 270). This paper will identify the root causes of how corruption starts? Corruption takes place when an individual tries to gain personal gain through an unfair advantage of someone else's condition, status or position. It occurs when a product, accommodation or activity's reality is altered in a manner in which another person is endangered or cheated. Corruption is a symptom of other fundamental causes (Xin & Thomas, 2004, p. 297).Widespread corruption is a symptom of inefficient administration. Corruption starts, firstly, when a country or state allocate scarce benefits to individuals and firms predicated on strict licit criteria, rather than on need. In such cases, bribes clear the licit hurdle. Secondly, Low pay and inadequate monitoring of their performance. In such cases, bribes...
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...Running head: CORRUPTION: WHERE DOES IT START? Corruption: where does it start? Name Course Institution Date Corruption is a social disease that entails social justice that plagues many developing countries today. Corruption is just as multifaceted concept as there are societies and economic and political systems that embraces from the broad concept of corruption to the narrow legal concept of bribery. Corruption is the abuse of public office for private gain and the abuse of public power for private benefit. A well known definition of corruption is the one of the World Bank which considers it is the abuse of public office for personal gain. “Corruption has been broadly defined as the misuse of public office for private gain and the abuse of entrusted power” (Vargas-Hernández, 2011, p. 270). This paper will identify the root causes of how corruption starts? Corruption takes place when an individual tries to gain personal gain through an unfair advantage of someone else's condition, status or position. It occurs when a product, accommodation or activity's reality is altered in a manner in which another person is endangered or cheated. Corruption is a symptom of other fundamental causes (Xin & Thomas, 2004, p. 297).Widespread corruption is a symptom of inefficient administration. Corruption starts, firstly, when a country or state allocate scarce benefits to individuals and firms...
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...History & heritage: origins of poverty The causes of poverty are quite overwhelming at first glance: from colonialism to industrialization, from political institutions to geography, corruption and so on. But they are extremely interesting to look at if you want to better understand how so many countries are where they are today. Each cause is rooted in a radically different phenomenon and each needs a specific solution. Heritage is unquestionably an essential factor among the causes of poverty. Colonization & slavery Most countries that started their modern history with great inequalities evolved into societies that often maintained such pattern of biased wealth distribution. And conversely for countries that began with more or less equal societies. So, countries that experienced colonization and slavery often had trouble getting rid of the inherited institutions and discrimination. Others like Canada or the US on the other hand have been doing much better since then. In the case of colonized countries such as Brazil, South Africa or the Caribbean islands, the remaining white population often inherited ownership of capital and means of production once the country became independent. “Poverty is the consequence of plunder. Behind every single form of modern poverty, you find the use of force.” (Dr. Oscar Guardiola-Rivera) The colonial influence 6 The role of resources and geography The former colonies in Latin America were exploited to export their...
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...To the reader, I bet you are wondering what this is all about, or perhaps who I even am. Let us start with a greeting, shall we? Hi, I’m Celina Gonzales, a college freshman taking up BS Legal Management. This E-portfolio encapsulates my entire writing journey of sorts in my ENGLCOM (Basic Communication and Study Skills) course throughout the second term of my first year in university. In here, you will be able to read about various ideas—from the meaning of the word “infinite” beyond the concept taught to us in our Math classes, to the causes of the Philippines’ lagged progress (no, it is not solely due to corruption), and, well, Korean Pop. With all these topics mentioned, I hope you appreciate how much I have grown in terms of flexibility, as I was never comfortable with writing beyond my interests. The entire journey was a roller coaster, thanks to the great deal of papers that came with strict deadlines, high standards, along with numerous revisions inked in either pink, green, red, or blue. However, I believe that all those days figuring out how exactly my professors want me to revise parts of my papers and whatnot are worth it—The innumerable scratch papers that I was armed with in the beginning of the term are gone. I can now write an article of great quality without having to frantically jot down my ideas on a separate sheet of paper. I believe that this growth of mine is impossible without my professors. Therefore, I would like to extend my gratitude to them: To...
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...ancient roots in record keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems that first developed in Ancient Egypt (Mahmud, 1997), Greece (Jennifer, 1982) and Rome (Joseph, 2001) later. In the centuries since the reign of William I of England, accountability has slowly wrestled free from its etymological bondage with accounting. In contemporary political discourse, ‘accountability’ and ‘accountable’ no longer convey a stuffy image of bookkeeping and financial administration, but they hold strong promises of fair and equitable governance. Moreover, the accounting relationship has almost completely reversed. Accountability does not refer to sovereigns holding their subjects to account,...
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...Corruption and its impact on Growth, Business and Government Effectiveness Ivo Dimovsky Managerial Economics – Empirical paper EMBA - American University of Bulgaria April 4th, 2012 ABSTRACT Corruption, like an infection, has co-existed with human society for a long time. Corruption has received significant attention among economists and international financial institutions during the last few decades, given its impact on economic growth both in developed and developing countries. There is an increasing volume of literature on the relationship between corruption and economic growth, and the general conclusion is that corruption slows down the long-term growth of an economy through a wide range of negative post-effects. It hampers economic growth, disproportionately burdens the poor and undermines the effectiveness of any investment and aid. Some theoretical studies suggest that corruption may counteract government failure and promote economic growth in the short run, however in recent years this studies aren`t anymore valid given the clear message from the negative effects on society and the economic system. In this paper we will analyze and present: First, we will describe and list a number of causes and consequences of corruption, derived from recent international studies from worldwide organizations trying to fight corruption. Second, we will introduce a regression model that can help explain the negative relationship between corruption (Corruption Perception Index...
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... | | History is full of most truthful, honest leadership, and other side we can see the most corrupt and brutal leaders. The main causes of the downfall of nations have been corruption and incompetent leadership. We can see that supper powers support the incompetent leadership only for their self interest. When we evaluate the history and comprising with Pakistan Strong and powerful have always exploited the weak in a crude and inhuman manner. While the deprived intoxicated by heavy doses of philosophies recommending to recognize their ordained fate have kept quite and suffered. Corruption imperfectly affected the value of governance. It is of different types. Political corruption, related to the politicians and luxurious corruption is connected with the high rank bureaucracy.When Pakistan came into being on14 August 1947, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah has strongly condemned the presence of corruption. Islam explicitly condemns the existence of corruption in every form. The root causes of the rampant corruption in the country are lack of responsibility, lack of effective accountability, poor performance, unchecked and limitless power all play a very important role to produce the deteriorate law and order. Since the inception of Pakistan, many governments called the champions of democracy has become the victim of the widespread corruption, and continues corrupt practices badly damage the process of democracy. Poor and common peoples of Pakistan badly effected at each level...
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...confidence the U.S. government has today; however, he claims spirituality is what caused the ambivalence but, it is corruption. David Brooks clearly shows that the United States government has lack of self-confidence. This lack of confidence can have detrimental effects on how we...
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...Poor countries are poor because they are wasting their resources. As iqbal z quadir suggest, the main cause of the poverty is the country itself. Poor countries face problems such as hunger, low standard of living and trap in the poverty cycle for generations. Sometimes, they blamed the natural disasters they have experienced. However, in my view, all these are just excuses. The causes of such problems are corruption, poor governance and the wrong attitudes of the individual. Therefore, I agree that poor countries have mainly themselves to blame for the problems they face today. Corruption is a major cause of the poverty and it occurs at all levels of the society, from the government to every citizen. Corruption causes people to ignore the rules and regulation in the country as what is useful is bribe. Corruption in government will lead to the government to implement policies which favour the rich and not helping the poor. This will worsen the problem of poverty cycle as rich will become richer and poor can only be poorer. In addition, corruption might means that the citizens will need to spend more money in order to receive goods and services. This will force families to buy lesser food and spend lesser money to increase their material standard of living. Thus leads to the rise of hunger, low standard of living and poverty cycle. Another major factor is poor governance. A government is like the brain of a human body, an indispensable component of the country. It gives the directions...
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...Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 2, No.6; June 2012 Corruption: Causes and Effects in Pakistan’s Case (A Review Research) *Dr. Muhammad Tariq Khan1, Dr. Naseer Ahmed Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed3, & Khalid Mehmood4 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences University of Haripur, PAKISTAN 2 Postmaster General, Pakistan Post, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN, 3Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences University of Haripur, PAKISTAN, 4Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences Hazara University, PAKISTAN *tariq_phd@yahoo.com Abstract There is a growing worldwide concern over corruption at the present time. The increasing public interest and concern over corruption have resulted in a large amount of scholarly research on the subject. The concept of economic rent is important in corruption. In Pakistan, the corruption is deep rooted and has many dimensions. There are several causes and remedies for the public policy makers to root out corruption in Pakistan. Key Words: Corruption, Economic rent, Developmental obstacle. Social evil, Remedies Introduction Corruption is a universal curse around the world and exists in all the countries as a common phenomenon, both in developing or poorer countries and developed countries. The difference is only of the degrees of corruption. In the last five years, leading politicians in U.K., Belgium, France, Spain and Italy have been convicted of corruption and in fact, the entire European Commission resigned because...
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...in Africa and the Roll of Corruption The major cause and reason for poverty around the globe is corruption. Unfortunately corruption occurs at all levels of every society, from national to local governments, judiciary functions, civil society military, small and large businesses and other services and so on (www.globalissues.org). The poorest countries are mostly affected by corruption despite it being in almost all nations. Political development is undermined by corruption since all aspects of society are somewhat affected (www.globalissues.org). It is not fundamentally useful to make collective differences between corruptions in several parts of the globe. In the end it all comes down to the same thing the abuse or use of public office and resources for private gain. However, corruption can be split into grand corruption, petty corruption and looting (unpan1.un.org). Petty corruption is a situation where small gifts and small amounts of money change hands. The parties involved are relatively minor officials within an organization where the transaction took place. An example is paying a policeman a dollar to look the other way after doing a minor infraction (unpan1.un.org). Grand corruption is a situation whereby a businessman and a senior ranking government official, and the figures exchanging hand are significant. A good example is the kickback received after government tenders or contracts are awarded. Looting is the third type of corruption. It has recently been described...
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...market Introduction: - Devaluation in job market means the mistreatment by the employers to the job seekers in different job farms. It causes great harm to countrymen. It is a social malady. Each and every government sector and most of the private job market sector of Bangladesh is affected by this illegal process. It is one of the most negative and harmful process in Bangladesh. It spreads it’s greedy clutches all over the country. To get a job in Bangladeshi job market every classes of job seekers has to face this devaluation problem both in govt. and private sectors and now a days this is becoming so common that the job seekers can’t ignore it even if they want to. The misuse of power, pelf, wealth and money is the root cause of this devaluation. There is no one to raise voice against this galloping corruption or the devaluation. This devaluation is not a new phenomenon. What is new and worrying in the magnitude and size of devaluation. It has spread its tentacles in every sphere of job sectors which is a huge threat for our development cause the development of a nation is so much dependent on the people of the nation and the people who will work for the development if they are not capable then the development can never be done. In recent years the concept of devaluation has received considerable attention and brought into light. So It’s causes have to be measured...
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