Free Essay

Rules of Narration Change

In:

Submitted By adhirudpmusic
Words 406
Pages 2
Direct Indirect

Designed by Mr. A.M. Dey and Mr. Sukanta

1. Direct Narration:
End Quotation
Object
Preposition
Some features ( How to know Direct Narration):

Stop
Direct Speech
Quotation
Comma
Reporting Verb
Speaker
Rita said to me , “ I will go to my friend’s house .”

1. Indirect Narration:
Object
Some features (How to know Direct Narration):

Stop
Inedirect Speech
Reporting Verb
Rita told me that she would go to her friend’s house .
Linker
Roporter Narrator

Chart of Reporting Verbs used in Indirect Narration

Sl No | Sentence Names | Direct Narration | Indirect Narration | 1 | Assertive | i) Says to ii) Say to iii) Shall say to iv) Will say v) Said to vi) Said | Tells Tell Shall tell Will say Told Said | 2 | Interrogative | Said | Asked or enquired of | 3 | Imperative | Said | OrderedAdvisedRequestedCommanded *** For Let construction: Suggested to Proposed to ( According to expressions) | 4 | Exclamatory | Said | Exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder/surprise/ anger etc. | 5 | Optative | Said | WishedPrayed( According to expressions) |

Linkers

SL. No | Sentence Names | Indirect Narration | 1 | Assertive | That | 2 | Interrogative | If/ Whether But no linker is used when the indirect speech starts with Wh- word like what , when or how. | 3 | Imperative | To In the Let Constructions: that | 4 | Exclamatory | That | 5 | Optative | That | Changes of Tense forms

S.L no | Tense forms in Direct Narration | Indirect Narration | 1 | Present Indefinite(Simple) | Past Indefinite | 2 | Present continuous | Past Continuous | 3 | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | 4 | Past Indefinite (Simple) | Past Perfect | 5 | Past Perfect | Past Perfect | 6 | Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous | 7 | Future ShallWill | Should Would |

Changes of Noun/pronouns to their concerned Pronouns according to the sense

Examples: 1. Jack said to Jerry , “ When will you come to my house”?
Ans: Jack asked Jerry when she would go to his house. 2. I said to Veer ,” Did you go to school yesterday?”
Ans: I asked/enquired of veer if/whether he had gone to school the day before.
More Examples

Some time and place related words are changed

| | SL. No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | 1 | Today | That day | 2 | Tomorrow | The next day | 3 | Yesterday | The previous day/the day before | 4 | Tonight | That night | 5 | Last week | The previous week | 6 | Next week | The following week | 7 | Just | Then | 8 | Long ago | Long before | 9 | Here | There | 10 | Come | Go | 11 | Hereby | Thereby | 12 | Now | Then | 13 | This | that | 14 | These | Those | 15 | Thus | So/in that way | 16 | Ago | Before/previously |

To be continued….

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Classroom Behaivors

...classroom. However, in this paper this will discuss the benefit of how Canter’s Behavior Management Cycle can benefit a child behavior. In this paper I will describe a child personality, behavior and how I will handle the student in my classroom. On page 72, the Canters’ insisted “The Canters’ approach urged teachers to “take charge” in the classroom and showed them how to do so- just what teachers were looking for at a time when prevailing permissiveness was making teaching ever more difficult” (Canters, 2001, pg. 72). This is a powerful tool that helps the teacher manage a discipline plan to address disruptive students. The Canters’ Cycle is a model that helps the teacher not only addresses disruption, but yet, allows students to learn and change the behavior. Every teacher has a disruptive child in their classroom. There is one specific child that always does something to interrupt. Sometimes a child may not have to do the big things but also, their small disruptive behaviors than cause disruption. There was a child name Joe and he was eight years old. He has his ways in getting the teacher attention, which I can never see to understand why he continue do the things he did. He was funny, lazy, and never seem to pay attention in class. There are students that sometimes seem to fall off track, but Joe seems to fall off track every time. His behavior was an everyday thing which as a teacher I needed to make a stand. As a teacher, I know exactly what I can do to put Joe exactly where...

Words: 1345 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

“Principle Based Accounting Standard Is More Beneficial to the Society Than Rules Based” - an Evaluative Study

...Information 1.1. Accounting Standards 1.2. Need for Accounting Standards Part 2: Types of Accounting Standards Rules Based Accounting Principle Based Accounting System Part: 3 Comparisons of Principle and Rules Based Accounting Standards Conceptual Framework Flexibility of Rules and Principles International Accounting Platform Comparability of Financial Statements Realistic Representation of Accounting Information Part:4 Findings of the Research Study Part :5 Conclusion Reference Appendix Appendix 1: Narration on Figure 1 - Qualities of Accounting Information Abstract The proposed research paper attempts to illustrate the importance of a global accounting system and the impact of standards on the global market, as well as, providing the means for comparable financial reporting for decision making by both investors and corporations. This research provides understanding about the major differences of a Rules-based and Principal Based Accounting Systems, including the benefits and drawbacks of such a shift. Proponents of principles-based accounting blame the Rules-Based Accounting System for the major accounting scandals. They believe that the Rules-Based system encourages the use of financial structuring to achieve desired accounting results, which will undermine the quality of financial reporting. Supporters of rules-based accounting argue that principles-based accounting relies heavily on judgment, which will reduce the consistency and comparability...

Words: 3080 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Canter

...Running Head: Canter’s Behavior Management Cycle: A Case Study Canter’s Behavior Management Cycle: A Case Study It only takes one student, whose disruptive behavior impacts the entire learning environment of the whole class. Disruptive behavior can be any behavior that bothers, interferes with, disturbs, or prevents effective learning (Canter, 2006). Disruptive behavior can be broken down into three categories: verbal behavior, physical movement, and participation in an activity. The largest category of disruptions can be found in verbal behavior (Canter, 2006). The following case study deals with classroom disruptions of verbal behavior. Case Study Eric is 15 years old. He is a sophomore at Everyday High School. Eric was a very good student last year with little behavioral issues. However this year, Eric has been displaying disruptive behavior in the classroom. Over the summer, Eric’s parents got divorced. Eric’s dad, Dennis, was having an affair, and moved in with his girlfriend thirty miles away. Eric’s mom, Julie, caught Dennis cheating on her which tore her to pieces. Julie has not taken the split of very well. She has begun drowning her sorrows with the heavy use of alcohol. Julie is also meeting with a counselor to help her work through this tough issue in her life. She has been having so much trouble dealing with the situation, that she sent Eric to live with her parents...

Words: 1918 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Film Form Analysis

...Film Form and Analysis Cinematography Cinematography describes the process by which a film strip is exposed to light to create an image. It encompasses many factors: the camera’s distance from the action, camera angle and direction, type of lens, camera movement, and lighting, among others. The art of cinematography also includes mise-en-scène—the arrangement of objects and movements in the frame. Shot Types The amount of visual information included in the image depends on the distance of the camera from the action and on the focal length of the camera lens. Throughout the history of cinema, filmmakers have favored certain combinations of camera distance and focal length, or shot types. * Extreme long shot: Captures a scene in its entirety; used for establishing location in exterior shots. Used frequently in epic genres such as westerns and war films, it reduces human beings to mere dots on the screen. * Long shot: Accommodates at least the entire bodies of figures (if that is all the shot includes, it is called a full shot). Captures movement, background, and broad gestures and expressions. * Medium shot: Contains a figure from the waist or knees up. It is a functional shot, favored in classical Hollywood editing, often used for scenes with dialogue. * Close-up: Includes very little if any background, concentrating on an object or, if an extreme close-up, a fragment of an object, such as the human face. Close-ups often accord great significance and symbolic...

Words: 5540 - Pages: 23

Free Essay

The Hungergame

...The Hunger Games are a series of yearly events in which one boy and one girl aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death. The Hunger Game book contains the original ideas; however, The Hunger Games movie has some different contents that don’t resemble the same contents of the book. In other words, there are some characters and scene that are different. The book mentions characters that were omitted in the movie such as Madge Undersee, the Avox girl, and Peeta’s father. In the other hand, some characters are presented in both similarly such as Cinna and Rue. The book and the movie are narrated in two different styles; the book as a first person narration whereas the movie as a third. As a result, some scenes are added to the movie and are not in the book. Madge Undersee is the daughter of the mayor of District 12 and Katniss’ best female friend. She is one of the first characters that are introduced in the book; however she is not mentioned in the movie whatsoever. Madge goes to the same school that Katniss and Peeta attend. She is the only one who sits with Katniss during lunch at school. She is one of the people who come and say goodbye to Katniss and she gives her the mockingjay pin. Nevertheless, in the movie, the pin is given to Katniss by a dealer of the Hob. The movie goes on to...

Words: 936 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

The Role Of Women's Suffrage In The United States

...To make cake, its eggs need to be beaten. To make women, their wills need to be beaten. Societies throughout history make women second class citizens reliant on their sons, husbands, and fathers. They are, in some countries, treated worse than children or pets. Although the U.S. ranks as the leading nation in protecting women’s rights, women are still enslaved by obsolete traditional values characterized through economic inequality and sexualization. The 19th amendment was officially ratified by the states in 1920, granting women the right to vote. Eight years later, America’s mother, Great Britain, followed by passing a law that also guaranteed women’s suffrage. But a change in legislation is not enough. There needs to be a change in mindset...

Words: 587 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Summary

...Summary 1. A summary is a clear concise orderly retelling of the contents of a text and is ordinarily about 1/3 or 1/4 as long as the original. To make a summary you should: a) write out clearly in your own words the main points of the text, subordinating or eliminating minor points; b) preserve the proportion of the original; c) change direct narration to indirect, use words instead of word combinations and word combinations instead of sentences; d) omit figures of speech, repetitions and most examples; e) use proper names instead of personal pronouns; f) don’t introduce any extra material by way of opinion, interpretation or appreciation. 2. Words and phrases suitable for a summary: a) At the beginning of the story the author describes (depicts, dwells on, touches upon, explains, introduces, mentions, recalls, characterizes, criticizes, analyses, comments on, enumerates, points out, generalizes, makes a few critical remarks, reveals, exposes, accuses, blames, condemns, mocks at, ridicules, praises, sympathizes with, gives a summary of, gives his account of, makes an excursus into, digresses from the subject to describe the scenery, etc.); b) The story (the author) begins with a/the description of (the mention of, the analysis of, a/the comment on, a review of, an accounts of, a summary of, the characterization of, his opinion of, his recollection of, the enumeration of, the criticism of, some/a few critical remarks about, the accusation of, the/his...

Words: 455 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Revision Letter

...community. A member is a small part of an identity to the community. The community I selected was the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, and the specific member was Daniel Vega, a director of the language and culture department. In revising this essay, I feel that a principal global factor that the paper lacked was organization. Organization is a key component that molds an essay. According to Rules for Writers, “these patterns (sometimes called methods of development) have different uses, depending on the writers subject and purpose” (35) explaining that it depends on the type of essay I am trying to convey to the audience. The essay was short of an appropriate organization as far as an outline. I went back to the basics and rewrote my topic sentences, as well as my support and details briefly. It provided me with a basic knowledge of exactly what my paper was going to look like and consist of. With this exercise, I was able to recognize the details and the evidence that belong to other sections of the essay. Since this is a profile essay, it contains a mix of organizations to utilize: description, narration and includes a slight bit of process. It relies on what you are including in the profile. With these organizations, I am able to combine the essence of their purposes, and create the profile that will exemplify these styles. Another aspect that I am revising is coherency. Although the writer has a sense of what they want to convey throughout the paper, the reader is not...

Words: 919 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Student Diversity and Classroom Management

...Student Diversity and Classroom Management Grand Canyon University- EDU 450 October 20, 2013 In today’s classrooms teachers have a lot of diversity to deal with while trying to teach. When it comes to diversity in the class it varies from cultural, mental socio-economic, physical differences. Educators today have to be able to meet all the needs of the students within the class. Teachers need to have knowledge of all the different types of diversity. All of the diversities within the classroom can present several challenges upon the teacher when it comes to discipline. When it comes to maintaining order in the classroom it can be a difficult thing for new teachers it they do not have a lot of assistants. Over the years students have become defiant and teachers are unprepared to deal with the issues. If teachers do not have control of the classroom it can lead to poor classroom management. This paper will discuss five classroom management strategies that will promote critical thinking and gain the students attention within the classroom. The five strategies will include Canter’s Behavior Management Cycle, Win-Win Discipline, Kounin’s Lesson Management, B. F. Skinner’s Discipline through Shaping Behavior and William Glasser’s Discipline Guide by Choice. Using the Canter’s Behavior Management Cycle in the class can help teachers keep the class in order and control. The Canters can be an assertive discipline approach when it comes to teachers using this management...

Words: 1116 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Under Armour New Kid on the Block

...made its mark on the world of sports apparel and accessories. They have achieved what could be called “overnight success” when comparing them with the longevity and profits, that until recently, their competitors Nike and Adidas maintained within the industry. “Under Amour’s $3 billion in annual global sales pales in comparison with Nike's $28 billion, but Under Armour is increasingly growing its share of the sector, recently overtaking Adidas to become the second-largest athletics brand in the US”.(O’Reilly, 2015). Their various campaign commercials prove they are on a mission to appeal to customers of all demographics and athletes of all sports to remain a mainstay in athletic wear and gear. Rule Yourself- You are the Sum of All Your Training1 Under Armour’s newest campaign, Rule Yourself, showcases and market apparel to the younger athletes of different sports, both female and male. Their commercial titled “You are the Sum of All Your Training features three athletes in their younger twenties; basketball player Stephen Curry, ballet dancer Misty Copeland and golfer Jordan Speif. At the start of the each athlete is surrounded by thousands of their own “clones” training for their particular sport. As the commercial continues the clones gradually decrease right down to only one remaining. The end is the most intriguing and unique part of the commercial that appears with the slogan “You are a sum of all your training”. Company logo’d apparel and accessories synonymous with...

Words: 1013 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Literature and Freedom

...Student’s name Professor’s name Course Date Literature and Freedom The literature on freedom is one that provides empathy on the narration about the characters that are portrayed by the writers. Freedom is a perception of the minds as well as a belief of the particular status whether on an individual level or not. Freedom presents an image of the beliefs of the society in defining what is wrong and right. Different communities have rules to which those who believe in them follow and this is diverse depending on culture. Literature is mutually related to freedom as the writer chooses the direction the story will head and the reader has the option of acceptance or denial about the theme in the story. The analysis is presented of two artists who have dwelled on the subject of freedom in their narration providing a clear understanding of the association between liberty and literature. The woman’s swimming pool is a story by Hanna Al-Shaykh, who portrays the conventional fights women face in Islamic-Arab countries. In the story, she plainly depicts the depleting pressure the young storyteller faces as she satisfies the objectives of going to the sea. The presentation of the narration is from a young woman side where accompanied by her grandmother embark on the journey to Beirut to make her fantasy on visiting the sea one day come true. The story denotes the contention of strict religious points of view and customary views, and the restrictions that a young woman faces when in...

Words: 2171 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Mitchell Sanders And Tim O Brien: Summary

...with the elements of the wilderness. When Fossie pressured her to return to the states, Mary Anne decided to leave and escape into the jungles, describing in detail how she changed and wore a necklace made of human tongues. Kiley stopped there abruptly, which irritated Sanders as “it’s against the rules” to finish the story without an ending. Later resuming his tale and satisfying Sander’s curiosity, Kiley reminded him that the ending was not from personal experience but a speculation. In this chapter, the author had two purposes: prove how fiction and truth are often blended together...

Words: 596 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Virudhh

...“No man is born too strong to fight a battle , its the circumstances that change him and make him do what he thought he was incapable of” Star Cast: Virudhh starring Mr. Amitabh Bachchan, Mrs. Sharmila Tagore , John Abraham , Mr. Sanjay Dutt PLOT This entire story is a narrative from the point of view of Amar (John) who is all set to return to his home after studying abroad for a few years. The movie opens with a joyous scene of a happy couple Mr. Vidhyadhar Patwardhan (Amitabh Bachachan) and his wife Mrs. Sumitra Patwardhan (Sharmila Tagore) whose love is not a parameter of their age. They are very excited to welcome their son back. Amar secretly plans with his father about how to bring his girlfriend along. Amar returns with Jenny (Anushka) who is welcomed by the family. On the night of his birthday the family plans to surprise Amar, so they send him to a party. Meanwhile they decorate the home and are merry making. The family is taken aback by the sudden news of Amar being killed in a shooting spree.Amar was killed by the son of famous minister. The movie revolves around Vidhyadhar Patwardhan’s fight for justice for his only son. ACTING In terms of acting this is one of the finest work of Mr. Bachchan. The whole act of a cheerful, friendly prankster father to a helpless, agonized vengeful father is pulled off greatly by him. He is not just a father, but a devoted husband who keeps track of entire medication of his wife. There is another funny side to him where he...

Words: 690 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Elements of an Essay/Research Paper

...reworking and improving the draft (revising), and proofreading and correcting errors. Discovering – The first stage in the writing process. It may include finding a topic, exploring the topic, determining purpose and audience, probing ideas, doing reading and research, planing and organizing material. Discovery usually involves writing and is aided considerably by putting preliminary thought and plans in writing. Organizing – The sequence in which the information or ideas in an essay are presented. Drafting – The stage in the writing process during which the writer puts ideas into complete sentences, connects them, and organizes them into a meaningful sequence. Revising – The stage in the writing process during which the author makes changes in focus, organization, development, style, and mechanics to make the writing more effective. Editing – The last stage in the writing process during which the writer focuses on the details of mechanics and correctness. Discovering Audience – The readers for whom a piece of writing is intended. Many essays are aimed at a general audience, but a writer can focus on a specific group of readers. Topic or Subject - The particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report, or speech. The primary topic of a paragraph may be expressed in a thesis statement. The main topic of an essay, report, or speech may be expressed in a thesis statement. Purpose – The writer's reasons for writing; what the writer wants to accomplish...

Words: 6328 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Literary Anaysyst of the Yellow Wallpaper

...Analysis on “The Yellow Wallpaper” Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut. Gilman was a writer and social activist during the late 1800s and early 1900s. She had a tough childhood. Her father, Frederick Beecher Perkins, but he abandoned the family, leaving Charlotte's mother to raise two children on her own. Gilman moved around a lot as a result and her education suffered greatly for it. Gilman married Charles Stetson in 1884 and the couple had a daughter named Katherine. Sometime during her ten year marriage to Stetson, Gilman experienced a severe depression and suffered a series of uncommon treatments for it. This experience is believed to have inspired her to the short story "The Yellow Wall-Paper" (1892). The story takes the form of undisclosed journal entries written by a woman who is supposed to be recovering from what her husband, a physician, calls a "temporary nervous depression”. This haunting psychological horror story chronicles the narrator's descent into madness, or perhaps depending on your interpretation, into freedom. The author’s use of setting, conflict and point of view, provide this short story with the drama needed to capture the reader’s attention. The author begins the story using the key element setting to keep the readers mind in a constant roam. The narrator's view of the setting is colored by her limited and troubled perspective. She sees the yellow wallpaper in the room as a mostly evil and troubling...

Words: 760 - Pages: 4