...Runway Incursion Prevention Lorenzo Stewart Academy College Runway Incursion Prevention Ground controllers use a team communication effort to ensure that support vehicles and aircraft that are taxiing remain clear of active runways. There are many types of safety systems that are in place to help prevent runway incursions, for instance runway lighting or signage that identifies a runway or a hold short point. I will cover just a few of these basic communication systems and how they have progressed from their first implementation to their modern day counterparts. Communication is currently believed to be the weakest link in aviation systems, so let’s identify aviation safety’s strong areas. Lighting is simple and resilient system and perfect way to make a purposed area stand out from another area while identifying the boundaries of both. This system is proven in day and night condition as well as poor weather and low visibility situations. There are several types of lighting used on an airport, the first type is runway edge lighting these lights are the industry standard located on either side of the runway and are elevated by a short metal pole to help clear the grass or snow the lights are spaced at intervals of 200 feet and out line the full length of the runway. These lights are white in color and use a special lens called a Frensel lens this unique lens is designed to concentrate the light...
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...Sky High Airlines Safety Program SFTY 345 Embry-Riddle Aeronautial University REVIEW / REVISION RECORD REVISION NUMBER | EFFECTIVE DATE | ACTION TO BE TAKEN | POSTED BY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. STATEMENT OF POLICY 2. ORGANIZATION 3. AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 4. REPORTING OF ACCIDENTS, INCIDENTS AND HAZARDS 5. DISTRIBUTION OF AVIATION SAFETY INFORMATION 6. AVIATION SAFETY COMMITTEES 7. AVIATION SAFETY AUDITS 8. AVIATION SAFETY TRAINING 9. AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION 10. AVIATION SAFETY ANALYSIS 11. REVIEW AND REVISION 1. STATEMENT OF POLICY The Sky High Airlines considers accident prevention to provide a safe working environment and safety transportation to our employees and passengers as a prime objective in all department operations. Sky High Airlines also intends to provide the public safety of transportation to the nation. In pursuit of these goals, Sky High Airlines will use safety strategy to maintain the highest standard of an active aviation safety program and all department individual are expected to be 100 percent participate in the program with responsibility and exist in critical thinking, planning, and actions of others. All employees are...
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...On 22 JUN 16, I evaluated the LUH-72 visually on the ground and performed several maneuvers in flight for 1.4 hours. Environmental factors are as follows; winds were 280 degrees at 5 knots on the surface and aloft winds at 2000 feet MSL were 290 degrees at 15 knots. Light turbulence was found at altitude and multiple thermals were encountered throughout the flight. Sky condition was scattered and the average flight temperature was around 28 degrees Celsius. Evaluation of the helicopter began at preflight. The Lakota is a twin engine, skid landing gear, dual hydraulic system with only the number one hydraulic system powering the tail rotor. The main rotor system contains four composite main rotor blades that are hingeless. The main rotor is a rigid rotor system. The tail rotor system is a teetering dual bladed system that incorporates a Delta Hinge. The tail section also incorporated 3 wings for stability and a gurney flap on the number one side surface wing to increase downward force. The flight began with normal start procedures. Initial pickup required normal coordinated flight inputs with an average torque setting of 60% at a gross weight of 6,360 lbs. The aircraft used a flight management computer along with force trim to maintain a stable hover with minimum control inputs. Nap of the earth (NOE) deceleration was handled smoothly with minimal changes in altitude and no abnormal vibrations or unusual control changes. The aircraft’s main rotor design made NOE flight responsive...
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...I. Overview of Air Cargo Security Management 1. General Air Cargo Security Situation Today, aviation is one of the world’s most important business. The growth of the industry over the past decades has made it one of the biggest contributor to the expansion of global economy. Therefore, an emphasis on airline security is undoubtedly important. Logistics security is not only contingent on safe passage and avoidance of hazards, but also assurance that goods have not been tampered with and kept secure. There are several security threats such as Terrorism, Organised Crime and Cargo Theft, Hijacking and Piracy, Drug/human smuggling, Illegal weapons, Counterfeit goods, Illegal exports of licensed materials/technology For instance, transnational criminal organizations use the aviation system to transport contraband and, increasingly, people across the globe. Cocaine smugglers have used the FedEx air delivery system to transport their products across the United States, and narcotics smugglers from Guyana have used U.S Mail pouches to smuggle millions of dollars worth of cocaine into the United States through JFK. Hijackings were the most popular tactic for many individuals. Between 1967 and 2004 there were nearly 1000 airline hijackings. It is estimated that approximately 85 percent were carried out for political purposes. The rest were conducted by terrorists. The international civil aviation regime began to respond to the menace, deploying the so-called X-ray machines, for example...
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...http://business.flydenver.com/community/masterplan/faqs.asp What is an Airport Master Plan? As defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), an airport master plan is a comprehensive study of an airport and usually describes the short-, medium-, and long-term development plans to meet future aviation demand. Airport master plans serve as facility development guides for a long-range planning horizon (usually 20 to 25 years), and summarize an airport’s strategy for the development of the airport. The goal of a master plan is to provide the framework needed to guide future airport development that will cost-effectively satisfy aviation demand, while considering potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Master Plans also provide the airport with the tools to react to uncertainties by examining key trends in the aviation industry, such as changing airline business models, improvements in technology, and local/regional economics that could affect airport activity. Master plans vary in the level of detail and complexity depending on the size, function, issues and challenges of the airports under study. FAA Advisory Circular 150/5070-6B Airport Master Plans provides guidance for the preparation of airport master plans. Read the FAA Advisory Circular (Adobe PDF) Specific objectives of the Master Plan Update put forth by Denver International Airport (DIA) include the following: Maintain and ensure the safety and security...
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...Which fashion model a thin, rail like figure popular in the 1960's? Fashions and styles very much different from the 1950’s, you can say, the styles were much bolder and revolutionary from the proper and prim attitudes and styles of the 1950’s. Have never been accepted prior to the 1960’s were popular, like the mini-skirt and form fitting dresses and skirts. Another fad or style that became popular in the 1960’s was being thin, especially for females. In order to wear the popular mini-skirts and other form fitting dresses, many women had to be thin enough. Thinness became popular with comp the 1960’s brought on a whole slew of fads, fashions, and styles very much different from the 1950’s. You can say, the styles were much bolder and revolutionary from the proper and prim attitudes and styles of the 1950’s. Clothes that would have never been accepted prior to the 1960’s were popular, like the mini-skirt and form fitting dresses and skirts. Another fad or style that became popular in the 1960’s was being thin, especially for females. In order to wear the popular miniskirts and other form fitting dresses, many women had to be thin enough. But the bigger reason why thin was becoming more and more popular was because of models like Twiggy, a popular model in the 1960’s known for her extremely thin appearance, showcasing their extremely thin bodies. All of sudden, thinness became popular with company executives, the entertainment business, and society as a whole. It was...
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...Hustle and bustle, reminiscent of that in a bee-hive, surrounded me from every direction. Bright colours of azure, red and indigo vaguely appeared in front of me, forming an abstract painting full of mixed colours, before disappearing almost instantaneously into the crowd. Several mouths opened around me, but no words came out, their voices drowned in the sea of bawling and wailing emanating from children shrieking to grown-ups arguing. An abrasive, boney elbow dug deep into my ribs with no feelings of remorse, leaving me fumbling my hands over my new wound. Lingering in the air was the smell of Chanel and Dior from woman in high heels trying to make their flights on time. A rumbling and occasional squeaking sound was present from the countless branded luggage bags hurdling through the crowd. My head swirling, I walked further into the airport, trying to find somewhere quiet. A herd of furious and upset people protested loudly, some were even in tears. Authorities tried to tame the situation, however, a four hour delay was too much. Children started going off like alarm clocks due to all the commotion, and adults more aggressive when trying to show their emotions. Some demanded compensation, spitting on the helpless employees when talking rudely, not showing any signs of respect. Amid all the quarrels and fractious people, a round eyed girl peers out from behind the cover of the book she is assiduously reading, her hair sits neatly at her shoulders, perfectly combed to the...
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...) ( ) Assume good weather conditions, and a 65% passenger load factor. What are the per plane delay times (assuming the arrival rate to be 50, 55 and 59 planes per hour)? What is the total cost (operational and passenger costs) associated with arrival rates of 50 planes per hour, for all three types of planes mentioned? What are your results if the arrival rate is i) 55 planes per hour? ii) 59 planes per hour? b) ( ) Now resolve the above question using the FAA’s definition of delay? Do you think this definition of delay is more reasonable? c) If you think the above definition of delay is not reasonable, suggest an alternative. d) Based on your calculations in part a) and part b), do you believe PPP is a potential solution (by reducing the arrival rates during periods where demand is much higher) to reduce the costs of over scheduling? QUESTION 2 Once you read the Delay at Logan Airport case it is clear that peak periods exist for a reason. That is, they are not random fluctuations but rather a result of passenger’s desires for landings and takeoffs at certain times of the day. Therefore airlines will shift flights to different periods only if the costs of incurring peak charges outweigh the costs (in terms of lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction) of shifting flights to off-peak periods. Continue to assume that planes fly with 35% of passenger seats empty (that is, 65% load factor) and also assume that per passenger revenue for different aircraft sizes are as follows;...
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...Running head: “SAFETY PILOT” AND “NEVER AGAING” ANALYSIS 1 “SAFETY PILOT” AND “NEVER AGAING” ANALYSIS Dionela Orozco Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Escuela De Aviación y Logística Florida Institute of Technology, College of Aeronautics Author note This paper was prepared for AVT 4301, Aviation Safety-Panama, taught by Dr. Ballar. M. Barker “SAFETY PILOT” AND “NEVER AGAING” ANALYSIS Abstract Human factor is one of the most important issues in regard of safety and risk management ,In general aviation human error is common due the facility of handle low loads and fly easier trips, Pilots get bad habits and their behavior can increase the chances of failure in flight, not be able of make a good decision can produce serious accidents and incidents, Do not have the complete information and work with inaccurate data is also common among pilots in general aviation it results in a risk taken every time they’ve flown , latent conditions can be placed for a long time but when it is combined with a bad decision or action could result in a loss; nowadays efforts have improved the aviation safety over the world , but the major challenge is change the bad mindsets and behaviors of the aeronautical personnel to achieve a culture of safety 2 “SAFETY PILOT” AND “NEVER AGAING” ANALYSIS Safety Pilot Starting the reading of the article we can notice that before the series of errors the Pilot in command has had a friend asking about whether one more passenger wouldn’t affect...
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...Aeronautical Science Perspective Paper Explain the impact of airport design, development, operations, and funding sources on airport systems. Abstract The impact of airport design, strategy, operations, and funding are all key parts in getting the consumer from point A to point B. If one of these key concepts is disregarded, the whole process can stop operating. Planes can crash, people can be hurt, airports can be closed, and you cannot get to your destination as planned. Each one of these concepts have many reasons why they make such a large impact in all airports. Everyone knows these days that air travel is expensive. This is not just the airfare ticket you are paying for now a days. The baggage fees are almost a one-way ticket by themselves and then you have to pay for any addition items you might want like beverages or food on the plane. So you decide not purchase anything on the plane to try and save some cash. Instead you plan on purchasing the items at the airport when you land, but then you realize everything is more expensive within the security checkpoints. Well airports are all developed and designed in a specific way to allow competition within their airports to allow a bigger profit and further fund future development. When it comes to funding airports there are a couple sources the money comes from. The first to be known is the airport and special facility bonds issued by the government. These bonds were issued to certain facilities like airports to...
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...Management and Development Agreement (OMDA) on April 4, 2006 with the AAI. The initial term of the concession is 30 years extendable by a further 30 years Besides upgrading the existing terminals, DIAL has already commissioned a new runway 11-29 at IGI Airport on September 25, 2008. It has also inaugurated the new domestic departure terminal 1D (T1D) on 26th February, 2009. T1D will increase the capacity of domestic departures to 10 million passengers per annum. The new terminal has a modern 4 level in-line baggage handling system to eliminate baggage X-ray prior to check in, spacious security hold area with extensive F&B and retail facilities, special contact zone for passengers with special needs and baggage handling area on a separate level allowing greater space for passenger amenities. DIAL is also constructing an integrated passenger terminal (Terminal 3). The first phase of the airport is designed to handle 60 million passengers per annum (mppa). This phase will be completed by 31st March 2010 and will be fully operational before the Commonwealth Games. This development would form just the first phase of the airport expansion. In subsequent stages, the airport will be further developed with the increase in passenger demand and more terminals and runways would be added in a modular manner to form a U shaped complex with an ultimate design capacity of 100 million passengers per annum....
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...and therefore a solution has to be found to ensure the survival of Logan airport. The major causes of these delays include the adverse weather conditions as well as the fact that demand tends to be clustered at certain periods of the day. There are several approaches that can be taken to conquer this delay problem. The first option, which has been determined to be the best alternative, is to build another runway. This would ensure at least two operating runways at all times, regardless of weather conditions. The second option proposed for dealing with the delay issue is that of peak period pricing (PPP), which entails increasing airline fees during periods of high demand in order to spread the demand for flights more evenly throughout the day. Problem analysis Weather is the foremost cause of delays in the case of Logan Airport. The airport’s operational capacity is significantly impacted by these adverse weather conditions (declining from approximately 120 operations per hour in normal conditions to approximately 80 operations per hour). In some cases, entire runways must be shut down depending on the extent of the weather adversity. Approximately 70-75% of flights at Logan are delayed due to weather issues. In addition, Logan can be distinguished from other airports due to the fact that it is commonly used by smaller aircrafts (non-jet airplanes) carrying smaller amounts of passengers than commercial flights. Besides carrying fewer passengers, these aircrafts also...
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...Air Traffic Controller Essay Air Traffic Controller is an occupation were you work with pilots and guide them safely from the time they push back to when they park at the gate. Being an Air Traffic Controller is a difficult job, they have a big responsibility which is to keep everyone safe in the skies. They are responsible for the safety, separation and sequencing of aircraft. I was told that in the tower that this is a job where you have to be alert to all of the surroundings, weather and pilots doing what they are supposed to be doing. This job is not like some people say it is. It’s not easy; this job takes a lot of training and a lot of patience with the pilots. In ATC you have three positions: the first is “Clearance Delivery” is when the pilot calls the tower to request his clearance to their destination. The pilot calls clearance and he’d say the type of aircraft they are flying, were his parked at and their destination. For example: “Vieques 892 requesting clearance to Boriquen” then the controller tells the pilot: “Vieques 892 you are cleared to Boriquen via the assigned route and gives them an assigned transponder code.” The Boriquen airport is the name for Aguadilla airport or in the aviation language BQN is the three letter identifier. In Luis Muñoz Marin international airport the larger companies like Delta, JetBlue, United and others have a service they pay for. It’s a third party company that gives them the clearance information in a short computer message that...
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...MDA and reported that he had the approach lights in sight. The pilot immediately after he reported that he had the approach lights in sight descended to 100 feet above touchdown zone elevation and struck a rising tree covered hill a few miles from the end of the runway. This crash was the cause of not fully understanding the regulation and all that it says. In section (c), Operation below DH/DA or MDA, subsection (1) states that: The aircraft is continuously in a position from which a decent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of decent using normal maneuvers… The aircraft did not follow that particular part of the regulation. It is extremely important to remember that no pilot without meeting 3 things. The first has been mentioned above, the second states that: The flight visibility cannot be less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach being used And the third is that part that most instrument rated know verbatim, and it states: (3) Except for a Category II or Category III approach where any necessary visual reference requirements are specified by the Administrator, at least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot: (i) The approach light system, except that the pilot may not descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a reference unless the red terminating bars...
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.... When the Memphis Municipal Airport opened in the 1920’s, it was seven miles from downtown. Yet, American and Chicago and Southern Airlines operated from grass strips surrounded by farmland. Over the years, the airport grew as Memphis grew. Grass strips gave way to concrete. Farm hangars were replaced with a proper terminal. The radial throb of DC-7’s and Super Connies disappeared and were replaced with the scream of turbojets from 707’s and DC-8’s. The airport, which was once on the outskirts of town, was now surrounded by suburban neighborhoods. People who bought houses near a small airport in the 1950s and '60s had no idea that soon, its largest tenant FedEx, would make the airport the busiest in the world between 10 pm and 3 am. People living near the airport began complaining about a whole range of discordant sounds, from the banshee wail of taxing jets to the ceiling shaking thunder of the engines on takeoff. Noise pollution became an unfortunate side effect of the jet age. The U.S. began enacting legislative controls with the Aircraft Noise Abatement Act in 1968. This authorized the FAA to prescribe standards for the measurement of aircraft noise. This act was later modified by the Noise Control Act of 1972 which now required consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). "The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States to promote an environment for all Americans free from noise that jeopardizes their health or...
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