...Rural Development policy of Ethiopia with particular emphasis on: Market-led agricultural development strategy A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GaDS 503 Development Perspectives and Political theories. By: Nardos Legesse School of Governance and Development Studies College of Law and Governance (M.A Development Management) Hawassa University Hawassa January, 2013 List of contents Contents page 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…1 2. Working towards market led agricultural development……………………………………….2 2.1 Agricultural developments- key to poverty reduction………………………………...2 2.2 Agricultural development not driven by market forces can’t be rapid and sustainable.3 2.3 The role of markets in productivity of agricultural sector …………………………... 4 2.4 Building an agricultural marketing system…………………………………………....5 2.4.1 Grading agricultural product……………………………………………..….5 2.4.2 Provision of market information………………………………………...…..5 2.4.3 Promoting...
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...and its impact on Rural market, Consumers and Farmers in India Notan Bhusan Kar* Abstract Globalization, liberalization and privatization have brought many changes in the Indian economy. Since 1991, the New Economic Policy has been implemented in India and that policy is clearly associated with Globalization. As a result, many multinational companies (MNCs) along with indigenous products have entered into Indian Market. The rural market is the biggest market in India because two third of the Indian consumers live in rural areas. Most consumers of these regions, which is around 70 percent, are engaged in agriculture and its allied works for their livelihood. Over 70 percent of sales are made to the middle class households today of which over 50 percent of the middle class belong to rural India. Thus the rural market has been growing to the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and is now bigger than the urban market. According to a study by Chennai-based Francis Kanoi Marketing Planning Services Pvt. Ltd. today the rural market in India is worth Rs.1,23,000 crores, among which Rs.45,000 crores are agri-inputs market. To capture this lucrative market, many producers including multinationals have been developing their marketing strategies. It is a fact that due to ignorance and low awareness, most of the rural consumers are helpless against the unethical marketing practices of these greedy marketers. This paper aims to examine whether the purchasing power of the rural people has really...
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...ICTs for Better Marketing of Agricultural Produce in Bangladesh 1. Introduction Agriculture is the most important sector in the economy of Bangladesh. As the largest private enterprise, agriculture contributes about 21% of the GDP, sustains the livelihood of about 52% of the labour force and remains a major supplier of raw materials for agro-based industries in Bangladesh [1]. The rural economy of Bangladesh is transforming, the specific manifestation is non-farm economy is flourishing. Out of 80% of total population living in rural areas, 46% are employed in the non-farm sector [2]. In Bangladesh, the alarming trend is that income share of lower tier people has decreased, widening gap between the richest and poorest [3]. According to PRSP, 2005, agriculture must grow yearly by at least 4-4.5%. It is apparently possible through increasing agricultural productivity based on modern agricultural technology and a supply chain linking farmers with consumers in the domestic and global markets [1]. In a market economy framework, access to information is crucial in terms of having access to market and getting price advantage in the production process. Unfortunately, there is no separate market for the poor producers of goods and services. Accordingly, access to information may drastically change the situation in favor of the poor producers within and outside the country. Country like Bangladesh where most of its population live in villages and depend on agriculture as their main occupation...
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...The boundary of the island covers 65610 of Square Kilometres. Per Capita GDP was US $ 2836 by year 2011 and was composed with agriculture 11.2%, industry 29.3%, and services 59.5%. Sri Lanka had an agriculture based economy when we liberated from the British rule by 1948. There were two main categories as export and subsistence agriculture. Yet there was a very week relationship in between these categories. 85% of the total population lived in rural areas and they made their living by agriculture related activities. Agriculture was under the private sector by the time we gained freedom. Sustainable agriculture mainly depended on field crops such as rice, millet, sweet potato and maize and export agriculture depended on major plantation crops such as tea, coconut and rubber and on minor export crops such as cinnamon, pepper, cocoa and coffee. These export crops had a contribution of approximately 33% to the gross domestic production of the country. Even though livestock management was a main aspect of Sri Lankan agriculture it was neglected through the last few decades. Fishery was also such neglected field. But according to the national policy of the country it is a positive trend to see that agriculture has given a priority. All the governments established in the country after the liberation implement number of activities for the development of agriculture such as infrastructure, irrigation, agricultural loans, establishment of institutional structure for inputs and extension services...
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...Indian Marketing Environment a. Demographic Scene • Close to one billion population • Growth rate over 2% per annum • Life expectancy from 48 years in 1947 to 70 years in 2001 • National literacy rate is over 50% (2001 census) . • Diverse religions and languages • Dialects in few hundreds. b. Economic Scene Top ten economies of the world. Our GDP is growing at 5.5% per annum. • Agriculture 16% • Industry 24% • Services 60% Slow growth rates till 70’s. Average 3% p.a. Last two decades have seen massive growth in the industry and services sector. In 90’s spectacular growth after liberalization One of the fastest growing economies of the world b. Economic Scene Top ten economies of the world. Our GDP is growing at 5.5% per annum. • Agriculture 16% • Industry 24% • Services 60% Slow growth rates till 70’s. Average 3% p.a. Last two decades have seen massive growth in the industry and services sector. In 90’s spectacular growth after liberalization One of the fastest growing economies of the world c. Agricultural Scene Predominance is there. Dependence has reduced 2/3 rd population dependent directly/indirectly on agriculture. Rural markets development at a faster rate. Impressive achievements. Self dependent. Rare foodgrain imports. Main cause of development of other sectors. c. Agricultural Scene Predominance is there. Dependence has reduced 2/3 rd population dependent directly/indirectly on agriculture. Rural...
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...about 17 % of the world’s human population and 15 % of the livestock. Agriculture is a critical sector of the Indian economy. Though its contribution to the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country has fallen from about 30 % in 1990-91 to less than 15 % in 2011-12, a trend that is expected in the development process of any economy, agriculture yet forms the backbone of development. An average Indian still spends almost half of his/her total expenditure on food, while roughly half of India’s work force is still engaged in agriculture for its livelihood. Being both a source of livelihood and food security for a vast majority of low income, poor and vulnerable sections of society, its performance assumes greater significance in view of the proposed National Food Security Bill and the ongoing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme. Accelerating the growth of agriculture production is therefore necessary not only to achieve an overall GDP target of 8 % during the 12th Plan and meet the rising demand for food, but also to increase incomes of those dependent on agriculture to ensure inclusiveness. As per the Central Statistics Office (CSO) revised estimates (released on 31st January 2013 of GDP, agriculture and allied sectors grew at 3.6 per cent during 2011-12, recording an average rate of growth of 3.6 per cent per year during the 11th Plan (2007-12). The Indian Agriculture growth pattern has been very diverse at the state level. As...
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...their living by doing such activities. It includes about 30% of the country’s GDP. Near about 60% people of our country are involved with agricultural activities which prove that a large amount of labor force is doing such activities. It has a great impact on some major objectives, such as- employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 10.11% and 7.33% respectively. For a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved stable increases in food grain production in spite of the often hostile weather conditions. It contains better flood control and irrigation. Agricultural product of Bangladesh: Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh. The production of rice can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. Wheat is also a valuable agricultural product of our country. However due to weather conditions the production of rice and wheat fluctuate very much. For this reason Bangladesh import food from the international market. Bangladesh imported 1.6 million tons of wheat in 2000 from United States, to meet the demand in the local market. Jute is called...
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...WTO AND INDIAN ECONOMY (AGRICULTURAL IMPLICATIONS) BY: RAYNAH FERNANDES 13 SRUSHTI GANGAN 14 NEHA GAONKAR 15 INDEX 1. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION GATT Principles of WTO Objectives & Function 2. INDIA & WTO 3. INDIAN ECONOMY 4. INDIAN AGRICULTURE Agricultural Trade Agricultural Support Policies Importance Of Indian Agriculture 5. AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE The Three Boxes: Green, Amber and Blue Trend In Pattern Of Consumption Implication Of Agreement : Short Term and Long Term 6. WTO & INDIAN AGRICULTURE India’s Commitment India’s Agricultural Trade Under WTO Regime 7. A STUDY & ITS FINDINGS 8. SUGGESTIONS 9. BIBLIOGRPHY ACKNOWLEGEMENT We would like to acknowledge and express our sincerest gratitude for the efforts and timely guidance of our professor Mrs. Neelam Shetty of Managerial Economics for providing us the opportunity to study the impact of WTO agreements on the Indian economy especially focused on the agricultural sector. We would also like to thanks and express our gratitude towards professor Mr. Agnelo Menezes of economics from the Bachelors of Arts faculty and his student from XRCVC Master Prashant Lindayat. Each and every team member gave in his best to make sure that this report has all the necessary inputs and is completed on time. We definitely had a knowledgeful and enriching experience. WORLD TRADE...
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...MKS0119 Nokia’s Rural Marketing Strategies in India: Reaching Out to the Bottom of Pyramid “The rural consumer is discerning and the rural market is vibrant. At the current rate of growth, it will soon outstrip the urban market. The rural market is not sleeping any longer. We are.”1 – Adi Godrej, Chairman, Godrej Group of Industries To expand its presence, Nokia is planning to launch a new service ‘Nokia Life Tools’ that would provide information on market price, weather, etc., to information-starved farmers. While the idea is not new, the challenge in front of Nokia is to convert the 70 million rural mobile users in using its service, amidst competition from local input dealers and ITC e-Choupal that offers similar services. Rural Marketing in India: Demographics and Economics Out of India’s population of over 1 billion, 70% lives in rural India.2 India consists of 627,000 villages3 with 13% of them having a population of above 2000.4 For the people of rural India, agriculture is the main occupation. Agriculture contributes 17.8% to India’s GDP with about 60% of the workforce employed in the agriculture sector in 2008.5 Since independence, rural India went through a socio-economic transformation due to the various initiatives taken by the ministry of rural development.6 However, till 1990s, the gap between rural and urban development remained wide. With the implementation of minimum support price (the rate at which the government buys the farm produce to prevent farmers from...
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...| PREPARED BY-NAME: EMRAN SAYEEDID: 1130833030NAME: CHOWDHURY SAIMA TABASSUMID: 1210194020NAME: MONOLOVA SAMARUKHID: 1210368630NAME: SHOAIB AHMEDID: 1210009030NAME: NISHAT TASNEM EASHAID: 1211168020 | * ABSTRACT- 4 * CONCEPT OF MIS- 4 * FIELD OF MIS DEALS WITH- 4 * AGRICULTURE- 6 * AGRO-SOCIETY AROUD THE GLOBE- 7 * PERSPECTIVE FROM BANGLADESH- 8 * MIS IN AGRICULTURE- 10 * MANAGEMENT IFORMATION SYSTEM IN ACTION- 11 * AGRICULTURE, MIS AND BANGLADESH- 22 * AGRO-SOCIETY OFBANGLADESH BELONGS TO- 23 * CHALLENGES FACED BY AGRO-INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH- 24 * POSSIBILITIES FROM AGRO-INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH- 25 * THE GOALS THAT BANGLADESH GOVERNMENT SHOULD ACHIEVE TO DEVELOP ITS ECONOMY AND AGRO-INDUSTRY- 25 * AND WITH MIS- 25 * USING MIS IN AGRO-INDUSTRY MARKETING- 26 * LASTLY- 27 INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT NAME: EMRAN SAYEED NAME: CHOWDHURY SAIMA TABASSUM NAME: MONOLOVA SAMARUKH NAME: SHOAIB AHMED NAME: NISHAT TASNEM EASHA ABSTRACT We are reporting on Management Information Systems practices in agricultural industry. We tried to think closely the application...
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...Group Assignment What role does agriculture hold for inclusive growth in Africa? Drawing lessons from the African continent, provide evidence for the emerging consensus on the future role of small-holder farming for Africa’s economic growth. Table of contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Definition of inclusive growth 4 1.2 Africa’s economic growth narrative 5 2 The Challenges of Africa’s Agricultural Sector 8 2.1 Issues surrounding Land Tenure and concomitant effects 8 2.2 Low diffusion and absorption of technology 11 3 The Role of Smallholder Farming for Africa’s Economic Growth – Evidence of an Emerging Consensus 13 4 Smallholder Farming Success Narratives 15 4.1 Botswana: Competitiveness of beef smallholder farmers 15 4.2 Ethiopia: Commercialisation of small scale farmers of grain 16 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 17 References 20 Agriculture and its role in inclusive growth in Africa 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to consider the position of agriculture in Africa, and the potential that it has for improving the lives of the majority of those living on the continent. The report starts off with defining inclusive growth, and highlights how agriculture can contribute towards this phenomena as a consideration. It then talks to agricultural concepts and considerations in the African context, and attempts to identify African specific challenges and provide workable solutions. The paper also reflects on an emerging consensus advocating...
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...Human Capital Needs in Agriculture and Allied Sectors - Policy Options National Academy of Agriculture Research Management (NAARM, Hyderabad) and Institute of Applied Manpower Research (IAMR, New Delhi) The Backdrop Agriculture sector is the mainstay of Indian economy ensuring food security and providing livelihood to millions involved either directly or indirectly with this sector. This sector has a strong mutually beneficial interface with the industry sector. Notwithstanding its declining share in country’s GDP, agriculture continues, and will continue to be the key to nation’s growth and development. Over the years Indian agriculture had made tremendous progress which, in a large measure, is directly or indirectly, due to the contributions of agricultural science and technology, and development of human skills to take advantage of the technology, be it through development of improved seed and planting material, plant protection, irrigation and soil conservation measures, mechanization and other productive agricultural practices as well as in putting on ground a massive infrastructure for extension work and transfer of technology to the farmers. In recent times, however, the pattern of agricultural growth has become somewhat erratic. The challenges that Indian agriculture faces today because of factors like shrinkage of available land, decline in soil quality and response to inputs, inadequate and uneven penetration of technology and skills, and above all...
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...E-VOLUTION: TECHNOLOGY AS A DRIVER OF RURAL RETAIL IN INDIA – A CASE OF ITC’S FORAY INTO THE RURAL MARKET. | Ms Smita Singh, Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration, University of Lucknow, Lucknow(M) 098395-01035e-mail: smita_saggi@rediffmail.com | Ms. Smita Singh Ms. Singh is a visiting faculty at Institute of Management Sciences, University of Lucknow and Distance Learning Centre for Punjab Technical University. She has been associated with academics for the past 2½ years and is enrolled for PhD research at the Department of Business Administration, University of Lucknow. She has worked with Wigan and Leigh College, Lucknow as Programme Manager and Academic Head, Management. A NTSE (NCERT) and HRD Ministry scholarship holder, she has qualified SLET in Anthropology. With over 8 years of industry experience, her current affiliation as Human Resource Consultant is with the Lucknow based project centre of Johns Hopkins University of Public Health and Hygiene, which she earlier served for 4 years as Manager HR and Research Associate. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the paper/case is original and is authored by me. The paper/case has not been published elsewhere ABSTRACT E-VOLUTION: TECHNOLOGY AS A DRIVER OF RURAL RETAIL IN INDIA – A CASE OF ITC’S FORAY INTO THE RURAL MARKET. 70 % of India's population lives in rural areas in its 627000 villages. Technopak’s...
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...REGIONAL RURAL BANKS The Narasimham committee on rural credit recommended the establishment of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) on the ground that they would be much better suited than the commercial banks or co-operative banks in meeting the needs of rural areas. Accepting the recommendations of the Narasimham committee, the government passed the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. A significant development in the field of banking during 1976 was the establishment of 19 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the Regional Rural Banks Act‚1976. The RRBs were established “with a view to developing the rural economy by providing, for the purpose of development of agriculture, trade, commerce, industry and other productive activities in the rural areas, credit and other facilities, particularly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans and small entrepreneurs, and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto” . * Objective * Functions * Regional Rural Banks in India * Regional Rural Banks in Tamil Nadu RRBs established with the explicit objective of Top * Bridging the credit gap in rural areas * Check the outflow of rural deposits to urban areas * Reduce regional imbalances and increase rural employment generation The main objectives of setting up the RRB is to provide credit and other facilities‚ especially to the small and marginal farmers‚ agricultural labourers artisans and small entrepreneurs in rural areas. Each RRB will...
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...A Research paper On Rural marketing: A New Way to Tap The Rural Consumers In Present Scenario Name of Authors:- *Mr. Rajesh Rathore Research Scholar , Maharaja College of Management, Udaipur, Rajasthan Corresponding Address:- Maharaja College of Management Maharaja Educational Campus, N.H.76, Airport Road, Debari, Udaipur (Rajasthan) – 313024 E-mail:- rajesh_rathore@rediffmail.com Mobile No:- 07597868902 Rural marketing: A New Way to Tap The Rural Consumers In Present Scenario Abstract *Mr. Rajesh Rathore Indian rural market consists of more than 740 million consumers and has wide potential for expansion. According to Census 2001, 73% of Indian population is living in rural areas. Though over the last three decades there has been a marginal reduction in the rural population expressed as a percentage of total population, there has been a steady growth in rural population in terms of absolute numbers and it has reached 74 crores. After the 1991 economic reforms there have been many changes in the socio, economic, political and cultural outlook of India. The rural India is providing a large consumer base to the marketers to market their products. This paper highlights the challenges of marketing communication for rural Indian consumers. Over the past few years rural India has witnessed an increase in the...
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