...Quantitive and Qualitative Article Review Kristi Schneider Walden University NURS-4000 Res/Scholarshp Evid-based Prac2016 3-20-2016 Quantitive and Qualitative Article Review Quantitive and qualitative studies in research are an important aspect of the nursing profession. Researching and reviewing quantitive and qualitative articles is a process of systematic examination of materials to enhance, validate and learn new knowledge (Schmidt and Brown, 2012, p. 67). As Schmidt and Brown (2012) state, quantitive research design is used to predict relationships and explain relationships and causality whereas qualitative research design gives meaning to events of phenomenon’s (p.72). The purpose of this paper is to identify and interpret research questions, study designs, sample sizes and representativeness, the strengths and weakness of the designs, as well as results of data analysis of both quantitive and qualitative research designs. Overview of Quantitive Design Using the Research Study “A Bundle Strategy Including Patient Hand Hygiene to Decrease Clostridium difficile Infections.” Research Question The basis of a research question is to pose an interrogatory question that describes the variables and population of the research study (Schmidt & Brown, 2012, p. 72). In the article “A Bundle Strategy Including Patient Hand Hygiene to Decrease Clostridium difficile Infections.”, (Pokrywka et al., 2014), Pokrywka et al. (2014) present the research question; will the...
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...as “the act of moving power or responsibility from one person or group to another (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English 2005)”. In healthcare and clinical context, the term “handover” applies to the transferring of a patient’s information between two health care providers, when the patient receives care in a different location, or when another healthcare provider is responsible of the patient (ACSQHC 2005). The American word “handoff” also signifies the same meaning. Nursing handovers are often being described as a ritual, which stemmed from the medical concept preliminarily in the 1880s, whereby the nursing sister would direct the nurses on duty after hearing reports from the night shift nurses and the doctors’ rounds (Walsh and Ford 1989). The repetitive characteristic of the traditional handover does not encourage nurses to think critically or share different views, therefore depicted as a “ritual” (Kerr et al 2011). 1.1 BACKGROUND OFTHE STUDY The aim of a nursing shift handover is to precisely inform the patient’s general condition, care plan, treatment and expectations in a timely manner (Runy 2008). The process, if made without a systematic standardized method, would lead to errors and jeopardizes patient’s safety (ACSQHC 2010). Reported adverse events from handovers include unnecessary procedure and investigations, delayed diagnosis or treatments, prolonged hospitalization, increased cost, and dissatisfied patients (Patterson and Wears 2010). ...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL Identification of Research Topic Over the past five years while working in a residential care home for people with dementia, the researcher has observed that incidents of violence and aggression both physical and verbal towards health care staff happened regularly. The incidents of aggression affected staff mentally and physically but the majority of incidents went unreported. The nursing staff, registered nurses and nursing assistants in this environment both acknowledged the seriousness of this on-going problem to them. However the reluctance to report the aggression is because they considered the aggression to be part of the job despite them acknowledging it as a problem. England is an ageing society and as the population ages, health care providers, government, communities and families are faced with the burden of caring for people with dementia (Cubit, 2010). According to Access Economics (2005), dementia is becoming increasingly predominant to the aging population worldwide. A survey of over 15000 care homes in England and Wales found that 78% of residents were cognitively impaired (Bowman et al, 2004). In addition the Alzheimer`s Society (2007) reported that there are around 750 000 people in United Kingdom with a dementing illness. A more recent survey by the Alzheimer`s Society (2009) reported that around one third of older people with dementia in UK live in residential home care settings, representing 200 000 individuals. According to Leonard...
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...Looking at the sample size and population, the researchers used a large sampling size from males in nursing. To obtain the responses needed, researchers used surveys to get an understanding of when, where, and type of discrimination those males were exposed to. With the study setting, it focused on males who were in nursing school along with males who are currently working as nurses in the medical field. Regarding the sampling method, the researchers used a non-probable sampling, this is due to the number of male nurses and students in society today. The population size for this study is not large enough to use a probability sample. I believe the researchers used an inter-rater reliability tool as well as sampling validity as a measuring tool in their study. With inter-rater reliability “... [it measures the] reliability used to assess the degree to which different judges or raters agree in their decisions” (Phelan & Wren, n.d.). Since the males were given the ability to choose their responses, the researchers could assess their decisions and determine the percentage of how many answered with a specific choice. As for sampling validity “… [it] ensures that the measure covers the broad range of areas within the concept under study” (Phelan & Wren, n.d.). By covering both the males in nursing school and who work in the hospital, the researchers can...
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...ELDER ABUSE IN NURSING HOMES: THE IMPACT OF DEMENTIA/SPECIAL CARE UNITS BY CHRISTINA KAY FALK THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Community Health in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Adviser: Stephen J. Notaro, Ph.D. ii ELDER ABUSE IN NURSING HOMES: THE IMPACT OF DEMENTIA/SPECIAL CARE UNITS By: Christina K. Falk Elder abuse is a topic that impacts everyone in America at some point in their life. Special care units also called dementia units are protected areas in a nursing home that are specially designed for dementia/Alzheimer patients. This thesis reviewed how a special care unit in a nursing home affect the number and severity of deficiencies reported to Medicare. The data was collected from Medicare’s Nursing Home Compare system and the Illinois Public Health Department. This study reviewed 770 nursing homes in Illinois were reviewed, 141 had special care units during the time of data collection. The facilities had a range of total deficiencies from one to 74 with Level of Harm ratings ranging from one to four on a four-point scale. The results showed that residents in a nursing facility that has a special care unit are at a greater risk of a higher Level of Harm but no difference in the number of deficiencies. Possible causes of this greater risk are due to the intrinsic nature of the population in special care units, the need for policy and procedural...
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...Copyright © eContent Management Pty Ltd. Contemporary Nurse (2011) 39(2): 256–272. Registered nurses returning to school for a bachelors degree in nursing: Issues emerging from a meta-analysis of the research TANYA K ALTMANN Division of Nursing, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA, USA ABSTRACT This literature review was conducted to determine what is known about nurses’ attitudes and perceptions about returning to school. There are four societal influences making nursing continuing education important: (1) Many nurses are still practicing with an Associate’s degree or diploma and few continue their formal education; (2) Recent studies have indicated that there are improved patient outcomes in hospitals which employ higher educated nurses; (3) A poor economy during a nursing shortage means high demand and less incentive for nurses to return to school for higher education; and (4) The worsening faculty shortage means an increased need for nurses to advance their education. Understanding nurses’ attitudes and perceptions may help identify gaps in our knowledge, determine ways to foster positive attitudes toward education learning among nurses, and allow us to entice nurses to return to school. It may also identify crucial steps to ensure the provision of quality healthcare. Keywords: nursing; attitudes; continuing education; RN-BSN; post-registration education; literature review THE PROBLEM H ealthcare is a fast paced, dynamic environment where providers...
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...is to select a concept, which is comfort. The next step is determining the purpose of the analysis. The purpose is to define what comfort means and what comfort measures are and how they are used in nursing. The third step is to identify the uses of the concept of comfort. This includes definitions of term comfort and a literature search. The fourth step is to determine the defining attributes of comfort. This allows for insight into the concept and includes the characteristics of comfort. Comfort can mean many things to many people. Comfort can be caring words, caring touch, warm blankets, pain relief or encouragement. The fifth step is a model case or a real life example of the concept that includes the attributes of the concept and a borderline and related case. The sixth step is to identify consequences and antecedents and consequences. The final step is to define empirical referents or measurable ways to show the occurrence of comfort. Purpose The concept of comfort is used frequently in nursing practice; however, it is not always clearly defined. It is a basic value of nursing care and interventions and is frequently described as comfort measures. A basic understanding of the concept of comfort and the definitions is essential in understanding its use in bedside nursing practice. The purpose of this concept analysis is to explore and clarify the meaning of comfort. A concept analysis gives the framework and purpose and is essential in analyzing claims of knowledge...
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...Critique of a Nursing Research Article A1. Article Ford, Y. , Heyman, A., Chapman, Y. (2014). Patients’ perceptions of bedside handoff; the need for a culture of always. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 29(4), 371-378. A2. Graphic Background Information | The purpose of this article was to identify patient perceptions of bedside handover through directly asking patients about their care. The study was done on a two in-patient medical-surgical departments at Borgess Medical Center in Michigan. They had implemented bedside handoff at shift change 18 months prior to this study. Then a sample of patient participants was chosen from the two nursing departments for the study. They had to meet certain criteria to be a participant and they had to experience three handoffs. Then they were given a survey to fill out after the beside handovers. Participants were positive about the RN bedside handoff process. The overall mean from the survey was 3.32 on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to a 4 (highly agree). | Review of Literature | There were multiple references that provided statistics and facts during this study. Most of these studies have focused on implementing bedside handoffs and nurse perceptions of the handoff. Published studies that focused on patients’ perceptions of beside handoff have been mainly qualitative. Recently, researchers have published studies that seek...
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...Evidence-Based Practice March 17, 2015 Overview of Quantitative vs. Qualitative Articles Using two research studies selected from the list of articles provided. I choose A Bundle Strategy Including Patient Hand Hygiene to Decrease Clostridium difficile Infections (2014) and Impact of a Smoking Cessation Educational Program on Nurses' Interventions (2014). The purpose of this paper is to do an overview of both a quantitative and qualitative article. Review each selected article on learning about study design, by identifying information from each component of the study. Then evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each study. Overview of Quantitative Article Research Question According to the article, A Bundle Strategy Including Patient Hand Hygiene to Decrease Clostridium difficile Infections (2014), the research question is, does patient hand hygiene included in the bundle strategy help decrease Clostridium difficile infections? According to information found in Chapter 3 (Adams, 2012), using the abstract of problem-solving, nursing process and research process, the information found in this study was impertinent to the outcome. Determining that hand washing does help decrease c-diff infections. Study Design The article, A Bundle Strategy Including Patient Hand Hygiene to Decrease Clostridium difficile Infections (2014), is a quantitative study, and non-experimental design gathers the information. Non-experimental design as defined in Chapter 6 (Adams,...
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...opinions that patients have in regards to patient- centered care, interpersonal interviews, a research methodology, was utilized. Interpersonal interviews were conducted in this phenomenological study in order to inquire about the “lived experience” or phenomena of patient’s experience of patient- centered care. This methodology ensured reliability and validity. Reliability was achieved through the interpersonal interview technique by using the same interview framework and the same researcher to conduct all of the interviews. This allowed the data that was being extracted to have consistency. All interviews were applied in a ‘coherent and consistent manner’ through the use of open and in depth discussions about the phenomena of patient centered care. This ensured validity and provided a further insight into the participant’s views of patient centered care. The interviews were accurately recorded and interpreted by two researchers separately to identify different meanings of the data. The methodology used was definitely effective, as it allowed data saturation to occur, which meant that no new themes were forthcoming and the data was repeating itself. This signified that all data that was required on the study of patient centered care was collected. How is the study unbiased? The study or phenomena of patient centered care appears to be unbiased. The concept of phenomenology encourages the researcher to put aside their “beliefs, experiences, biases and assumptions.” The researcher...
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...UNDERSTANDING EVIDENCE - BASED NURSING | Evidence-based Literature Search and Review on Interruptions during Drug Rounds | Cohort: March 2010 | | Student ID: | | Word count: 3292 Additional Module 1 | It is generally accepted that evidence-based practice (EBP) is the way forward in contemporary nursing. It provides the rationale behind nursing practice and allows for the delivery of optimal nursing care. Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN) involves the process of researching and implementing proven evidence in providing better patient care and is crucial as the role of the nurse is ever expanding (Banning, 2005). This essay will demonstrate that as a student nurse, the author has gained the necessary skills to conduct an evidence-based literature search and review and implement that knowledge into practice. Starting with a brief discussion on EBN it will go on to identify a suitable research question. During a placement on a medical ward the author noticed that nurses experienced many interruptions whilst conducting medication rounds and this review will consider ways to minimise interruptions and thus improve patient safety. Using the PICO acronym a suitable research question was formulated, ‘do interruptions during medication rounds increase the drugs administration errors made by nurses?’ A short description of the literature search is given and a summary of findings is presented in tabular form. Five original articles were selected and one chosen to critically...
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...just about 50,000 cases every year, in that, during 2008–2009, there were 36,097 reported cases of Clostridium difficile (Health Protection Agency, 2009). Almost the same rate is listed for Germany, highlighting a clear need for decisive action. This research examines the main causes if HCAIs, and discusses the relationship between compliance with hand hygiene guidelines and stress among nursing professionals in one German hospital (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). This paper explores the factors associated with hand hygiene compliance of nurses during routine clinical practice. The purpose of this research was to clarify whether external factors such as ward capacity, or level of nursing intensity had an influence on nursing staff compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. The research questions in this study are; does hand hygiene between healthcare workers decrease healthcare associated infections (HCAIs)? Does exterior factors influence on nurses compliance with hand hygiene guidelines? The hypothesis of this study is; workload factors like maximum ward capacity, severity of patient cases, have an influence on nurse’s compliance with proper hand hygiene guidelines. Study Variables A total of nine variants were used in this paper. Records from the descriptive interviews were used as dependent variables. The ward-specific workloads considered on one side as the rate of used ward capacity, and on the other as the degree of nursing intensity which were...
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...Researchers who employ these two paradigms of research are considered as either qualitative or quantitative researchers. Studies reveal that these researchers at no instance cross into employing another research method into their work. For instance, a qualitative researcher cannot cross into the confines of the quantitative researchers and vice versa. The rationale behind this is mainly attributed to the fact that both research paradigms have axiological and epistemological assumptions that are considered distinct. This paper, therefore, seeks to identify some research components within a research project, and evaluating the results of these projects by assessing the studies strengths and weaknesses of the study articles, within the qualitative and quantitative paradigms. The two principal articles of this study include; Impact of a smoking cessation educational program on nurses interventions, and the conceptualizations of culture and cultural care among undergraduate nursing students. Overview of Quantitative Article Vandenberg & Kalischuk (2014) in their article titled, “Conceptualizations of culture and cultural care among undergraduate nursing students”, pursues the audience of their readers by giving insights into the culture and cultural care. These authors depict the reasons why these elements have significantly become necessary within the nursing and healthcare industry. According to them, the values that underlie the conceptualization of these approaches differ,...
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...Bedside nursing handover: A case study 1. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the structures, processes, and perceptions of the outcomes of bedside handovers in nursing practice. 2. Research design: The authors used a descriptive case study which is a methodological approach that can use a number of different methods to conduct an instrumental investigation that is bounded by place and time. Case study research asks questions of ‘what’, ‘why’, and ‘how’ in a non controlled or non artificial environment to analyse existing, real life situations with all their complexity 3. Sampling technique and characteristics of the sample: The study involved three wards in two hospitals in Australia, thus six wards where ultimately included. Wards that where included where medical, surgical and rehabilitation wards. Team leaders, shift coordinators, nursing managers, and educators where the focus of the study in which all participants gave their consent. A total of 32 female participants where interviewed from both hospitals. No male participants where included. From these participants seven where under the age of 30, ten between the age of 30 and 40, eleven between the age of 40 and 50 and six where aged over 50. with regards to nursing classifications, from the 32 participants, 7 where enrolled nurses, 15 where level 1 registered nurses, 7 where level 2 registered nurses and 5 where level three nurses. Only 16 out of the 32 participants...
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...should make sense and contain reputable or honest data. Another consideration is the data should be validated (Christensen, Johnson, & Turner, 2010). This can be done through peer-reviews to see if the data makes sense and has been known in other cases. This can also be done through other resources that have stated and proven similar facts. A third consideration is that the data is non-numerical and exploratory (Christensen, Johnson, & Turner, 2010). Many times there is some confusion between qualitative and quantitative research as qualitative research focuses on narrative or pictures while I would prefer more numerical data. 2. What factors should go into determining the sample size used in a qualitative study? When conducting research, quality sampling may be characterized by the number and selection of subjects or observations. Obtaining a sample size that is appropriate in both regards is critical for many reasons (Patel, Doku, and Tennakoon, 2003. A large sample size is more representative of the population, limiting the influence of outliers or extreme observations. A sufficiently large sample size is also necessary to produce results among variables that are significantly different (Patel, Doku, and Tennakoon, 2003). Sample size is also important for economic and ethical reasons. 3. Given that the researcher is considered an instrument in qualitative research, what are the implications for potential bias with this researcher role? How can a researcher minimize this...
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