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San Fabian Supply Chain

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Submitted By ac1987
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El caso plantea la disyuntiva de San Fabian Supply Company en cuanto a la definición de su plan de acción para su línea de productos MacDowell, de origen canadiense, de la cual tiene la distribución exclusiva en Filipinas. Concretamente, en setiembre de 1987 y tras 19 años de relación contractual, la empresa MacDowell notifica a San Fabian la intención de cancelar el acuerdo de distribución exclusiva mantenido por ambas partes, modificando de esta manera el diseño de su canal de distribución con el objetivo de intensificar la cobertura de sus productos en el mercado (léase, anchura del canal). De esta manera, MacDowell abandonaría su sistema de distribución indirecto, y pasaría a un sistema de distribución más directo, acortando de esta manera la longitud de sus canales. Estaríamos pues ante una integración de tipo vertical. El presente informe tiene como objeto entonces proveer a la empresa San Sebastián de una serie de alternativas y recomendaciones a considerar a los efectos de definir si continúa trabajando con MacDowell, y, en dicho caso, bajo qué condiciones. Como dato introductorio, queremos hacer un énfasis en la importancia que tienen los canales de distribución y la forma en que estos se diseñan. Los motivos son varios, pero los más relevantes incluyen el efecto que estos tienen en la estrategia comercial del fabricante (precios, publicidad, promociones) y la dificultad que implica establecer relaciones comerciales que, por lo general, son sumamente complejas. Sumado a lo anterior, establecer uno u otro sistema de distribución tiene implicancias no menores en la estructura financiera de la empresa, ya que estas deberán invertir en formación de equipos de venta, mantenimiento de stocks, locales y almacenes, y comunicación. Lo primero a destacar, es el nivel de involucramiento y dependencia que tiene San Fabian respecto de MacDowell y los productos que éste le provee. Las líneas de productos que MacDowell suministra a San Fabian son tres: láminas corrugadas Pyrolite para techos, láminas planas Pyrolite para paneles internos y cielorrasos y caños de alta presión Permalite para cañerías de agua. Dichas ventas representan para la empresa San Fabian el 14% del total de sus ventas, ascendiendo las mismas a (en miles) USD 2.240 aproximadamente. Observamos pues que San Fabian tiene una dependencia moderada de estos artículos de producción. En relación con el punto anterior, se debe considerar la existencia de artículos sustitutos para la línea de productos MacDowell. Existen proveedores locales y del exterior que producen suministros para la construcción. Del informe elaborado por la Gerencia de Ventas, podemos concluir luego que en principio, ya sea por motivos técnicos del producto, costos de importación, calidad, o márgenes de ganancia aplicables, pareciera ser que los productos MacDowell tienen una cierta ventaja por sobre estos. En los hechos, San Fabian también actúa como concesionario, vendiendo de forma directa a los usuarios finales (constructores, propietarios y dependencias del Gobierno). Esto ha llevado a la empresa a disponer de una amplia red de contactos, a los cuales accede principalmente a través del boca a boca y mediante acciones publicitarias. Por otra parte, la empresa tiene un alto costo de estructura, ya que presta servicios de asistencia en instalaciones y servicios de postventa sin costo para el cliente. También tiene una carga de gastos en publicidad e inventarios elevada, los cuales erosionan sus márgenes finales. La incertidumbre ante la cual se encuentra el país actualmente a nivel social, político y económico debe ser un aspecto a considerar a la hora de tomar decisiones de carácter estratégico para la empresa, como lo es la disyuntiva ante la cual se encuentra. La primer alternativa que vislumbramos radica en el hecho de que San Fabian, al ser una marca desarrollada en Filipinas, con una alta participación en el mercado, y con una red de contactos comerciales sólida (clave fundamental en la operativa de este mercado), tiene una posición favorable a la hora de negociar. Además dispone de un abanico de opciones alternativas a MacDowell para cubrir estos artículos, por lo tanto, está en una posición más cómoda para negociar términos comerciales beneficiosos para la empresa. Esto le daría ventaja para intentar que MacDowell desista en la decisión tomada y mantenga la exclusividad a San Fabian, manteniendo el status quo de la situación por decirlo de alguna manera. La otra alternativa, un tanto más radical, es dar por finalizada la relación con MacDowell, desechar la opción de formar parte del canal de distribución, y proceder con un análisis más a fondo de los proveedores y productos sustitutos a los de MacDowell, y competir directamente con éstos utilizando las ventajas a nivel de contactos que tiene la empresa y sobre todo de conocimiento de mercado. La principal desventaja es tener que salir a buscar nuevos proveedores, entablar nuevas relaciones en condiciones desfavorables seguramente, e incurrir en mayores costos en caso de recurrir a la importación de artículos para la construcción que puedan mantener los estándares de calidad actuales en esta línea de productos. Finalmente, una alternativa de carácter intermedio, sería la de continuar trabajando los productos de MacDowell aunque ya sin la exclusividad, formando parte del sistema multicanal e intensivo llevado a cabo por el fabricante. La principal desventaja de esta alternativa sería los altos niveles de conflictividad que podría suponer esta situación, como consecuencia de la aceptación de los términos comerciales impuestos. Sin embargo, como aspecto positivo, la empresa seguiría disponiendo de los artículos de MacDowell que ya tenía bajo su canal de distribución, sin arriesgarse a cambios drásticos en la calidad de los productos ofrecidos a su red de clientes ya establecida. Basado en el análisis anterior, recomendamos a la empresa San Fabian que, en primer lugar, continúe con las negociaciones con MacDowell, y que intente disuadir a ésta de la decisión tomada. En caso de que esto no sea viable, recomendamos a la empresa entonces que mantenga el suministro de los productos MacDowell, a pesar de tener que aceptar condiciones desventajosas. De esta manera, la empresa va a mantener la calidad ofrecida a sus productos, sin arriesgar perder su cuota de mercado actual. Sin embargo, como aspecto negativo, la empresa deberá entonces definir qué hacer con el servicio postventa prestado hasta el momento, ya que el mismo implica costes que ya no agregan valor, y que solamente erosionan los márgenes obtenidos. Recomendamos pues la suspensión de estos. Asimismo, entendemos que profundizar las relaciones con los contactos actuales es fundamental para mantener las ventas, ya que la competencia se va a tornar mucho más agresiva ante esta nueva realidad. Recomendamos en este caso formalizar contratos de largo plazo de abastecimiento con el Gobierno y asegurar la demanda a mediano y largo plazo.

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