Premium Essay

Sara

In:

Submitted By rabisara
Words 982
Pages 4
The dependency ratio in less develop countries.

Introduction
In developing countries, tax revenues as a percentage of GDP are generally significantly low than the developed countries, that’s why most of its population economically inactive. The dependency ratio means economically active and inactive workers. The dependency ratio generally consist of the age of 16-65, people in this age people are effectively economically inactive, for instance students , people on sickness and disability allowance, long term unemployment , early retirement , mothers looking after children at home. Moreover, an increase in the dependency ratio can cause fiscal problems for the government , a high dependency ratio can cause serious problems for a country if a large proportion of a government expenditure is health and social security and education.
Another reason is in developing countries a large size of people associated to agraiculture and there is less surity of the salary and nomally they could not pay their taxes and moreover they always former have many children means more form hand.
It is inevitable necessary that prudent economic policies are needed for the attainment of their development goal the biggest problem is that most developing countries depend on international finance such as world bank and they hardly generate enough domestic revenue. It is very important to know the dependency ratio of a country, economically active pay much income tax corporation tax and to a lesser extent.

Statistics indicate that whiles the developed world have about 2 dependants to a working person, that of the less developed world is about 6 dependants to a working person (Martin Schnitzer). the alarming demographic feature has been the concern of some well-meaning demographers with regard to it effects such as overcrowding among a lot , one of the demographic distinction ,

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Pobre Ana - Spanish Summary

...SUMMARY – POBRE ANA La moraleja de este libro es agradecido por lo que tienes, y no pensar en lo que no tienes. El libro, Pobre Ana, escrito por Blaine Ray, se lleva a cabo en California. El personaje principal es Ana. Ella tiene 15 años y va al West Torrance High School. Ana tiene problemas con su familia. Ella sueña de dinero, un carro nuevo y ropas nuevas. Ella tiene una madre, Ellen, que trabaja como secretaria en un hospital y un padre, Robert, que también trabaja en el hospital. Ella también tiene una hermana, Patty, quien tiene 11 años y un hermano, Don, quien tiene 14 años. Sus dos mejores amigos, Elsa y Sara, van a la misma escuela que Ana. Ana es celosa de sus amigas ricas mejores, Sara y Elsa, y deseas que tener las cosas que ellas tienen. Sara y Elsa no tienen problemas con familias. Un día en la escuela, el maestro español de Ana le dice a la clase que un estudiante puede ir a México por tres meses y vive con una familia mexicana. Ana habla con su padre pero le dice que no. Pero entonces ella le dice que ellos no tienen que pagar , y su padre dice que sí . Ana va a Tepic , México . Su familia no es en el aeropuerto. Ella conoce a un hombre que ayuda a encontrar aquí su nuevo hogar. Ella se encuentra la familia Sánchez . Familia Sánchez consistente que una madre se llama Julia, un padre se llama Ernesto y cuatro hijos; Juana, Susana, Pablo y Juan. Ana hace las cosas con sus nuevas hermanas , como ir al gimnasio , el parque y la tienda. Un día...

Words: 451 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Sara Lee

...What is Sara Lee’s corporate strategy? How has its retrenchment strategy changed the nature of its business lineup? The strategy at Sara Lee is to expand globally, for Sara Lee acquiring new business models to expand into new product categories is how they plan to achieve this goal. For many years Sara Lee has successfully acquired both related and unrelated products, but will now streamline this a little more with the retrenchment strategy. The previous management team struggled with this broad product offering and the disseminated locations. The retrenchment strategy will allow Sara Lee to focus their resources on a smaller, tight knit beverage, food and household business. It will also allow for a change in the model from a wholesale distributor to a larger retail company. 2. What is your assessment of the long-term attractiveness of the industries represented in Sara Lee Corp.’s business portfolio? Sara Lee has the potential to grow. With a focus on core products that are their food company, they have dropped the dead weight of not so profitable products. The food industry will continue to grow within reason due to the requirement of us to have food to survive. It is beneficial to Sara Lee to have established brand power within the market segments as well. If Sara Lee stays active in the market segments and acquires only products that benefit them in the long term, they should keep profits up. 3. What is your assessment of the competitive strength of Sara Lee Corp...

Words: 439 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Sara Lee

...Sara Lee’s Retrenchment Strategy Case Study Vinh Tran Strategic Management April 28, 2013 Sara Garski Southwestern College Professional Studies Introduction Sara Lee started out as a small company in wholesale distribution that gradually grew to a series of related and unrelated businesses. For the next 40 years, the company expanded to food processing, retail food, and household products to more than 40 countries. Their broad differentiation strategy and geographically spread operations has management struggling to operate efficiently. Even with the vast company’s portfolio, it did not help with building shareholder value. With the declining profits worldwide, Sara Lee’s retrenchment initiatives is divest eight of its business units to raise profitability through operating profit and sales. Strategies Sara Lee’s retrenchment strategy is required in order to focus its resources on more profitable industries such as the beverage, food, and household products company. Their plan on separating themselves from weak performing business units and product categories will put the company in a better financial position. Management will be able to focus their resources to boost their profitability, sales, and market shares on the remaining products. The spin-off of Hanes brands was a smart move even though the operating profit margin was still a moneymaker. The cash payment needed to eliminate the note payable to Hanes brand from Sara Lee and it did not...

Words: 1094 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Saras Saravvathy

...An ongoing study of company builders gets to the heart of it: The most successful entrepreneurs move quickly, adjust frequently, and above all trust themselves. m m INC. FEBRUARY2011 Does that sound like you? By Leigh Buchanan ILLUSTRATIONS BY GEORGE BATES FEBRUARY 2011 INC. 5 5 "I've never done consumer marketing, so I don't really know. I think probably... I would...I wouldn't doall this, actually. hat distinguishes great entrepreneurs? Discussions ot entrepreneurial psychology typically focus on creativity, tolerance for risk, and the desire for achievement—enviable traits that, unfortunately, are not very teachable. So Saras Sarasvathy, a professor at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business, set out to determine how expert entrepreneurs think, with the goal of transferring that knowledge to aspiring founders. While still a graduate student at Carnegie Mellon, Sarasvathy—with the guidance of her thesis supervisor, the Nobel laureate Herbert Simon—embarked t)n an audacious project: to eavesdrop on the thinking of the country's most successful entrepreneurs as they grappled with business problems. She required that her subjects have at least 15 years of entrepreneurial experience, have started multiple companies— both successes and failures—and have taken at least one company public. Sarasvathy identified 245 U.S. entrepreneurs who met her criteria, and 45 of them agreed to participate. (Responses from 27 appeared in her conclusions;...

Words: 3894 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Sara Lee

...Case 16. Sara Lee in 2010: Has its retrenchment Strategy Benefited Shareholders? Question#1. What is Sara Lee’s corporate strategy? How has its retrenchment strategy changed the nature of its business lineup? Sara Lee’s vision is “to be the first choice of consumers and customers around the world by bringing together innovative ideas, continuous improvement and people who make things happen”. Sara Lee’s corporate strategy was to transform Sara Lee into company focused on its food, beverage, household, and body care businesses not only in US also internationally. Continuously, Sara Lee developed its Retrenchment Strategy which is uses to reduce the diversity or the overall size of the operations of the company. First plan was to exit eight businesses that had been marked as nonstrategic: • Direct Selling. Sara Lee sold its business that sells cosmetics, skin care products for $ 547 million cash. • U.S retail coffee. Company sold its well-known coffee brands. • European apparel • European nuts and snacks • European rice • U.S meat snacks • European meats • Sara Lee branded apparel Company expected retrenchment initiatives to generate combined net after-tax proceeds in excess of $3 billion. Next, Sara Lee started to focus to increase the sales, market shares, and profitability of remaining business. Two most important goals were increase sales by 2-4 percent annually to reach $14 billion. Company’s key objectives for remaining businesses were focus on customer...

Words: 287 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Sara Lee

...1) What is Sara Lee's corporate strategy? How has its retrenchment strategy changed the nature of its business lineup? Sara Lee’s vision is “to be the first choice of consumers and customers around the world by bringing together innovative ideas, continuous improvement and people who make things happen”. Sara Lee’s corporate strategy was to transform Sara Lee into company focused on its food, beverage, household, and body care businesses not only in US also internationally. Continuously, Sara Lee developed its Retrenchment Strategy which is uses to reduce the diversity or the overall size of the operations of the company. First plan was to exit eight businesses that had been marked as nonstrategic: • Direct Selling. Sara Lee sold its business that sells cosmetics, skin care products for $ 547 million cash. • U.S retail coffee. Company sold its well-known coffee brands. • European apparel • European nuts and snacks • European rice • U.S meat snacks • European meats • Sara Lee branded apparel Company expected retrenchment initiatives to generate combined net after-tax proceeds in excess of $3 billion. Next, Sara Lee started to focus to increase the sales, market shares, and profitability of remaining business. Two most important goals were increase sales by 2-4 percent annually to reach $14 billion. Company’s key objectives for remaining businesses were focus on customer needs and operating excellence, while creating a strong brand through innovations and competitive...

Words: 445 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Sara Lee

...Sara Lee’s Retrenchment Strategy Case Study Vinh Tran Strategic Management April 28, 2013 Sara Garski Southwestern College Professional Studies Introduction Sara Lee started out as a small company in wholesale distribution that gradually grew to a series of related and unrelated businesses. For the next 40 years, the company expanded to food processing, retail food, and household products to more than 40 countries. Their broad differentiation strategy and geographically spread operations has management struggling to operate efficiently. Even with the vast company’s portfolio, it did not help with building shareholder value. With the declining profits worldwide, Sara Lee’s retrenchment initiatives is divest eight of its business units to raise profitability through operating profit and sales. Strategies Sara Lee’s retrenchment strategy is required in order to focus its resources on more profitable industries such as the beverage, food, and household products company. Their plan on separating themselves from weak performing business units and product categories will put the company in a better financial position. Management will be able to focus their resources to boost their profitability, sales, and market shares on the remaining products. The spin-off of Hanes brands was a smart move even though the operating profit margin was still a moneymaker. The cash payment needed to eliminate the note payable to Hanes brand from Sara Lee and it did not...

Words: 1094 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Sara Lee

...j [pic] Term Paper Title: Organizational Behaviors of Sustainable Tourism A Partial fulfillment for Bilingual MBA Programme 2013 Subject: Organizational Behavior (Code: BP6903) Lecturer: Dr. Yu Wang Presented by: Yinsi Tu (ID: 5539073 ) Shilong Chen (ID: 5569005) Xingjun Liu (ID: 5561065) Jialing Xing (ID: 55569009) Yunmei Wang (ID: 5569006) Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Organizational Culture of Sustainable Tourism 3.0 Government's Policies in Sustainable Tourism Management 4.0 Characteristics and Diversities in Sustainable Tourism 5.0 Tourist Behaviors in Sustainable Tourism 6.0 The Relationship between Sustainable Tourism and Environment Protection 7.0 Conclusion 8.0 Bibliography 1.0 Introduction Today, as the world economy,science and technology and cultural developing aggressively , the increase of personal income and free time, Labor and Leisure has become two important aspects of an integral human social life. Today, leisure sports and tourism is the world's most widely used recreational activities. Leisure sports, people enjoy the beauty and movement created by a pleasant activity in order to express themselves to the outside world. Homer and Swatchbrooke (1996) defined tourism as tourism refers to people temporarily leave permanent residence elsewhere in recreational activities. ...

Words: 4840 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Sara Shepard's It Girl

...appearance and social status in high school. During the summer after eighth grade, I committed to working out and losing weight, to get to a healthy weight, much like Hanna did. Throughout eighth and ninth grade, I rose up from the obscurity that I was during fifth and sixth grade, and got new “popular” friends. People often say that I am like Hanna, due to that transformation and the fact that we both enjoy shopping and luxury items. Spencer is another character that I can connect to easily for many reasons. The main reason is that we are both competing with someone for one reason or another. In the novel, Spencer is competing with her sister, Melissa; I compete with my friends. It’s evident that Spencer is affected by this competition, when Sara Shepard writes: “she never quite reached Melissa’s level of perfection” (Shepard 51). Spencer and I both compete with others in regards to our grades and indelible achievements. Being able to...

Words: 937 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Collapse

...Collapse University Course Professor’s Name Date of Submission Collapse Turnaround is a state that helps a company or an organization to recover financially that has been performing poorly for a longer period. An example of a company which has once experienced turnaround is The Spring leaf Holdings based in Evansville Indiana. The company deals with credit insurance and consumer lending. The company reported a loss of $1.3 billion during the 2007-2012 global financial crises. The turnaround came in 2013 whereby the company had to strategize on the right direction. It closed over 500 local branches and was forced to retrench 500 positions that included 140 of their Evansville headquarter employees. The company also continued to grow receivables per branch and reached that objective in the financial year 2014.That helped the company to drive Core Earnings up 42% from the previous 2013 financial year. Through gradual improvement, the turnaround was effective, and it improved the company’s profitability by 22 percent in 2014 financial year (Gilson, 2010). Some changes and developments are currently taking place in the field of HR management. HR policy is being defined and implemented to strengthen the performance of the company and develop the skills of employees to hasten its recovery. The purpose of implementing the policy of the HR is to prevent the company from collapsing. Managerial culture is being developed to put in place annual performance reviews, a training program and...

Words: 368 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Sara Lee Corp

...Sara Lee Corporation ANALYSIS OF THE CASE Sara Lee retrenched seven of its business units in 2006 in order to focus its resources on its more profitable industries. The company’s goal is to boost its sales lines by at least 2 percent and increase its profit margin to 12% by 2010. By developing three competitive capabilities in each of its remaining business units, Sara Lee looks to improve its net profits within the next few years. Summary of the case       This case study provides an evaluation of Sara Lee Corporation and particularly its operations of product lines available through the Wal-Mart stores.   To begin with, an effective SWOT analysis of the company was conducted where strengths and opportunities are identified while addressing possible threats and improving its weaknesses to avoid giving the competition an aggressive advantage.   Marketing requires effective identification of issues as a key factor in devising the best methods of addressing them.   Therefore, Kirk Nelson identifies the Basic Hipster style to be a major problem in the market because it was not doing well.   Effective establishment of the best possible solution is therefore critical to maintain the corporation’s market share for the Wal-Mart Account.   This analysis generates key alternatives that Kirk Nelson as the Sara Lee Wal-Mart Girl’s Panty analyst should consider in getting out of the current deadlock.   History       Sara Lee Corporation is a fortune 500 company listed on...

Words: 3785 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Sara Lee Strategy

...Analysis of Sara Lee Corp. | Retrenchment Strategy Review | | [Type the author name] | [Pick the date] | Introduction Sara Lee Corporation, then known as C.D. Kenny Company, was established in 1939 and had net sales of $24 million. By 1998-1999 the company had acquired over forty related and non-related businesses and had peaked at revenues of $20 billion. During the late 1990’s Sara Lee managers began to experience a difficult time in managing the company and increasing profits. This was due to the highly diversified and globally scattered operations that Sara Lee Corp. had developed into. (Gamble & Thomson, 2010) Over the next decade Sarah Lee would begin to transform the company into a streamlined, less globally and industrial diverse company; with a focus and commitment on superior products and customer service. The transformation would include divesting of businesses that contributed to approx. 37% of annual revenue and a spin-off of branded apparel into a new business, Hanesbrand, with the expectation that the retrenchment initiatives would generate $3 billion in net after-tax proceeds. With the introduction of a new CEO in 2000, Steven McMillan launched a new strategic initiative to narrow Sara Lee’s focus by divesting of unrelated business assets and companies that were not key to the organizations focused industries. In 2005 Brenda Barnes was appointed as President and CEO of Sara Lee Corp and with her appointment the announcement that Sara Lee Corp...

Words: 1723 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Sara Ahmed

...* Psychology is a relatively new scientific discipline * Was once known as an experimental philosophy * Descartes introduced idea that the brain is not the same as the mind, mind and body are separate entities * John Locke’s concept of empiricism shows that knowledge is derived from sensory experience (senses) * Can be studied using the scientific method Wundt and Introspection: Evaluation: Key behaviourist psychologists: Pavlov & Watson * Unreliable method of investigation * Different participants provide different introspective reports about same stimulus. * Trained in introspection not very useful * Pavlov got reliable, reproducible results in experiments on animals and can be generalised to humans * Can’t study on children and animals due to limited vocab and can’t express feelings properly. * Animal thoughts can’t be studied * Learning, development, mental disorders & personality can’t investigate through introspection – questions validity of using introspection as a method for investigating human behaviour because it’s subjective (only his/her can report mental processes * For Watson, only way to make psychology a science is to emulate natural science and adopt its own objective methods * Psychologists often use it alongside other scientific methods to investigate. Key behaviourist psychologists: Pavlov & Watson * Unreliable method of investigation ...

Words: 2443 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Sara Case Analysis

...------------------------------------------------- Sara Lee Corporation in 2011: Has Its Retrenchment Strategy Been Successful? Executive Summary Sara Lee Corporation was founded in 1939 and, as of 2001, had acquired more than forty companies. Sales reached $10 billion in 1988, $15 billion in 1994, and $20 billion in 1998.However, revenues peaked in 1998, as Sara Lee struggled to manage the company’s broadly diversified and geographically scattered operations. In February 2005, Brenda Barnes, Sara Lee’s newly appointed president and CEO, announced a strategic plan to transform Sara Lee into a more tightly focused food, beverage, and household products company. The centerpiece of Barnes’s transformation plan was the divestiture of weak-performing business units and product categories accounting for $8.2 billion in sales - 40% of Sara Lee’s annual revenue. Barnes believed that Sara Lee could benefit from concentrating its financial and managerial resources on a smaller number of business segments where market prospects were promising and Sara Lee’s brands were well positioned. As the first phase of Barnes’s transformation plan, Sara Lee was to exit eight businesses: Direct selling, U.S. retail coffee, European apparel, European nuts and snacks, European rice, U.S. meat snacks, European meats, and Sara Lee branded apparel.The latter was spun off as an independent company, Hanesbrands Inc. Following the disposition of these nonstrategic businesses in 2006, Sara Lee focused on increasing the sales...

Words: 981 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Sarah Lee

...Overview Sara Lee Corporation has a vision “to be the first choice of consumers and customers around the world by bringing together innovative ideas, continuous improvement and people who can make things happen.” The company’s vision can be summed up simply with their mission: “To simply delight you…everyday.” The company has been trying to achieve these goals since 1939 when the company began. Sara Lee employs a broad differentiation strategy, and has been diversifying since inception, mainly by acquisition. In 2005, the company, in an effort to raise profitability, began to divest eight of its business. The company’s goal was to increase sales to at least $14 billion, and increase operating profit to 12%. The idea was to focus efforts on the good, beverage and household product industry, which were seen as more profitable, and profits would increase. In 2008, Sara Lee launched an initiative called Project Accelerate. This program was designed to cut costs and increase productivity by focusing on overhead costs, streamlining the supply chain and outsourcing. It is expected to save of sum of $350 to $400 million by the end of 2012. By 2010, Project Accelerate had saved the company $180 million. The management team also decided to buyback $2.5 to $3 billion of common shares over a three year period. Despite their efforts, by the end of 2010, Sara Lee has revenues of just $10.8 billion and the operating profit margin was well below the target 12% at 8.5%. In an attempt to boost...

Words: 3768 - Pages: 16