...Dictionary of Education: Language of Teaching and Learning Name Institution Article Notes and Critique No. 1 Ali, M.S. (2007). Dictionary of education: Language of teaching and learning. Bloomington, IN: Author House. Description of problem addressed in study: Learning in preschool depends highly on the teachers’ cues. Different cues of different teachers have different impact on word leaning on pupils in preschool. For a better understanding and proper learning of children requires the best cues which highly depend on the teachers. Therefore, different teachers’ impact learning differently. Description of the purpose of the study: The study taken by Saylor and Carroll was to find out the impact of different cues had on a three year old Childs’ understanding. The study focused specifically word learning through direct physical cues and indirect cues as well as verbal cues. The purpose of the research was focused on the impact of different types of cues and how knowledge was shared between the child and the teacher. Listing of the study’s research questions and/or hypotheses: the researchers used questions to get their purposes achieved and these are just an example of the questions the researchers may have used 1) Did the pupils understand the words better when taught by someone they knew? 2) Was learning different and better when taught by a teacher they knew because of direct physical cues given? Some o f the expectations researchers...
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...Ethics and Business Success Overview Ethics are the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual, a social group, or society as a whole. When it comes to professional ethics, we take into consideration our personal values, family background, culture, education, and religion or philosophy before making important decisions. These factors provide the framework from which we base our decisions and justify our actions. Unfortunately not everything in life is so cut and dry, there often exist many gray areas that can lead to ethical dilemmas, since what one person thinks is the right course of action might not always appeal to everyone else’s ethical sensibilities. For many the words “business” and “ethics” form an oxymoron. We are frequently inundated with reports of ethical misconduct in the business world—misappropriated finances, inflated earnings, labor misconduct, and environmental recklessness are just a few of the many egregious acts to which we have become familiar. In this reading, we will explore the importance of business ethics and closely study how it relates to corporate success. We will take a look at several stellar examples of companies that regularly exhibit high ethical standards. While you read, consider how your personal ethics come into play when you make business and personal decisions that affect others. Codes of Conduct The first step towards implementing ethical business practices is to clarify what types of behaviors a company...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 1 Project Management in a Complex World Faster, cheaper, and better has become the mantra of not only profit-making organizations seeking to increase market share and profits but also nonprofits and governmental organizations seeking to increase their value to clients. Organizations are increasingly using projects to meet these goals. Projects are goal directed and time framed, and when managed well, projects deliver on time and within budget. This book is about how to manage projects well. All projects have common characteristics: every project has a scope, budget, and schedule. Projects also differ. Understanding how projects differ and what that difference means to the management of the project is critical to successfully managing a project. Large, complex projects need project management tools, systems, and processes that are very different from the small and less complex project. Within this text, we provide a tool for profiling a project based on the complexity of the project and describe the different project management approaches needed for the difference in project profiles. Project management is complicated. In some ways, this is a good thing because students who learn how to manage projects well...
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...Historical and Contemporary Theories of Management Overview The idea of management is not new. Early forms of management concepts have been applied throughout history in order to progress as a society. Could Stonehenge have been built without the management of all of the required tasks? What about the Mayan or Egyptian pyramids? Could the stones for these monuments have been found, cut, and moved without a plan? Management activities were needed in order to complete these massive projects. In this reading, we will explore some of the early theories of management, although we will not be able to go as far back as the Mayans or Egyptians. We will start in the late 18th century and then work our way up to current and contemporary 21st century concepts. Early Management Theories The Industrial Revolution as well as the growth of factories and mass production created a need for strong management processes. Better and more efficient ways of manufacturing goods were needed in order to maximize productivity, bring down costs, and increase profitability. As a result, since the late 1800’s, theorists have developed a wide range of methods for improving management practices. As discussed earlier in this subunit, Frederick Winslow Taylor was an early pioneer of management theory. In this reading, we will discuss Taylor’s management approach and other early management theories, and then move on to more modern approaches. The Scientific Approach Taylor was the founder of the Scientific Approach...
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...“This document is attributed to Donald N. Stengel” Attributed to Donald N. Stengal Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books/ Saylor.org 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Managerial Economics What Is Managerial Economics? One standard definition for economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. A second definition is the study of choice related to the allocation of scarce resources. The first definition indicates that economics includes any business, nonprofit organization, or administrative unit. The second definition establishes that economics is at the core of what managers of these organizations do. This book presents economic concepts and principles from the perspective of “managerial economics,” which is a subfield of economics that places special emphasis on the choice aspect in the second definition. The purpose of managerial economics is to provide economic terminology and reasoning for the improvement of managerial decisions. Most readers will be familiar with two different conceptual approaches to the study of economics: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies phenomena related to goods and services from the perspective of individual decisionmaking entities—that is, households and businesses. Macroeconomics approaches the same phenomena at an aggregate level, for...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 1 Preface Writing is often a challenge. If you were ever challenged to express yourself via the written word, this book is for you. Writing for Success is a text that provides instruction in steps, builds writing, reading, and critical thinking, and combines comprehensive grammar review with an introduction to paragraph writing and composition. Beginning with the sentence and its essential elements, this book addresses each concept with clear, concise, and effective examples that are immediately reinforced with exercises and opportunities to demonstrate learning. Each chapter allows students to demonstrate mastery of the principles of quality writing. With its incremental approach, this book can address a range of writing levels and abilities, helping each student prepare for the next writing or university course. Constant reinforcement is provided through examples and exercises, and the text involves students in the learning process through reading, problem solving, practicing, listening, and experiencing the writing process. Each chapter also has integrated examples that unify the discussion and form a common, easy-tounderstand basis for discussion and exploration. This will put students at ease and allow for greater...
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...Globalization and the Coca-Cola Company Introduction Today, Coca-Cola is one of most well-known brands in the world. This company has continued to gain momentum and growth, capitalizing on the rapidly expanding beverage industry and ranking as the largest beverage company in the world. With its push for global market share, Coca-Cola now operates in over 200 countries with over 84,000 suppliers. Currently, over 70% of Coca Cola’s business income is generated from non-US sources (Coca-Cola Company, 2012). In over a century, Coca-Cola has grown the company into a multi-million dollar business. However, the road to success has not always been easy for Coca-Cola. Many countries have banned the use of Coca-Cola products, claiming that these products are “threatening public health” and “encouraging obesity.” Many labor practice suits have been filed against the mega beverage company with accusations of “child labor sweatshops” and “discrimination in providing health care benefits to workers.” In addition, the beverage industry has been flooded with competitors introducing new soft drink products, such as Pepsi, along with soft drink alternatives, such as Gatorade, bottled water, fruit juice, and energy drinks. Coca-Cola has faced the challenge by introducing new beverage brands including Sprite, Fanta, Minute Maid, Simply Orange, Fresca, Vitamin Water, Smart Water, Odwalla, and Powerade. In light of the obstacles Coca-Cola has overcome, the company has remained true to its commitment...
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...strategic management matter? 3. What elements determine firm performance? Strategic Management: A Core Concern for Apple The Opening of the Apple Store Image courtesy of Neil Bird, http://www.flickr.com/photos/nechbi/2058929337. March 2, 2011, was a huge day for Apple. The firm released its much-anticipated iPad2, a thinner and faster version of market-leading Apple’s iPad tablet device. Apple also announced that a leading publisher, Random House, had made all seventeen thousand of its books available through Apple’s iBookstore. Apple had enjoyed tremendous success for quite some time. Approximately fifteen million iPads were sold in 2010, and the price of Apple’s stock had more than tripled from early 2009 to early 2011. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 4 But future success was far from guaranteed. The firm’s visionary founder Steve Jobs was battling serious health problems. Apple’s performance had suffered when an earlier health crisis had forced Jobs to step away from the company. This raised serious questions. Would Jobs have to step away again? If so, how might Apple maintain its excellent performance without its leader? Meanwhile, the iPad2 faced daunting competition. Samsung, LG, Research in Motion, Dell, and other manufacturers were trying to create tablets that were cheaper, faster, and more versatile than the iPad2. These firms were eager to steal market share by selling their tablets to current and potential Apple customers...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 1 Preface Competing books are focused on the academic part of HRM, which is necessary in a university or college setting. However, the goal with this book is not only to provide the necessary academic background information but also to present the material with a practitioner’s focus on both large and small businesses. While the writing style is clear and focused, we don’t feel jargon and ten-dollar words are necessary to making a good textbook. Clear and concise language makes the book interesting and understandable (not to mention more fun to read) to the future HRM professional and manager alike. It is highly likely that anyone in business will have to take on an HRM role at some point in their careers. For example, should you decide to start your own business, many of the topics discussed will apply to your business. This is the goal of this book; it is useful enough for the HRM professional, but the information presented is also applicable to managers, supervisors, and entrepreneurs. Besides these differences, other key differences include the following: This book utilizes a technology focus and shows how HRM activities can be leveraged using technology. We have also included a chapter on communication and information...
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...Ethical Dilemmas James Marcel Horsley University of Maryland Abstract Now-a-days it is hard to find yet alone keep a good paying job. When doing so one is faced with challenges on hoe to keep the job or position they hold at their workplace. (Exploring Business, 2014) An ethical dilemma is a morally problematic situation. (Picking between two or more acceptable but often opposing alternatives that are important to different groups) To be ethical means to know right from wrong and to know when you’re practicing one instead of the other. There is no such thing as a perfect business or company, but there are positive and negative ethical people with-in the company or business Ethical Dilemmas Angela’ Ethical Dilemma Angela is faced with having to say loyal to her job and her job positon with WellCare USA and her loyalty with her neighbors that she just helped get a job for the company she works with. At this point she is stuck between the two because she doesn’t want to betray her job but at the same time she cares about her neighbors and how they are going to pay for the new house they just put a down payment on. I would advise her to stay true to what matters most to “you.” Meaning, if you know based on the type of decision you make will determine whether you still have a job or not (depending on the seriousness of the Intel) then you have to do what’s right for you before you ended up without a job. (Exploring Business. 2014) When making an ethical decision in oppose...
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...This document is attributed to Jack Lule and Flat World Knowledge 8.2 Movies and Culture LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. 2. Recognize how movies reflect cultural attitudes, trends, and events. Indicate how movies influence culture. Movies Mirror Culture The relationship between movies and culture involves a complicated dynamic; while American movies certainly influence the mass culture that consumes them, they are also an integral part of that culture, a product of it, and therefore a reflection of prevailing concerns, attitudes, and beliefs. In considering the relationship between film and culture, it is important to keep in mind that, while certain ideologies may be prevalent in a given era, not only is American culture as diverse as the populations that form it, but it is also constantly changing from one period to the next. Mainstream films produced in the late 1940s and into the 1950s, for example, reflected the conservatism that dominated the sociopolitical arenas of the time. However, by the 1960s, a reactionary youth culture began to emerge in opposition to the dominant institutions, and these antiestablishment views soon found their way onto screen—a far cry from the attitudes most commonly represented only a few years earlier. In one sense, movies could be characterized as America’s storytellers. Not only do Hollywood films reflect certain commonly held attitudes and beliefs about what it means to be American, but they also portray contemporary trends, issues, and...
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...PLANNING FOR GROWTH: Kelly’s Sandwich Stop BMGT 110 (6981) – UMUC Final Project Professor S. Goyal Abstract Kelly has a well established lunch business and is ready to take the next logical step with her company, expansion. She will need to develop and implement a strategic addendum to her business plan, that will focus primarily on the growth of the company, in order to meet her range of goals. The proper business plan will entail more than just demonstrating how her revenue will grow by the numbers; Kelly’s growth strategy must attest to her capability to responsibly bring her food services to new customers and new markets, perhaps even introducing new products. Growth Strategy The first step that needs to be taken to in the organization and prioritization of Kelly’s growth strategy is for her to diagnose the health of her business. This preliminary step involves gathering the detailed information about each of Kelly’s four business divisions (finance, human resources, marketing, and operations), so that she is able to measure exactly how well the business is doing and pinpoint where changes will be needed. Kelly, preferably with an advisor, should scour through the business information, cash flow and income statements, balance sheets and statements of owner’s equity, analyzing her company SWOT (strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats) in order to better assess the company’s capabilities and expansion needs. The value of a SWOT analysis is two-fold, as not only does...
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...Coca-Cola’s globalization and its main strategies by Olga Skuratovska Management 502 (MGT502) Professor Claudia J.Ford October 15, 2014 Olga Skuratovska Skuratovska1 Professor Claudia J.Ford Management 502 (MGT502) October 15, 2014 Introduction For my business case study research paper I chose the Coca-Cola Company. I went through a lot of information about the company, I learned the company’s history and analyzed their main strategies that made Coca-Cola one of the most successful and recognized beverage company in the world. “The Coca-Cola Company, founded in 1886, is the world leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. It currently operates in over 200 countries worldwide and is most famous for the innovative soft drink, ‘Coca-Cola’, but can now boast in the region of 230 different brands (www.coca-cola.com). Its headquarters are in Atlanta, Georgia. Its subsidiaries employ nearly 30,000 people around the world. 70% of the company volume and 80% of the company profit come from outside the United States. It is one of the most visible companies in the world. Their Coca-Cola product is now available all over the world and has resulted in the drink becoming the world’s...
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...ESTRELITA TOLENTINO GAMIT, Ph.D. Asso. Professor OPEN UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE CITY OF MUNOZ, NUEVA ECIJA PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION The excellence in the program in any institution reflects the quality of program planning and development. Education is no exception: the quality of individual school programs varies quite directly with the quality of program planning. The programs of individual schools, classrooms and of individual students usually mirror distinctly the nature and extent of the planning and development of these programs by teacher and students (Saylor and Alexander, 1966). Curriculum development is a complex undertaking. Its complexity and difficulty are perhaps heightened by the usual absence of a set of clear ideas or models and planning and the how and theory of curriculum planning and development (Beauchamp, 1961). ASSUMPTIONS OF CURRICULUM PLANNING (Saylor and Alexander, 1966) 1. Quality in educational program has priority in educational goals. 2. The curriculum itself must be dynamic and ever changing as new developments and needs in our society arise. 3. The process of curriculum planning must be continuous, not limited and must be dynamic. 4. No master curriculum plans will serve all schools. 5. Many individuals participate in curriculum planning. 6. Procedures of curriculum planning vary from system to system, from school to school, and from classroom to classroom, but they must be logical, consistent...
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...I did see a mangrove crab. They also provide food for a multitude of marine species such as snook, snapper, tarpon, sheepshead, red drum, oysters and shrimp. Florida's recreational and commercial fisheries would drastically decline without healthy mangrove forests. Many animals find refuge in either the branches or roots of mangroves. Mangrove branches are nesting areas, for coastal birds such as roseate spoonbills and brown pelicans. As I started walking Saylor Trail, the sign gave the following information stated that this area used to be a shell road. Many felt the area was an underutilized natural resource. In 1994, this is when The Friends of Barefoot Beach, a non profit volunteer group, was born.. They cleared the trail and it is still maintained by this group today. Alice Saylor loved the trail and it was her home away from home. Before her passing in 2003, some of the Friends suggested they call this trail the Saylor Trail. And so it began. Along the Saylor Trail, the Spanish Bayonet caught my attention. It has astonishing flower spikes and sharp leaves. However, it was not in bloom this time of year. I also noticed...
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