...Part I Colonial SocietY,1492-1783 what evidence colony in 1622and wrote a report of the conditions he saw there. failings were as much or perhaps even more to blame did h; provide that human document' than natural causes for the sufferings of the colonists? The second report, is a letter written by indentured servant Richard dated a year after Butler's exploitation of Frethorne to his parents in England, in which he reveals that the was well under way by 1623' human labor in Virginia winthrop of the As you read the third document, written by Governor John note the differences in what Breen termed operative Massachusetts Bay Colony, in Virginia' Comvalues between the stated goals for that colony and conditions journey to America in 1630, winthrop's statement clearly exposed during his forth the pressed the religious motives of the Puritan adventurers and set communal effort take precedence over individual amideologlcal objective that what did winthrop mean by his declaration that "we shall be as a city bition. upon a Hill"? quite different, characcircumstances had done much to modify the original, and and within a generation of the founding of Virginia and Massachusetts, time that their ters of the two colonies. The Virginia colonists ultimately realized quickly would not find fulfillment; eventually, the expandreams of getting rich nonethesion of agrlculture furthered the development of a more stable-but Massachusetts also represented a success story, less prosperous-society...
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...The Life of a Young Indentured Servant In the novel Our Nig, Harriet Wilson reverses conventional gender roles by depicting women as disciplinarians and men as passive. The reader is introduced to Mrs. Bellmont as a cruel and nasty parent who constantly abuses Frado. Her uncontrollable rage compares to the depictions of the cruel southern mistress who beats the master’s illegitimate child. While Frado is not the child of the Bellmonts, the wife seems comparable to these slave mistresses as she exerts extreme cruelty for no specific reason. Mr. Bellmont is seen as very passive, but his refusal to stand up to his wife points to his symbolic position as a neglectfully benevolent slave father. However, this association of women with abusive authority and men with passivity does not apply to everyone. Wilson only keys in on the Belmont family to exemplify this gender role reversal. Throughout the story we ascertain that the male children of the Bellmont family are very sympathetic of Frado and want her to be able to enjoy herself in their household. In traditional reading, especially in the 19th century, men are assumed the power role of the household and usually fail to show emotion. This role reversal is important because it shows the power that woman are able to posses in the household. Wilson helps the reader understand how women do act when they are in power and she gives an in depth perception of this her. Wilson explains a story about an indentured servant but the details are...
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...work outso well for the structure of society or the well being of the colonists Breen says that the first people to come to Virginia were “in no way a random sample of seventeenth-century English society” (23). Here he's trying to say that the people of Virginia donot reflect the same ideals and values of England. Most of the people that came to Virginia werefresh out of the wars in Ireland or were roughnecks or sea captains looking to get rich quick in Virginia. Breen describes the colonists that came to Jamestown as tough, individualistic, and willing to exploit people and resources (24). The people of Virginia were willing to do whatever it took to make a quick buck. They exploited the land for tobacco and exploited the use of indentured servants and later slavery to do their work for them. The people that colonized Virginia did not live close together like inhabitants of most other colonies. This was as Breen put it a “cultural phenomena” (25). I think he means that the people were physically seperated and this led to more and more feelings of individualism because unlike in other colonies the people were not able to have much of a feel for community or group preservation even. They were merely interested in takingcare of themselves.It was more than just an individualistic approach, there was definitely amoney-above-all ideology in the colony of Virginia....
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...The impact Bacon’s Rebellion had on indentured servitude and African slavery begaing When the settlers came to the New World they came looking for gold and riches, they soon discovered that there was not much gold in this new land but did discovered that the soil here was extremely fertile and could grow a lot of different kinds of crops. With this new source of revenue in the southern colonies these cash crops required a lot of labor and manpower to grow, maintain and harvest the crops, because the land owners were wealthy aristocrats and political leaders they came up with an idea called indentured servitude because they didn’t have the time or the means to do the labor. when the newly freed indentured servants, who had been granted land...
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...had died in all other American wars combined. It brought unity between the north and the south, and had far-reaching effects on the direction the young nation was taking. The south was placed under military rule and was divide into military districts, reconstruction, the plan to rebuild America, began, and industrialism began as a result of the increase in wartime production and the development of new technologies. The greatest impact of the Civil War, however, was that slavery had been effectively abolished, although not official until the 13th amendment. The first African Americans that arrived in Jamestown in 1619 were neither slaves nor free. They were indentured servants who became free when their time was complete, usually ranging from 5, 7, or 10 years. This was short lived and slavery gradually replaced indentured servitude as primary means for plantation labor in the South. Virginia was the first British colony to legally establish slavery in 1661, followed by Maryland and the Carolinas, Georgia was the only Southern colony that fought against slavery, until seventeen years after its formation, and it too accepted it. Northern colonies also had its slaves, but the basis of its economy did not promote the need for them, unlike the South, which focused primarily on agriculture and managing plantations. Because of this, the slave population in the North remained small, and the slaves were frequently granted their...
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...Cherelle Fox His 272 Mr. Chris Curry Apprenticeship in Jamaica: Was it successful? The Emancipation of the British West Indies was anticipated as early as 1787, but was not achieved until the Abolition Act of 1833. However, in 1833 emancipation was not as complete as these words would suggest, as there were clauses in the Act about an Apprenticeship system which delayed complete emancipation until 1838. The Apprenticeship system was originally applied to the plan instituted in the interval between slavery and emancipation to prepare the slaves to assume the duties of freemen. The new law freed immediately those slaves under the age of six years old; however older slaves were to be ‘apprenticed’ for up to eight years. There were many justifications given for Apprenticeship; it was used to soften the blow of emancipation by giving the planters a few more years of free labour, while conceding to the slaves their right to freedom. The earlier proposals of an Apprenticeship period of twelve years show clearly that it was designed to appease the planters and persuade the slaves into thinking that they were free. What the British colonial government really wanted before full emancipation was to reduce the amount of slaves leaving the plantation, ensure sugar productions remain constant and prevent major disturbances in all British colonies that were under the Apprenticeship system. However, although the British colonial government anticipated for this to happen, their resolve...
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...(Give me specifically where you find it, sometimes a thesis can be as small as a sentence or split up between whole paragraphs. Your job is to argue where you think it is) a. Do you agree with his thesis? 2. Does he provide enough support for this thesis/arguments? b. If so, provide evidence to which sources you found most credible. If not, what else would you have liked to see? Chapter Questions: 1.) What is the “color line?” 2.) How does Howard Zinn describe the differences between slavery as it existed in Africa versus its existence in America? Do you believe that these differences are significant? How and why? 3.) How did the Virginia ruling class begin to drive a wedge between the white indentured servants and enslaved blacks? 4.) How did the white ruling class attempt to control the African slaves in America? Did they...
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...and privileges for an Assembly, according to the rights of the free born subjects of England. Nathaniel Bacon on Bacon's Rebellion (1676) 1) What are the rebel's complaints against the government of Virginia? The government wasn't caring about the settlers welfare when it came to attacks brought on by the Native American's, and that was the complaint the rebel's had against the government of Virginia. 2) Do Bacon and his followers envision any place for Indians in Virginia society? In Bacon and his followers eyes they thought the Indians had no right there and all they wanted was the possession of the land. They saw no place for the Indians in the Virginia society.They did nothing but despise the Indians. Complaint of an Indentured Servant (1756) 1) What are Elisabeth Springs's main complaints about her treatment? Elisabeth Springs's main complaints were that she is being treated poorly by living in...
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...materials back to Britain. One of the raw materials in great demand from the new world was tobacco. Tobacco basically made family farms and large plantations wealthy and brought the new world into the global market (Brown, 2001). As tobacco became more and more popular, money made from the tobacco was put back into more land in order to grow more tobacco. The primary labor for this came from indentured servants. Due to the demand for tobacco the indentured servants were worked extremely hard and Brown (2001) writes “…the misery of indentured laborers who complained of being bought and sold like slaves” would only increase as farmers and plantation owners continue to expand their lands. Towards the end of the 17th century indentured servants would dwindle and the labor force would be largely met with African slaves. As the English empire grew slavery expanded gradually, Britain’s role in the slave trade matured, and enslaved Africans became more available throughout Virginia. By the end of the 1600s slaves had begun to replace white indentured servants among the Virginia’s large plantation owners. By the late 1600s, slaves accounted for nearly all of a plantations workforce but only 25 to 40 percent of smaller farms (McCartney and Wolf, 2015). McCartney and Wolf (2015) also...
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...Why Was Charles Town Difficult To settle Charles Town was the first british settlement in the Americas. But what made it so difficult to settle here? The settlers wanted to settle here but it was difficult so many died then it was habitable. What made Charles Town difficult to settle? The location of Charles Town,the resources, the diseases. All of this made it difficult to settle in Charles Town. How did the location of Charles Town made it difficult to settle in the Americas? The map maker could have mistakes and send them to florida that was ruled by the spanish at the time. The close proximity of water can be an advantage but a disadvantage as well. The water can drown the plants but they have an unlimited resource of water. The location of Charles Town made it difficult to settle here. The resources made it difficult to settle in Charles Town. Although the soil was very rich there's still clay, loam, and marl. Which made it difficult to farm because South Carolina was a plantation colony. But there was a lot of pasturage for farming and growing animal pens. Document B quoted “The country abounds everywhere with large swamps, which, when cleared, opened, and sweetened by culture, yield plentiful crops of rice. Along the banks of our rivers and creeks there are also swamps and marshes, fir either for rice, or, by the hardness of their bottoms, for pasturage.” Food was in a very low supply for the colonist. The resources made it difficult to settle in Charles Town. The diseases...
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...Two big colonial societies in the 1700’s were the New England and Chesapeake Bay societies. These societies varied in community and family life, but some similarities arose. In this time indentured servants were also widely used. This led to tension and conflict. This conflict though initiated a flourish of slave use in the in the Chesapeake Bay. The New England colonies consisted of what is now Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. These New England societies were very highly involved with educated their colonists. Education began at an early age. Massachusetts even made it a rule that if a town had more than 50 houses a teacher was required to teach the children. They were so involved in education they even founded Harvard in 1636. Harvard originally started as a ministry school to train men to be ministers. This stress on education was very important and had a huge impact on the literacy in New England. Compared to other colonies they had a high rate of individuals who could sign their names. 90% of white males could and 40% of females compared to a 50% rate in other colonies. THey even beat out England where only 33% of white males could read and write. Community life was also very important to New England societies and was set up in a unique way. All the towns were organized in the same way. In the center of each community there was a meeting house. The meeting house was...
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...To What Extent Did Indian Indentured Labour Help To Relieve The Post-Emancipation Labour Problems In Trinidad? Compiled by Mark Rougier TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction................................................................................................................................(1) Defining the terms Indian indentured labour; and post-emancipation…………………….(1) The Labour Problems.................................................................................................................(2) Failure in the Systematic Convention Explanation…………………………………………..(2) Labour Shortage......................................................................................................................... (3) Cash Flow.................................................................................................................................... (4) The Communication Problem................................................................................................. ..(5) The Indian Arrival……………………………………………………………………………..(5) The extent to which Indian indentured labour help to relieve the post-emancipation labour problems in Trinidad......................................................................................................... ……(6) Laying The Basis ForProfitability......................................................................................... .(7) The Effects Wages had on relieving the labour problems………………………………… (8) ...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix A Clash of Cultures Complete the grid by describing the characteristics listed in the left-side column for the five groups named. | |Native Americans |Northern Colonists |Mid-Atlantic Colonists |Southern Colonists |West Africans | |Political Structure|Politics advanced in large |Participated in discussions, took |The Middle Colonies were generally|The southern colonies had a |Politics advanced in large | | |kingdoms that oversaw and |votes on projects and taxes. Laws |run by Royal or Proprietary |governor and a council appointed |kingdoms that oversaw and | | |protected their citizens and that |were based on common law to do |Governors and elected Colonial |by the crown, and an assembly |protected their citizens and that | | |allowed for expansive lines of |God’s duty in the land he had |Assemblies. Many Middle Colony |or house of representatives that |allowed for expansive lines of | | |trade. |given them |constitutions guaranteed freedom |was elected by the people. The |trade. | | | | |of religion and forbade taxation |governor...
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...On one hand, the puritans, who colonized the New England, were very religious. They wanted to create a model society in which there were limits to legitimate commercial behavior, and the religious idealism would turn into a renewed sense of community. They were very strict in their religious beliefs. The Chesapeake region took a different approach, and did not put religion at the center of life. In the Chesapeake, religion was much less severe. These was the difference between two region. The second difference between the two settlements was economy. The Chesapeak’s economy was almost entirely based on farming. Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops. Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land. On the other hand New England’s economy was largely depend on ocean. Fishing was most important to the New England economy. Farming was difficult in New England for crops like wheat because of the poor soil. As can be seen the economic sources was different between the two region. The last difference between the two settlements was climate. New England endured bitterly cold winters and mild summers. Land was flat close to the coastline but became hilly and mountainous farther inland. Soil was generally rocky, making farming difficult. Cold winters reduced the spread of disease. In the Cheasapeak region enjoyed warm climate with hot summers and mild winters. The soil was perfect for farming and the growing...
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...Two of the main reasons why Virginians shifted from utilizing indentured servants to using enslaved peoples were economics and racism. The economic viability of using enslaved Africans instead of white indentured servants was probably the more “active” and common reason why they came to be used much more extensively than indentured servants. Racism was a much more “passive” reasoning for it. By the late seventeenth century, the amount of indentured servants was not adequate to work the sugar plantations of Barbados and the other English sugar islands. Slaves were much easier for that harsh work, as they were expendable and very populous there. Black outnumbered whites by three to one on the island of Barbados. (Plantation Life. Chapter 2.) Throughout the seventeenth century tobacco prices in Virginia fell, going from four pounds in 1620 to less than one in 1690.("Evidence 11: Price of Tobacco in Virginia, 1620-1690." "U.S. History Website.") This caused plantation owners to purchase African slaves as they had fewer rights and required less upkeep than indentured servants, so they were less expensive. A Virginia-based planter Nicholas Spencer declared, “low price of Tobacco requires it should bee made as cheap as possible,” and “blacks can make it cheaper than whites.” ("Plantation Life."...
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