...Consumer Preferences in the Indian Banking Industry - An Exploratory Study using Multidimensional Scaling ABSTRACT Banks are the essential part of a country’s economy and citizen’s life. Banking promotes saving and uses this money for borrowing purposes. All manner of people from the ordinary laborers and workers to the rich land owners and businessmen can keep their money safely in banks and earn savings on it. People decide which Bank to associate with depending upon its different features or attributes. The importance that customers give to each attribute, however, differs from one consumer to another. The ability to identify the importance of different attributes of banks from the consumers’ perspective is essential for improving an existing bank or establishing a new bank. The purpose of this study is to identify the positioning of major banks in India. The study makes use of the multidimensional scaling technique to identify (a) the dimensions underlying of customers’ evaluation of banks, and (b) the potential opportunities for the new bank in the perceptual map of the consumers’ mind. Keywords: Multi-Dimensional Scaling, Banks in India INTRODUCTION Banks are the heart of a nation’s economy. Firstly they promote savings through offering saving rates. Secondly, they invest this savings either through direct investment or loans to promote the economy of the country. In India, commercial banking has played a vital role in driving the economy for almost 200 years. Pre...
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...Chapter 10: Multidimensional Scaling Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a series of techniques that helps the analyst to identify key dimensions underlying respondents’ evaluations of objects. It is often used in Marketing to identify key dimensions underlying customer evaluations of products, services or companies. Once the data is in hand, multidimensional scaling can help determine: • what dimensions respondents use when evaluating objects • how many dimensions they may use in a particular situation • the relative importance of each dimension, and • how the objects are related perceptually The purpose of MDS is to transform consumer judgments of similarity or preference (eg. preference for stores or brands) into distances represented in multidimensional space. The resulting perceptual maps show the relative positioning of all objects. Multidimensional scaling is based on the comparison of objects. Any object (product, service, image, etc.) can be thought of as having both perceived and objective dimensions. For example, a firm may see their new model of lawnmower as having two color options (red versus green) and a 24-inch blade. These are the objective dimensions. Customers may or may not see these attributes. Customers may also perceive the lawnmower as expensive-looking or fragile, and these are the perceived dimensions. • The dimensions perceived by customers may not coincide with (or even include) the objective dimensions assumed by the researcher...
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...UNIT 6 ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT AND SCALES Objectives After reading this unit, you should be able to : • • • • describe the type of managerial research problems which utilise the tools of attitude measurement; discuss the type of issues which come up when one attempts the measurement of attitudes; explain the different attitude measurement scales, alongwith their strengths and limitations; decide for which type of research problems one should go in for specific scale or think of using multidimensional scaling. Attitude Measurement and Scales Structure 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 Introduction Attitudes, Attributes and Beliefs Issues in Attitude Measurement Scaling of Attitudes Deterministic Attitude Measurement Models : The Guttman Scale Thurstone's Equal-Appearing Interval Scale The Semantic Differential Scale Summative Models : The Likert Scale The Q-Sort Technique Multidimensional Scaling Selection of an Appropriate Attitude Measurement Scale Limitations of Attitude Measurement Scales Summary Key Words Self-assessment Exercises Further Readings 6.1 INTRODUCTION There are a number of management decisions which are taken in an organisation, from time to time. The decisions may relate to the acquisition or disposal of materials/machines, manufacturing or marketing of products, hiring or firing of employees, opening or closedown of plants, promotion or reversion of personnel, and so on. Some of these decisions may rely on data...
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...1.0 Introduction 1.1 Problem statement According to Price (2014), any useful marketing research study begins with a clearly defined problem. A clear research problem should declare the specific question that necessitated the research and its importance. Management decision problem What can Adidas do to expand its market share to become number one sportswear company in Malaysia? Marketing research problem Determine the sportswear users’ preferences and perception of customers toward Adidas sportswear. 1.2 Research questions 1.What are the main considerations of the consumers in sportswear buying? 2.What is the customers’ satisfaction level toward various attributes of Adidas products? 3.Are the customers loyal to Adidas? 1.3 Hypotheses 1. Consumers are emphasized on the sportswear quality. 2. Adidas customers are less satisfied toward Adidas sportswear design. 3. Adidas brand loyalty is low especially Adidas accessories. 1.4 Objective of the Study The root causes of the problems have to be defined clearly in order to help Adidas to improve its performance by achieving maximum sales. We understand that sportswear users’ preferences and perception of Adidas customer is the vital reasons for Adidas to achieve the organization’s goal. Gunelius (2014) indicates that a preferred brand means something to consumers who buy it, and Adidas need to continually research existing and prospective customers to understand how they perceive Adidas brand. Customer loyalty...
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...Post modern approach Some of the key concepts and techniques common to both Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy are: - Collaborative relationship between therapist and client - Client considered expert on own life - Focus on solutions (alternative stories) rather than problems - Positive (or optimistic) orientation - Emphasise client’s strengths rather than weaknesses - Clients set their own goals (take an active role) - Focus on the future - Use of questions - Belief that small steps lead to bigger changes - Postmodern idea that there are multiple realities and truths (they are not objective facts) - Importance of language An advantage of using both Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy together is that the therapist has more techniques or strategies to draw on as they see fit for the each individual client. Due to the many similarities between the two combining seems very appropriate. Many of the basic concepts and techniques of these Postmodern approaches could be quite easily be integrated into other therapeutic perspectives. For instance, the Feminist Perspective with its focus on how gender-roles and how they affect present behaviour could benefit from the use of exception questions, the miracle question, deconstruction and the creation of alternative stories. Or the Reality Perspective with its focus on each individual being responsible for what they choose to do could benefit from the use of exception questions and identifying...
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...Solution Work’ by Insoo Kim Berg & Therese Steiner I chose to do my first book review of the year on ‘Children’s solution work’, as I was intrigued as to how this modality can be applied to children. My practice to date involves only adults so I am very keen to adopt tools and tips to effectively talk to children in a therapeutic way. I was definitely not disappointed! This book clearly demonstrated how the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) model can be applied to the nonverbal, playful and creative habits of children. The books extensive use of examples and case studies in various contexts and situations was instrumental in demonstrating the creative techniques and strategies for working with children without relying exclusively on language. I will use this book review to discuss some of the ideas, techniques and cases that really stood out for me with the hope that I may one day incorporate them into my clinical work. “There is good harmony between SFBT and children because there are so many similarities between how children think and make sense of the world around them and the assumptions and procedures of SFBT.” One excellent example of this is the child’s relative indifference to the “cause” of a problem, over their need/desire to “fix” it. I encounter this on a daily basis with my own children. I often find myself inquiring about the cause of their problems, feeling that by doing so I will gain greater insight into their thoughts and feelings. However...
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...MEASUREMENT: Measurement is the heart of scientific discipline. It is the process of assigning numbers to objects or observations, the level of measurement being a function of the rules under which the numbers are assigned. According to Zikmund, “Measurement is the process of describing some property of a phenomenon of interest, usually by assigning numbers in a reliable and valid way”. In our daily life we are said to measure when we use some yardsticks to determine weight, height or some other features of a physical object. We also measure when we judge how well we like a song, intelligence, achievement, attitude, perception regarding quality. We, thus, measure physical object as well as abstract concepts. Measurement is a relatively complex & demanding task, especially so when it concerns qualitative or abstract phenomena. So, technically speaking, measurement is a process of mapping aspects of a domain onto other aspects of a range according to some rule of correspondence. It is a collection of quantitative data. TYPES OF MEASUREMENT: 1) Nominal measurement: All qualitative measurements are nominal, regardless of whether the categories differ from one another only in names. Nominal measurements represent the most elementary level of measurement in which values are assigned to an object for identification or classification purposes only. In nominal level of measurement, the categories differ from one another only in names. In other words, one category of a characteristic...
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...technology reducing power consumption and over all power management on chip are the key challenges below 100nm due to increased complexity. For many designs, optimization of power is important as timing due to the need to reduce package cost and extended battery life. For power management leakage current also plays an important role in low power VLSI designs. Leakage current is becoming an increasingly important fraction of the total power dissipation of integrated circuits. This paper describes about the various strategies, methodologies and power management techniques for low power circuits and systems. Future challenges that must be met to designs low power high performance circuits are also discussed. Keywords: Power Dissipation, low power, process nodes, leakage current, power management. 1. Introduction The advantage of utilizing a combination of low-power components in conjunction with low-power design techniques is more valuable now than ever before. Requirements for lower power consumption continue to increase significantly as components become battery-powered, smaller and require more functionality. In the past the major concerns for the VLSI designers was area, performance and cost. Power consideration was the secondary concerned. Now a day’s power is the primary concerned due to the...
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...➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Introduction Background Problem Definition Approach to the Problem Type of Research Design Scaling techniques Questionnaire development and Pretesting Sampling techniques Data Analysis Components Recommendations Conclusion How do children use the new technology? Background Problem Definition The Management Decision problem: “How LoveToCode should expand its operations to schools?” The Marketing Problem: “To determine the effective way of delivering the value proposition of IT Program.” Approach to the Problem 3 Main Components: 1. Value proposition content (3 Research Questions) 2. Competition (2 Research Questions) 3. Needs of potential customers (3 Research Questions) Type of Research Design Exploratory: ● Interviews with the schools principals Descriptive: ● Survey with potential customers Scaling Techniques ● Non-comparative scales (scaling techniques in which each stimulus object is scaled interdependently of the others) ● Itemized rating scale the Likert scale Questionnaire development and Pretesting ● Simple questions; ● 12 structured questions for survey (multiple choice questions, some open-ended, dichotomous and scales questions); ● 10 unstructured interview questions; Sampling Techniques Nonprobability sampling judgmental sampling sample size: 51 potential customer 3 interviewed school principals Data Analysis Methodology: ● Preliminary plan; ●...
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...maintenance folks paid attention to scalability of service provisioning algorithms, protocols and software. Similarly, the wireless networking community has also started to look at the scalability issues that are relevant to wireless cellular, wireless local, as well as wireless personal area networks besides the emerging area of infrastructure-less networks such as ad-hoc and sensor networks. Surprisingly there is significant scope for research in the wireless scalability area as it relates to the ad hoc and sensor networks and this is one of the reasons why this topic was chosen for a special issue. A wireless sensor network is likely to have a large number of nodes perhaps in thousands to millions and that may create, potentially, numerous scaling problems in the networking protocols, addressing schemes, hardware architectures etc. The key questions that people are asking in this area are: whether wireless networks are scalable? And if they are, what are the appropriate conditions under which the scalability properties are achievable? One of the pioneering works on the capacity of wireless networks was published by Gupta and Kumar [1]. This paper presented a theoretical framework to analyze the capacity of...
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...without the kind support and help of many classmates and my teacher. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Mr. Abhijit Bhattacharyya for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities. Abstract Power consumption has become one of the biggest challenges in high-performance microprocessor design. The rapid increase in the complexity and speed of each new CPU generation is outstripping the benefits of voltage reduction and feature size scaling. Designers are thus continuously challenged to come up with innovative ways to reduce power, while trying to meet all the other constraints imposed on the design. This paper presents an overview of the issues related to power consumption in the context of Intel CPUs. The main trends that are driving the increased focus on design for low power...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 37 (2012) 31 – 37 International Conference on Emerging Economies - Prospects and Challenges (ICEE-2012) Do brand personalities make a difference to consumers? Sheena , G. Naresh School of Management, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Abstract Branding means much more than just giving a brand name and signalling to the outside world that such a product or service has been stamped with the mark and imprint of an organization. Brands are a direct result of the strategy of market segmentation and product differentiation. A brand not only merely acts on the market, but also it organises the market, driven by a vision, a calling and an apparent design of what the category should become. Numerous brands wish only to identify completely with the category of the product, thereby expecting to control it. Today, there is a proliferation of brands in the Indian market. Brands of varying shapes, sizes, texture and many other distinctive features are available based on our choice, tastes and traditions. This varying demand is evident in any brand from the car we drive to the food we take. These brands awake interests in the consumers on the basis of the personalities they hold. Every brand thus, has its own distinct personality that appears to us in a different way in different situations. Hence, it is considered imperative for the study to investigate the significance of brand personality...
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...judge and derive the truth and not as a pleader who is only eager to prove his case in favour of his plaintiff.” Discuss the statement pointing out the objectives of research. Q4. Briefly describe the different steps involved in a research process. Q5. Explain the criteria of a good research. Q6. “Research is much concerned with proper fact finding, analysis and evaluation.” Do you agree with this statement? Give reason in support of your answers. Q7. Explain the types of research in detail. Q8. “Empirical research in India in particular creates so many problems for researchers.” State the problems that are usually faced by such researchers. Q9. Why is it important to define research problem appropriately? Q10. Explain in detail techniques involved in defining a research problem. Q11. “The task of defining the research problem is often follows a sequential pattern.” Explain. Q12. Write short notes on following: a. Ex post facto research b. Motivation in research c. Pilot survey UNIT-2: Research Design Q1. Explain the meaning and significance of research design. Q2. How does formulating a research design differ from developing an approach to a problem? Q3. “Research design in exploratory studies must be flexible but in descriptive studies, it must minimize bias and maximize reliability.” Discuss. Q4. Differentiate between exploratory and descriptive research. Q5. Write short notes on following: a. Extraneous variable b. Confounded relationship c. Research...
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...Likert scale and rank order scaling technique. First is likert scale is used mainly in evaluating surveys. A Likert-type scale consists of a series of declarative statements. The subject is asked to indicate whether he agrees or disagrees with each statement. Commonly, five options are provided: "strongly agree," "agree," "undecided," "disagree," and "strongly disagree." The individual responses "strongly agree" through "strongly disagree" are assigned numbers, usually 1-5. In this manner the responses to the various items are quantified and may be summed across statements to give a total score for the individual on the scale. (William and James, 1998). It is necessary, of course, that the assigned numbers are consistent with the meaning of the response. Respondents are asked to show their particular statement that associate with the item. Like: Questionnaire | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neither agree nor disagree | Agree | Strongly agree | 1. Do you think there is an impact of celebrity advertisements on purchasing of durable goods? | | | | | | 2. Do you think celebrity image is important for the product’s awareness? | | | | | | 3. Do the celebrity advertisements affect the choice of your brand? | | | | | | Here the respondents give their opinion according to the questions. The respondents were free to explain their answers from the five potential choices and they did that. This technique helps me to get the exact feelings...
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...Methods, Characteristics, Structure and Early History of Attitude Measurement Scales Abstract: Measurement of attitudes is beneficial in various aspects of day to day life. Business, social and government research often rely on the measurement of respondents attitudes to guide decision and policy making. Specific research designs and methods are required to ensure useful and valid quantitative data are end results of attitude research projects. Ground breaking researchers in the field of Sociology and Psychology developed the first reliable attitude research and scaling techniques over 50 years ago that are still in use today. An “attitude” is a theoretical entity constructed to characterize certain underlying response tendencies (Arul, 2012). As a hypothetical concept, attitudes cannot be measured directly. Any attempt to measure them “can only be inferential in nature: that is, we can only study behavior which is reasonably assumed to indicate the attitudes to be measured and quantify these indications so as to get an idea of how much individuals or groups differ in their psychological orientations toward a particular object or issue” (Arul, 2012, pg. 1). Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Griffin, 2013). The affective part refers to person’s general feelings or sentiments toward an object. Put another way, a person’s attitudes are driven directly by their beliefs or thoughts. This cognitive...
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