...Science for All Americans Name: Rachel Snyder Read this article Science for All Americans (web article) before you come to lab. Use the information in the article to answer the following questions in your own words (Do not copy and paste information directly from the article to answer these questions-that is considered plagiarism!): 1. What are some of the assumptions scientists make about understanding the world and universe? Scientists assume that everything that happens in the universe happens in regular patterns in which scientists can understand through diligent study. Another assumption made by scientists is that the universe is a large, sole system that the basic rules are the same anywhere in that system. 2. Science is a process...
Words: 401 - Pages: 2
...This article from PPST Bulletin is made available on-line by Samanvaya (www.samanvaya.com). All the rights of the article rest with the authors and any enquiries and clarifications may be directed to them. These are made available in an as-is basis, please report any mistakes to knowledge@samanvaya.com. TOWARDS A NON-WESTERN PERSPECTIVE ON SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE I The available studies on the phenomenon and institution of science suffer from a curious limitation. It is as if all those who analyse the subject were overawed by the grandeur of modern science, and their studies were in the nature of tributes laid at the feet of this great saviour. All analysis starts from the assumption that modern science is a set of value-free theories that uniquely explain reality. After the scientists in the early 20th century started overhauling their theories in a big way, it was granted that the value-free theories of science that explain reality may do so only partially at a given time, but as science progresses, its theories explain more and more of reality and the process converges towards the ‘ultimate’, ‘unique’ law that explains everything. Committed to this idealist picture of a unique value free science, the philosophy of science is reduced to a set of attempts at finding the epistemological criterion, internal to science, that allows the scientist, unencumbered by any extraneous considerations, to choose the true theory out of a competing set; the sociology of science is reduced to...
Words: 4795 - Pages: 20
...Computer science From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.[1][2] Computer scientists invent algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information and formulate suitable abstractions to model complex systems. Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computational complexity theory, study the fundamental properties of computational problems, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describe computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The general public sometimes confuses computer science with careers that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement...
Words: 5655 - Pages: 23
...Communication Technology (ICT) on Social Science Research Han Ping FUNG1,* 1 Technology Consulting, Hewlett-Packard, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *Han Ping FUNG (Email: corresponding han-ping.fung@hp.com) Abstract As more and more ICT tools being developed and used in social science research, it is a good idea to reflect how ICT had effects on social science research as a whole as there is a lacking of such study. This study is underpinned on and concurred with DeLone & McLean’s (1992, 2003) Information Systems (IS) Success Model in which ICT had effects on productivity of social science researchers. This study is based on participative observation approach in which ICT had effects on social science research in the following three ICT application areas: a) Pre-data analysis, b) Data analysis, and c) Post-data analysis. These three ICT application areas had improved a researcher’s productivity in terms of speed, quantity, quality, complexity as well as cost perspective is also discussed. Some concerns of using ICT are also included in this paper which encompasses: a) High learning curve, b) Revised expectation on researcher, c) Research by the convenient of big data, and d) Decrease of social skills of researcher. Limitation, recommendation for future works and conclusion are also included Keywords – Information and Communication Technology, Social Science Research, Information Systems Success Model Introduction In 2010s, social science research is conducted differently from those...
Words: 6420 - Pages: 26
...Perceptions on Inquiry Based Learning in Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers The modern world in which we live is requiring individual citizens to become more equipped with essential 21st century skills. The science classroom is a platform where students can engage in critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills that would enhance their readiness for our rapidly changing, technology rich, society. Furthermore, teaching these skills through means of inquiry and constructivism has shown to increase student involvement, comprehension, and retention when done effectively (Aydeniz, 2012, pg.201). For this reason it is imperative for science educators to include, if not practice regularly; inquiry based learning in their lessons. However, this is not an approach many teachers feel comfortable implementing for various reasons. The purpose of this review is to focus on research studies that have provided professional development on inquiry based learning to pre-service and in-service teachers in the hopes of improving their views of inquiry while encouraging and supporting them in practicing this methodology. The studies used are from multiple countries and school level ranges from kindergarten to high school. Since this area of research is increasing in its popularity the articles used are fairly recent, ranging from 2008 to 2014. This review will not cover differences in teachers opinion based on race, religion, demographic background or gender. The review is also not meant to...
Words: 2318 - Pages: 10
...The human eye is an incredibly complex organ, it acts like a camera to collect and focus light and changes this light into an electrical signals that the brain then reads to form images. Instead of using film, the eye has specialized components such as the retina that detects light and process it using many types of neurons. The eye is so complex that its origin has long been a hot topic of debate and is often used to defend a creationist point of view, they say the eye is too complex to have evolved instead it must has been designed. The eye is a system that cannot function in the absence of any of its components. Even Charles Darwin remarked in the origin of species that ‘it might seem absurd to think the eye formed by natural selection’. (Fernald. R.) He did however firmly believe that the eye did evolve in this way, despite the only the small amount of evidence at that time. This evidence is hard to come by since soft-tissue structures like the eye rarely ever fossilize. However the scientific community has made recent advancements in tracking the origin of the eye by studying the formation of eyes in developing embryos and comparing these different structures and genes across many species to construct when and where key traits arose. The study indicates that ‘the human eye took shape in less than 100 million years, evolving from a simple light senor to sophisticated optical organ.’ (Lamb. T) Humans have an unbroken linage going back for 4 billion years. Almost a billion...
Words: 5691 - Pages: 23
................................................................................. 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 Economic Concept ..................................................................................................... 4 Economic Analysis ..................................................................................................... 5 Demand and Supply ............................................................................................... 5 Elasticity ................................................................................................................. 8 Efficiency and Equity ............................................................................................. 10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 12 References ............................................................................................................... 13 1 Executive Summary The objective of this paper is to offer an in-depth analysis the economic situation of the newspaper publishing industry in Australia within the microeconomic scope. The paper analyses transformations of the industry brought by digitisation and the fast paced technology development. It discusses how digitisation and technology affects the demand and supply of printed newspapers. It also looks at the...
Words: 3149 - Pages: 13
...comes to the acceptance of superhuman powers in the form of God or gods. On the other hand theology is the study of God thought. This is especially true of Christianity. In short it can be said that theology works on religion. Theology is in fact based on religion. It is a system of studying about God especially Christian religion. Religion does not deal with any sort of rational analysis. On the other hand theology deals with the rational analysis of a religious faith. However there is no way we can separate the two. Theology is not science. Science is not theology. They are simply two different things. They are not even two similar kinds of things. Science is the pursuit of what you can know. Theology is the pursuit of what you, by definition, cannot know. Science can tell you how things in the world work and that can lead to technology: how to manipulate things to achieve a desired result. Theology cannot tell you how God works, nor can you ever manipulate God to achieve a desired result. Science deals with the study of nature, its forces, processes and development. It is based on the analysis of evidence. It assumes, as a working hypothesis, that processes and events happen due to natural causes, not through divine intervention. It rarely intrudes in matters of morality, the existence and nature of deity, spirituality, etc. Religion deal with matters of faith. Its main basis is often revelation from a deity -orally transmitted from generation to generation, recorded in...
Words: 991 - Pages: 4
...Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education How Does Packaging Influence Consumer Behavior? A Multidisciplinary Bibliometric Study Kelly Carvalho Vieira1, Valderí Castro Alcantara1, JoséWiller do Prado1, Cintia Loos Pinto2 & Daniel de Carvalho de Rezende3 1 Programa de Pó s-Graduaç o em Administraç o da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil ã ã 2 Institute of Humanities Sciences-Florestal, UFV/CAF-Universidade Federal de Viç osa, Campus Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3 Departamento de Administraç o e Economia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil ã Correspondence: Valderíde Castro Alcantara, Programa de Pó s-Graduaç o em Administraç o da Universidade ã ã Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil. E-mail: valderi.alcantara@posgrad.ufla.br Received: February 3, 2015 Accepted: March 5, 2015 Online Published: April 25, 2015 doi:10.5539/ibr.v8n5p66 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n5p66 Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the academic literature focusing on how product packaging influences consumer behavior through the use of a bibliometric study. To accomplish this, we analyzed 111 articles, published from 1982 to 2014, indexed in the Web of Science database maintained by Thomson Reuters (formerly the ISI Web of Knowledge). For the analysis, we used descriptive statistics, bibliometric analyses, and networks to explore characteristics of the articles that related to their authors...
Words: 8741 - Pages: 35
...Philosophy of Science In his article about "Bad management theories are destroying good management practices", Sumantra Ghoshal gives a considerable number of examples to explain what he sees as bad management practices that ruin the management world of today. He criticises the way companies have behaved in the past (see Enron, Tyco etc.) and points out different causes such as faulty pedagogy, the false pretence of knowledge and the methodology used to describe existing theories on social sciences but also the narrow environment in which new management models could be constructed. In the year 2010 The Economist published a response to Sumatra's article, suggesting that other ways of conducting experiments in the field of management are being tested, mainly through the use of more discrete factors (such as an individual's DNA structure and hormone panels) and through more practical methods (the twin-studies). In Dr Cosmides and Dr Tooby research they attempt to give "scientific" meaning to management by "applying the rigor of biology" ('The biology of business' p. 1). Scientists have looked at twin-studies for answers regarding the difference between upbringing and pure genetic material. After discovery of deception from one of the fields pioneers, Sir Cyril Burt, the twin-studies have lost part of their popularity. Needless to say that the differences between twins and normal brothers are still an interesting approach and can still yield verisimilar results if preformed correctly...
Words: 826 - Pages: 4
...This article was downloaded by: [Management and Science University] On: 15 August 2014, At: 14:09 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Interactive Learning Environments Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nile20 Interactive learning environments and games Joe Psotka a a Co-Editor Published online: 12 Jul 2012. To cite this article: Joe Psotka (2012) Interactive learning environments and games, Interactive Learning Environments, 20:4, 309-310, DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2012.689685 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2012.689685 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims,...
Words: 1203 - Pages: 5
...CBE—Life Sciences Education Vol. 10, 368–378, Winter 2011 Article The C.R.E.A.T.E. Approach to Primary Literature Shifts Undergraduates’ Self-Assessed Ability to Read and Analyze Journal Articles, Attitudes about Science, and Epistemological Beliefs Sally G. Hoskins,* David Lopatto,† and Leslie M. Stevens‡ *Department of Biology and The Graduate Center, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031; † Department of Psychology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112; ‡ Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 Submitted March 18, 2011; Revised June 9, 2011; Accepted July 5, 2011 Monitoring Editor: Diane K. O’Dowd The C.R.E.A.T.E. (Consider, Read, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze and interpret data, Think of the next Experiment) method uses intensive analysis of primary literature in the undergraduate classroom to demystify and humanize science. We have reported previously that the method improves students’ critical thinking and content integration abilities, while at the same time enhancing their self-reported understanding of “who does science, and why.” We report here the results of an assessment that addressed C.R.E.A.T.E. students’ attitudes about the nature of science, beliefs about learning, and confidence in their ability to read, analyze, and explain research articles. Using a Likert-style survey administered pre- and postcourse, we found significant changes in students’ confidence...
Words: 2090 - Pages: 9
...Journal of Information Technology (2005) 20, 67–87 & 2005 JIT Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. All rights reserved 0268-3962/05 $30.00 palgrave-journals.com/jit Research article A critical analysis of decision support systems research David Arnott1, Graham Pervan2 1 2 Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia Correspondence: G Pervan, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. Tel: þ 618-92667390; Fax: þ 618-92663076; E-mail: pervang@cbs.curtin.edu.au Abstract This paper critically analyses the nature and state of decision support systems (DSS) research. To provide context for the analysis, a history of DSS is presented which focuses on the evolution of a number of sub-groupings of research and practice: personal DSS, group support systems, negotiation support systems, intelligent DSS, knowledge management-based DSS, executive information systems/business intelligence, and data warehousing. To understand the state of DSS research an empirical investigation of published DSS research is presented. This investigation is based on the detailed analysis of 1,020 DSS articles published in 14 major journals from 1990 to 2003. The analysis found that DSS publication has been falling steadily since its peak in 1994 and the current publication rate is at early 1990s levels. Other findings include that personal DSS and group support systems dominate research activity and data warehousing is the least published type of DSS...
Words: 15413 - Pages: 62
...business. At an early Dr Kotler was seen to be someone who enjoyed reading. Dr Kotler is married to Nancy with three children. [pic] [pic] 2. Professional Background Kotler earned his Masters degree in economics from University of Chicago and his PhD at M.I.T both in economics. He also did his postdoctoral work in mathematics at the Harvard University and behavioural science at the University of Chicago. In 1962 he joined the Northwestern University which was later named as Kellogg School of Management. He has since been known as the distinguished S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. In business he has consultated and researched for IBM, American Bank, General Electrical and Honeywell. 3. Author: As an author he authored and co-authored 47 books by 2007. Amongst those books is the famous Marketing Management book which was released in 1967 which has since been recognised as the marketing bible, which has been translated into 18 languages. (See Appendix 1) 4. Articles: Dr Kotler has published many articles and he has also received many awards. Of note was that he was the first recipient of the American Marketing Association’s (AMA) distinguished marketing educator award (1985). (See Appendix 2). 5. Kotlers body of work as an academic in marketing:...
Words: 2174 - Pages: 9
...Bisht et al. Globalization and Health 2012, 8:32 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/8/1/32 REVIEW Open Access Understanding India, globalisation and health care systems: a mapping of research in the social sciences Ramila Bisht1*, Emma Pitchforth2 and Susan F Murray3 Abstract National and transnational health care systems are rapidly evolving with current processes of globalisation. What is the contribution of the social sciences to an understanding of this field? A structured scoping exercise was conducted to identify relevant literature using the lens of India – a ‘rising power’ with a rapidly expanding healthcare economy. A five step search and analysis method was employed in order to capture as wide a range of material as possible. Documents published in English that met criteria for a social science contribution were included for review. Via electronic bibliographic databases, websites and hand searches conducted in India, 113 relevant articles, books and reports were identified. These were classified according to topic area, publication date, disciplinary perspective, genre, and theoretical and methodological approaches. Topic areas were identified initially through an inductive approach, then rationalised into seven broad themes. Transnational consumption of health services; the transnational healthcare workforce; the production, consumption and trade in specific health-related commodities, and transnational diffusion of ideas and knowledge...
Words: 11974 - Pages: 48
