...China’s Scientific & Technological Actions on Climate Change Jointly Issued by Ministry of Science and Technology National Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture State Environmental Protection Administration State Forestry Administration Chinese Academy of Sciences China Meteorology Administration National Natural Science Foundation State Oceanic Administration China Association for Science and Technology June, 2007 Contents I. Current Status of Climate Change and Urgent Demands for S&T............................................... 1 1. Climate change is an increasingly prominent issue that brings about profound impacts on human societies ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. An appropriate response to climate change would be very much related to China’s economic and social development ............................................................................................ 1 3. Addressing climate change calls for urgent S&T activities .................................................. 1 II. China’s S&T Achievements in Climate Change ......................................................................... 2 1. Scientific research and technological development .............................................................. 2 2. Infrastructure buildup for Scientific...
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...Bio Vocab 1. ecology - noun the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment; the environment as it relates to living organisms 2. biosphere - noun the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist 3. species - noun a specific kind of something; (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed 4. population - noun the act of populating (causing to live in a place); (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area; the people who inhabit a territory or state; the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.) 5. community - noun (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other; a group of people living in a particular local area; a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; a group of nations having common interests; common ownership; agreement as to goals; the body of people in a learned occupation; a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences 6. ecosystem - noun a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 7. biome - noun a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate 8. autotroph...
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...warming includes many sciences in order to examine what causes global warming and try to find possible solutions to reduce the impact of our civilization on the planet. An interdisciplinary research in this field is important, because global warming is caused by many factors and has an impact on different spheres of our life. For example, climate science is aimed to investigate the changes caused by global warming. Geology examines the impact of human activities on climate. Economic science helps to understand economic benefits and material losses caused by severe weather conditions taking into account results obtained by climate science and Geology. Economic science inquiries into and develops measures to reduce negative impact of economic activity on climate and global warming. Taking into account the information mentioned above, it is evident that an interdisciplinary research is crucial, because one scientist is unable to solve the problem of global warming without any sort of collaborative effort with other disciplines. Natural disasters such: hurricanes and tornados are the result of global warming. In Recent years, hurricanes have become a great problem for many coastal villages and towns around the world. Scientists say that hurricanes are cause by heated water and variations of sea level. For example, according to Avery: “The computerized global climate models predict we’ll get more and bigger storms as the planet warms”, which results in severe weather conditions. Avery...
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...Natalie Harshaw Mr. Royce Science Period 4 March 14th 2013 Reflection Essay During this unit I have learned a profuse amount of information about the earth we live on. Before this semester, I had not known even half of what I learned and I really enjoyed being educated on this subject. This semester was by far more entertaining and easier to follow than the last. What I learned over this course was the carbon and nitrogen cycle. I had barely even known what these were up until a few weeks ago. I learned how they repeated themselves and how we affect the environment we live in. I learned about global climate change. How we are adding an extreme amount of CO2 in the air with our combustion and burning of trees. The affects of global climate change, not global warming. All around us our climate is changing and a big part of that is the way we willingly let harmful substances in to our atmosphere. I learned about clouds, there shapes and forms. I learned about the 4 seasons. I know now how the earth is tilted to create new periods of weather change. One of the most helpful ways, for me was the coloring sheets. It sounds silly, but I really needed the visual of the carbon and nitrogen cycle to fully understand the topic. same with the model of the sun and the earth. That was incredibly useful to me because I could actually see with my own eyes what was happening. As for all the reading and worksheets, I can honestly say they do not help me much. I think...
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...Intercontinental University Unit 1 Individual Project BUSN 300 – Lower Division Capstone 1/7/2012 Global Warming Outline 1. What is the theory of global warming? 2. Theory of man-made global warming is credible a. Evidence b. Causes c. Effects of global warming 3. Theory of man-made global warming is not credible Global Warming Global warming is a hotly debated theory that states that there is an increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature (Global Warming). The tedious bickering over if global warming is occurring has stopped with science showing that average temperatures have risen. The argument has now shifted to whether humans are contributing to the warming. Also at debate is whether or not global warming is causing Earth’s climate to change. Both sides of the debate attempt to use science and logic to support their viewpoints. Proponents to the belief that humans are causing global warming attribute the earth’s temperature rise to emissions/pollutants that collect in the atmosphere, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up (Global Warming Basics). .The science behind global warming is simple. Global temperatures have shown a temperature increase over the last 100 years, with a very steep increase in the last three decades. Likewise, NASA has shown the average United States temperatures have increased steadily over the same time period. Other scientists and science organization, from around the...
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...LASA 2: Monitoring Our Home Planet Module 5: Assignment 1 Alessandro Ramirez-Maldonado Argosy University Remote sensing was first used in the U.S. in the 1950s by Ms. Evelyn Pruitt of the U.S. Office of Naval Research, is now commonly used to describe the science—and art—of identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it. It involves the detection and measurement of radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted from distant objects or materials, by which they may be identified and categorized by class/type, substance, and spatial distributions. There are various types of satellites being used for earth observation. It varies from the area that is being seen to the frequency of observations. One type used in disaster management would be polar-orbiting satellites that aviate in low-set ambit, but provide high spatial resolution. Infrared sensors would pick up floods, thermal sensors would spot the fires that are active, and microwave sensors are used to measure earth’s deformations before and during earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. The major disaster in the developing world would be the drought in Africa. This kind of disaster along with many others starts slowly and may be predicted in advance. “The cause of droughts in the U.S. is the disposition winds from the west. A ridge which is caused by a jet stream making a big northern bend going over the central part of the woodlands with lesser meridional curves on...
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...environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species.[1] The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished by components: * Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive civilized human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries * Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from civilized human activity The natural environment is contrasted with the built environment, which comprises the areas and components that are strongly influenced by humans belonging to a civilized (i.e. hierarchically structured, agricultural, densely populated, complexly systematized) society. A geographical area is regarded as a natural environment. It is difficult to find absolutely natural environments, and it is common that the naturalness varies in a continuum, from ideally 100% natural in one extreme to 0% natural in the other. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their...
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...Resource Depletion and Peak Oil Peak oil and resource depletion are two very real issues that our world is facing. These issues are controversial topics and this report is going to critically analyse these concerns. Firstly, we will look at what the peak oil and climate change theories are and then discuss the on-going debate from opposing sides of the arguments for and against the peak oil theory. We will examine how these two issues are intertwined and identify the key consequences facing society. Then the current evidence that is proof of the early stages of both issues. The second part of this report will be based on a post peak oil paradigm and how the effects of peak oil, climate change and economic contraction will have on the direct investment in low density suburban property market. Firstly we will look at the concept of peak oil. The peak oil theory arose in 1956, when M. King Hubbert addressed the United States Oil Convention. His theory observed the production rates of individual oil reserves and how the production rate would increase at an exponential growth, reach a point and then decline rapidly, producing a bell shaped curve, now referred to as Hubbert’s curve. His prediction was that the United States oil reserves will reach its peak in 1970, and then decline rapidly as the demand increased and then become totally depleted. His theory was met with ridicule, however in the 1970’s the US reached its peak of 10 million barrels per day, and has been in decline...
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...from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. The formation of acid rain result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes , and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxde and resulting from fossil fuel combustion. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released from power plants and other sources, the wind blows these compounds across the enviroment. There are two forms of deposition: wet deposition and dry deposition. Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. If the acid chemicals in the air are blown into areas where the weather is wet, the acids can fall to the ground in the form of rain, snow,fog, or mist. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. The strength of the...
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...IMD-1-0303 INTERNATIONAL 31.03.2011 ALLIANZ: FEELING THE HEAT OF UNCERTAINTY (A) IMD Research Associate Tania Braga prepared the revision of the case under the supervision of Aileen IonescuSomers, Director of the Forum for Corporate Sustainability Management at IMD and Professor Arturo Bris, as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a business situation. The original case “Feeling the Heat: Allianz and WWF pushing an industry towards climate change action” by Tania Braga, Aileen IonescuSomers and Professor Corey Billington won the Finance and Banking Award in the 2009 EFMD Case Writing Competition organized by the European Foundation for Management Development . MUNICH, GERMANY: AUGUST, 21 2007. Joachim Faber, CEO of Allianz Global Investors and member of the Allianz SE Management Board, reviewed the proposed terms for a threeyear agreement with WWF, the global NGO. He was eager to engage in this visionary initiative, aiming at pushing the financial industry action on climate change to the next level. To his knowledge, this was the first ever collaboration between an NGO and a financial services company with such a level of ambition. Looking back, he could see that Allianz had already consolidated its position as thought leader on the climate change arena and effectively contributed to raise awareness among major players of the financial industry. However, he felt that moving from thought leadership to action...
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...major Christian religion will be implemented in the venture (Koo, n.d.). Education and demographics are important to a global business venture, though I believe the economy is most important. I present information about South Korea’s economy, and how it has transformed from an aid recipient to a donor country (Globalization, n.d.). Here is where I mention the chaebol’s success, which accounted for 55.7% of South Koreas GDP in 2010 (Globalization, n.d.) Not only will I show the success of the economy, I will also describe the failing housing market (Seoul Reflects South Korea Housing Trouble, 2013). To take Western Plaza Inc. into South Korea, I had to first research the weather patterns. I saw potential problems only in the spring, when hazardous yellow sand/dust blows into Korea from China (Korean Weather, n.d.)....
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...Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human activities. Climate model projections summarized in AR5 indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations. Future climate change and associated impacts will be different from region to region around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well as a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields...
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...FACULTV OF AGRICULTURE B. AGRICULTURE 100 Level First Semester 1. Communication in English I 2. Logic Philosophy & Human Existence 3. Physical Chemistry 4. General Biology I (Botany/Zoology) 5. Practical Biology 6. General Physics 7. Mathematics 8. Organic Chemistry I 9. Practical Chemistry Sub-Total Second Semester 10. Communication in English II 11. Nigerian People and Culture 12. Social Sciences 13. Organic Chemistry 14. Biology II 15. Organic Chemistry II 16. Mathematics 17. Practical Physics 18. Use of Library Sub-Total 200 Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 18 Credits Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 17 Credits Level 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. First Semester Climatology and Biogeography General Agriculture Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals Crop Anatomy, Taxonomy and Physiology Principles of Soil Science Principles of Agricultural Economics Introduction to Forestry Resource Manag~ment Introduction to Biotechnology Sub-Total 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Second Semester Principles of Animal Production Principles of Crop Production Principles of Food Science and Technology Introductory Biochemistry Introduction to Computers Introduction to Fisheries & Wildlife Introductory Statistics Entrepreneurial Studies I Introduction to Home Economics Sub-Total Credits 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 18 Credits Credits 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 19 Credits Total = 37 Credits All courses are core-courses for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 300 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Level...
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...DEFINITION FROM WIKI (understand and write it yourself) In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbanceby resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitudeor duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates.Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources,pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental management which aims to build ecological resilience through "resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance". The concept of resilience in ecological systems was first introduced by the Canadian ecologist C.S. Holling in order to describe the persistence of natural systems in the face of changes in ecosystem variables...
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...1. Theme – Understanding the environment of Mars Abstract Recent success of 'Mangalyan' (Mars Orbitor Mission) has made all of us proud of our scientists and engineers. The study of Mars' environment will help us in understanding more about our own environment. This text gives inputs on environment of Mars which can be correlated to the concepts learned by the students in class IX Science. The students are not supposed to memorize the facts and figures mentioned in the text, rather study the facts and figures with the above objectives in mind. Fig. 1: Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft getting in to Large Space Simulation Chamber for Testing Mars Orbiter Mission (M.O.M) Mars tugs at the human imagination like no other planet. The conditions in Mars are believed to be hospitable since the planet is similar to earth in many ways. Mars and Earth have almost equal period of revolution around the axis. Mars takes 24 hours and 37 minutes to complete equal period of revolution around the axis. While Earth takes approximately 365 days to orbit round the Sun, Mars takes 687 days for an orbit around the Sun. The gravity of Mars is roughly one-third to Earth’s gravity and it has a thin atmosphere with a pressure of 1% that of Earth. The atmosphere, water, ice and geology interact with each other to produce dynamic Martian environment as in Earth. Mars has surface features reminiscent of both the impact craters of the Moon, volcanoes, deserts and 1 polar ice of Earth. It inspires...
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