Aratilis (Muntingiacalabura) Leaves Extract as Anti-BacterialLiquidHand Soap

Ellen May G. Adenic

Iloilo City National High School

March 2016

Problem
The study intends to find out the Effectiveness of Aratilis Leaves as Liquid Anti-Bacterial Hand Soap. Specifically, the study would like to answer the following questions: 1. Can I make hand soap from Aratilis leaves extract? 2. Is there a significant difference between Aratilis leaves and commercial product soap?

Hypothesis
Null Hypotheses 1. There is no significant study that aratilis leaves extract can be effective as anti-bacterial liquid hand soap. 2. There is no significant difference between Aratilis leaves and commercial product soap anti-bacterial property.
Alternative Hypotheses 1. There is a significant study that aratilis leaves extract is effective as anti-bacterial liquid hand soap. 2. There is a significant difference between Aratilis leaves and commercial product soap anti-bacterial property.

Introduction
There are many Aratilis Tree planted all around us but not known as anti-bacterial agent, so the researcher has decided to make the aratilis leaves as anti-bacterial liquid hand soap.Aratilis tree is well known in our country, for many people have been planted it in some places whether the soil is healthy or not, it still grow as an ordinary tree. People thought that the only use of tree is to bear fruits to be eaten... but this tree is also extra-ordinary for it has many uses that some people yet don’t know, like its leaves that can be also use as anti-bacterial agent.It is a small tree 7-12 meters tall with tiered and slightly drooping branches. It has serrated leaves 2.5-15 cm long and 1-6.5 cm wide. The flowers are small, white and slightly malodorous. It gives rise to 1-1.5 cm light red fruit. The fruit is edible, sweet and juicy, and contains a large number of tiny (0.5 mm) yellow seeds.

Plant-based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source of medicines and further exploration of plant antimicrobials needs to occur. Antimicrobials of plant origin have enormous therapeutic potential. They are effective untreatment of infectious disease while simultaneously mitigating many of the side effects that are often associated with synthetic antimicrobials. Aratilis leaves extracts has heart protective properties, anti-inflammatory properties, cytotoxic flavanoids for anti-cancer properties that can help us fight some bacteria in our body. Also its leaves possess anti-nociceptive that reduces sensitivity to the pain in our wounds.

Aratilis leaves is an anti-bacterial agent that can help us prevent from bacteria creating diseases, so the researcher take an action in investigating the effectiveness of aratilis leaves as anti-bacterial hand soap.Also, the other parts of Aratilis tree is very useful like its flowers are antispasmodic, decoction of flowers use for abdominal cramps, used as antiseptic and to treat spasms- the availability of aratilis leaves in our surroundings is not a problem, for it is planted anywhere like your backyards or in some places.

This study is done to provide peoplewith an inexpensive, naturaland safe anti-inflammatory agent. Muntingiacalabura (Elaecoparceae) is amedicinalplant traditionally used particularly, by the Peruvian people to alleviate headache and cold, pain associated with gastric ulcers or to reduce the prostate gland swelling. Following the recent establishment of antinociception involved.Muntingiacalabura, the sole species in the genus Muntingia, has been widely used as a traditionally medication in the Southeast Asia and tropical America to treat headaches and gastric ulcer, and as an emmenogogue, antidyspeptic,antispasmodic,diaphoretic, tranquillizer and tonic. Scientifically, various medicinal properties have been reported, including anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-nociceptive, anti-proliferative and antioxidant, antihypertensive and antiulcer activities.

Significance of the Study The study will be significant to community, for we are washing our hands every time we are going to eat or every time we cleanse our hand from dirt. When proven effective, we will be able to make our own anti-bacterial liquid hand soap from the aratilis leaves. For economy and education system, if proven they can make use of this study as one of their products in selling soaps or as experimental variable. To the society, the study will be beneficial as they will gain knowledge as well in making their own anti-bacterial liquid hand soap. Also, it is very convenient to all of us for in using the Anti-bacterial liquid hand soap we can practice proper hygiene... for example when eating, washing our hands with anti-bacterial liquid hand soap is a must because, many bacteria are already there when you’ve done some activities.

Scope and Limitations The scope and limitations of the study was set as stated below:
To test the effectiveness of aratilis leaves as anti-bacterial hand soap on the following aspect: * How many leaves does it need to be extracted? * How many respondents does it need to show the results?
Majority of the study might take place within laboratory of:
M.H Del Pilar St. Molo, Iloilo City National High School campus – laboratory
The researcher has no laboratory room to be experimented with, so it was decided that the experiment will be conducted in safe and clean place.
Review of Related Studies & Literature
Another study claimed that aratilis leaves possess antinociceptive (reducing sensitivity to pain), anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antipruritic properties, justifying the folkloric medicinal use.In traditional medicine, its leaves can be used as an antiseptic, antipruritic and to treat abdominal cramps.

The timber from what is also known as the Jamaican cherry, is reddish-brown. It is compact, durable and lightweight and can be used for carpentry. It could also be used as firewood. The bark can be used to produce ropes and fiber for bark skirts. Due to its ability to grow in poor soil and its effective propagation by means of bats and birds, it could be used for reforestation projects.

It is a small tree 7–12 metres tall with tiered and slightly drooping branches. It has serrated leaves 2.5–15 cm long and 1–6.5 cm wide. The flowers are small, white and slightly malodorous. It gives rise to 1–1.5 cm light red fruit. The fruit is edible, sweet and juicy, and contains a large number of tiny (0.5 mm) yellow seeds.

It is a pioneer species that thrives in poor soil, able to tolerate acidic and alkaline conditions and drought. Its seeds are dispersed by birds and fruit bats. It is cultivated for its edible fruit, and has become naturalised in some other parts of the tropics, including southeastern Asia. As a pioneer plant, it could help condition the soil and make it habitable to other plants. However, it might also be considered as an invasive species since it might out-compete indigenous plants.
Do you know what health benefits Aratilis carried?
1. Fights bacteria. It has anti-bacterial properties that can be compared to standard antibiotics, according to one study. It also seems to have a stronger polar antibacterial compound.
2. It has flavone contents.
3. It has anti-inflammatory properties.
4. It has cytotoxic flavonoids for anti-cancer properties, including the leaves and stems.
5. The leaf extract has heart protective properties.
6. The fruit has antioxidants, like flavonoids.

In addition, the Aratilis tree bark can be made into a rope and the trunk provides durable lumber. It's definitely among herbs and plants in the Philippine and Asia that give lots of benefits.
In Mexico, the fruits are eaten and sold in markets. The fruits can be processed into jams and the leaves can be used for making tea.

In Brazil, the trees are planted along river banks. The fruits falling from the tree attract fish that are then caught. In the Philippines and Indonesia, the fruits are usually eaten mostly by children, although they are not sold in the markets. The skin is slightly tough and often discarded by children. In traditional medicine, its leaves can be used as an antiseptic or antipruritic and to treat abdominal cramps. The timber from what is also known as the Jamaican cherry, is reddish-brown. It is compact, durable, and lightweight and can be used for carpentry. It could also be used as firewood. The bark can be used to produce ropes and fiber for bark skirts. Due to its ability to grow in poor soil and its effective propagation by means of bats and birds, it could be used for reforestation projects. Another study claimed that aratilis leaves possess antinociceptive (reducing sensitivity to pain), anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antipruritic properties, justifying the folkloric medicinal use.
Antioxidants: Red, blue or black fruits are rich in antioxidants, particularly resveratrol or anthocyanin. Both antioxidants powerfully boost the immune system and body cell health, protect the body from infection, and can reverse the effects of harmful free radicals in the body. This with its cytotoxic flavonoids inhibits cancer cell growth. Antioxidants also have an anti-aging effect on the body.
Vitamins and Minerals: Aratilis fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin A and C, and the minerals zinc and selenium, which are essential immune-boosters. It also contains trace amounts of calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. Beneficial Properties: Like all berries aratilis has fat-burning and cleansing effects on the body which help in weight loss. It also has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. It has flavanone content, a biochemical substance from plants which is good for the heart and known to inhibit tumor cells from growing. It also contains cytotoxic flavonoids which also prevents cancer, so look out for this free and healthy treat that is so common in all part of the country.

Aratilis, with scientific name Muntingiacalabura, has white flowers and sweet red berries about 1 cm in diameter. It is called “aratilis” in Tagalog, “datiles” in the Bicol Region and “manzanitas” or “cereza” in the Ilocos Region. Internationally, the aratilis is known as Jamaican Cherry or Panama Berry. In Spanish, it is called “yamanza” or “memizo”, Indonesian call it “kersen”, while in Vietnam it is “trungca”.
When red and ripe, this berry emits a sweet scent that insects love and has a soft smooth skin that easily bursts and oozes with sweet light greenish sap. The tree commonly grows in rural and urban areas in the Philippines, being low-maintenance and adaptable to any terrain, can grow of up to 25 feet to 40 feet high.
In the Philippines, the trees are commonly visited by different species of birds. It also attracts bats and nocturnal animals that feast on the sweet juice of the fruit. These aides for the fast widespread propagation of the muntingia in the Philippine forests which sometimes overpopulate an area in just a couple of years. With just enough sun and water, it grows with little or no care. This is apparent in the island of Maldives, where Muntingia, locally known as jeymu grows without any care in very salty sand. The Malaysian common name cerikampung means "village cherry". In Malaysia the muntingia tree is found in many urban areas lining the sides of streets in front of rows of houses. There, the Muntingia produces great quantities of fruit.

Research Design andMethodology
Materials needed in conducting the study are the following: MATERIALS | UNIT (ml) | USES | Sodium Lauryl Sulfate(SLES) | 55 | Main Ingredient (Gel) | Sodium Chloride | 65 | Filler (Salt) | Distilled Water | 800 | Hot n’ Cooled water | CocomideDiethanolamineAcid (CDEA) | 22 | (Bubbles) | Sodium Tripolyphospate (STPP) | 5 | (Preservative Neutralizer) | Sodium Benzoate | 15 | (Water Neutralizer) | Dye | 20 | (Coloring) | Aratilis Leaves Extract | 50g | (Anti bacterial) | LinearAlkylbenzene (LABS) | 8 | (Oil Detergent) | Scent | 3 | (Fragrance) |

Procedure A. Preperation B. Extraction
In extracting the Aratilis leaves get a cheese cloth, put the 70grams of aratilis leaves on the cheese cloth. In extracting the materials should be clean and safe to use wherein the extract will be put. C. The Making
Then follow steps below. (Stirall ingredients continuously in 45 minutes)
1. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLES) 55 ml and Sodium Chloride 65 ml as the first mixture
2. Distilled Water 800ml (Put the hot water first then put the cool water)2nd Mixture
3.CocomideDiethanolamine Acid 22ml (CDEA)as the 3rdMixture
4. Sodium Benzoate and Sodium Tripolyphospate (STPP) 15mlas the 4th Mixture
5. Dye(yellow) 20ml *Mix it with the others* as the 5th mixture
6. Aratilis leaves 50ml extract as the 6th mixture
7. LinearAlkylbenzene (LABS) 8ml as the 7th mixture
8. Scent (lemon) 3ml as the last mixture. D. Application
In applying the antibacterial liquid hand soap, wash your hands 2 times a day using the aratilis extract product liquid hand soap. E. Observations
The observations in the researcher’sproduct that in the first trial it is not really successful becausethewater that the researcher had included is too much that causes the product not to thicken/concentrated like other liquid soap.

First Trial
On the first trial,the ratio for hot and cold water is not also balanced; due to that case the liquid hand soap did not condense properly. The Na Chloride or the iodized salt did not melt quickly that cause the liquid soap to make some bubbles.
Therefore the researcher’s conclusion is to secure first the amount or the ratio of hot and cold water poured in the mixing bowl. Then the mixing of mixture should be constant and continuous. Also, place where to be conducted this study should be clean and safe including the materials.
Rubric Ratings: 5 | The product is effective and removes bacteria in your hands, fragrant, and produces more bubbles. | 4 | The product is effective and removes bacteria in your hands and fragrant | 3 | The product is effective and it removes bacteria in your hands | 2 | The product slightly removes bacteria in your hands | 1 | No characteristics of being liquid soap at all |

Results: Name | 1st trial | 2nd trial | 3rd | Yasmin | 2 | | | Elena | 1 | | | John | 1 | | | Zeenat | 2 | | | Nene | 2 | | | Rainier | 2 | | | Marian | 2 | | |

Bibliography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntingia http://philasianherbs.blogspot.com/2014/04/aratilis.html http://www.stuartxchange.org/Aratiles.html http://www.bubblews.com/posts/aratiles-herbal-medecine http://tastylandscape.com/2013/04/26/aratiles-tree-cultivating-the-cotton-candy-flavored- http://herba-linch.hubpages.com/hub/Aratilis-Muntingia-the-Strawberry-Tree http://philasianherbs.blogspot.com/2014/04/aratilis.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntingia http://www.stuartxchange.org/Aratiles.html http://www.bar.gov.ph/digest-home/digest-archives/368-2012-4th-quarter/4937-octdec2012-aratilis

Recommendations The researcher recommends that this study about Aratilis leaves extract as antibacterial liquid hand soap, can serve as the base or guide of other researchers in conducting their study in relation to the researcher’s study.
Moreover the researcher also recommends to use aratilis leaves not only as antibacterial agent but in addition other properties of aratilis leaves is need to be investigate and studied as well, to find out what are the other helpful benefits of its properties in our society.