Science of Eugenics
Eugenics is the science concerned with the proposed movement of the human traits. It aims at improving the inborn qualities of a race. The principle of eugenics was characterized by a strong belief in the power of hereditary .Early eugenics movements were founded in Germany, Britain and the USA. In the early twentieth century, eugenics became more popular when it was commonly practiced around the globe. Its programmes and policies that countries enacted included segregation, birth control, genetic screening and marriage restrictions. These policies aimed at encouraging reproduction among the genetically advantaged and negative elimination through sterilization.
Eugenics policies were first implemented in the early 1900 in the United States. It has roots in France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States. The scientific standing eugenics started to decay when Ernst Rudin used eugenics as a validation for the racial policies of Nazi Germany. In Germany, the zeitgeist German spirit of a time was commonly used. Zeitgeist was expressed through means such as in culture or in philosophy where its argument was that if Darwin had not existed, his theory of evolution would still have been in print.
Francis Galton, a British philosopher, coined the term eugenics in 1883 and gave a detailed meaning that eugenics is all influences that are likely to give more suitable races a better probability of surviving over the less suitable. After reading Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species, Galton decided to build upon Darwin’s ideas. According to Darwin, every species is fertile enough that if all offsprings survived to reproduce, the population would grow. Resources such as food were also limited. Darwin also noted that individuals in a population vary from one another and much of this variation is hereditary. Herbert Spencer, who is commonly known as the father of social Darwinism described the mechanism of natural selection. He developed the survival for the fittest mechanism whereby members of a species most fitted to the environment in which they survive have a better chance of reproduction and passing on their genes. Through this, only the strong individuals in a population have the ability to survive. Spencer is however accused of fallacy to Darwin’s theory.
Galton, who is recognized as the father of intellectual measurement, was zealous about measurement and he came up with many methods that gave an important underpinning in the global eugenics movements. He believed that the advantaged should consider it their responsibility to breed in instincts that are dignified, vigorous and social (Galton, 2012). He believed that many characteristics of the human nature including intelligence could be deliberated scientifically. He developed techniques that made it possible to test human species and then grade them in terms of their intellectual power. Intelligence test was the management that eugenics would use to inhibit European stock from diminishing while at the same time generating a superior breed of intellectual individuals who could rule over the less intelligent. Immigrants into America were given the IQ test in an effort to grade their astuteness. They could barely read the English written in this test, and this boosted the racists’ collaboration for sterilization and eugenics.
Eugenics faced critism for having negative impacts such as loss of genetic diversity. By encouraging only the strong to reproduce, there is risk of losing the genetic variety. Eugenics also leads to unethical measures and discrimination where the weak are sterilized. Anti- Darwinians blame Darwin’s theory to be responsible for the modern wickedness as they were expressed by the eugenics movement and finally exemplified in the Nazi genocide.

Reference
Galton, F. (2012). Hereditary Genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences. London and New York, NY: Macmillan.