...International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 3, March -2012 ISSN 2229-5518 1 A Distributed Transaction Model for a Multidatabase Management System Omar Baakeel and Abdulaziz Alrashidi Abstract— This paper examines the distributed transaction issues that are present in multi-database management systems (DBMSs) and how the distributed transaction in database technology differs from other distributed processing systems. Some common issues that arise with the distribution of transactions over a multi-DBMS while dealing with concurrency control and recovery are highlighted, such as site failure, network failure, and time failure. This study proposes an exceptional distributed transaction model for processing transaction queries in multi-DBMS based on the idea that a complete database can be constructed at any stage. Index Terms— Database management system (DBMS), distributed transaction, transaction management, transaction network —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION ENERALLY, a distributed transaction is defined as a transaction that updates data on two or more networked computer systems. Different conceptual structures for processing transaction elements are required to meet certain needs of applications that must update distributed data in terms of peer to peer connection. Developing a transaction model is difficult because most of these techniques are customized for a single transaction point, and many types of failures, such as client failure...
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...Section 2 AFFECT AND COGNITION AND MARKETING STRATEGY Chapter 3. Introduction to Affect and Cognition Chapter 4. Consumers’ Product Knowledge and Involvement Chapter 5. Attention and Comprehension Chapter 6. Attitudes and Intentions Chapter 7. Consumer Decision Making Chapter 3 INTRODUCTION TO AFFECT AND COGNITION Authors' Overview of the Chapter This is the introductory chapter on consumers' affect and cognition, and it provides a foundation for the rest of this section. Students need to understand the basic concepts presented here in order to apply them throughout the course. We begin the chapter by briefly reviewing the four elements in our basic model, the Wheel of Consumer Analysis. Then we discuss in some detail two broad, internal aspects of consumers' responses--affect and cognition. We describe affect and cognition in terms of two psychological systems that sense, interpret, and respond to information in the environment. The affective and cognitive systems can be thought of as essentially independent, yet highly interrelated modes of psychological response. Affect. Affect concerns people's feelings and emotional reactions. We identify four types of affective responses--emotions, strong feelings, moods, and evaluations--that vary in intensity and level of arousal (see Exhibit 3.2, p. 42). We emphasize that the affective system is largely...
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...FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA Corporate Catalyst India A report on Indian Food Processing Industry 1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW India is the world’s second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India-it is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth. The food industry is on a high as Indians continue to have a feast. Fuelled by what can be termed as a perfect ingredient for any industry - large disposable incomes - the food sector has been witnessing a marked change in consumption patterns, especially in terms of food. Increasing incomes are always accompanied by a change in the food basket. The proportionate expenditure on cereals, pulses, edible oil, sugar, salt and spices declines as households climb the expenditure classes in urban India while the opposite happens in the case of milk and milk products, meat, egg and fish, fruits and beverages. For instance, the proportionate expenditure on staples (cereals, grams, pulses) declined from 45 per cent to 44 per cent in rural India while the figure settled at 32 per cent of the total expenditure on food in urban India. A large part of this shift in consumption is driven by the processed food market, which accounts for 32 per cent of the total food market. It accounts for US$ 29.4 billion, in a total estimated market of US$ 91.66 billion. The Confederation of...
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...startling statistics reveal that Americans, especially children, are not getting the proper nutrients their body needs. America has taken technological innovations in food production to the next level and has an abundant food supply. So why are so many Americans sick with food related diseases? Taking a closer look at America’s diet holds the answer. A typical American diet consists of 70 percent processed foods. This includes packaged foods, fast foods, and foods that could not be prepared with simple ingredients in a home kitchen. Processed foods can broadly be defined at food that is changed from its natural, raw state. Joseph Hyder, a dietician at the Mayo Clinic, defines food processing as: Methods used to transform raw ingredients into different forms of food. Food processing often produces foods that have extended shelf lives and contain...
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...Food Processing and Technology I FS 222-061 Assignment no. 1 PART 1 # Homework 1: Food deterioration methods Submitted by:- Submitted to:- Surjit Kaur Xavier Aguirre Garza 300852404 INTRODUCTION The spoilage of food is the process in which food deteriorates up to that point in which it is not digestible to eat for humans or its quality of edibility is not good. Organoleptic properties, nutritional value, safety, and aesthetic appeal varies with food deterioration. The food is subjected to physical, chemical, and biological deterioration respectively. Various causes of food deterioration are as follows a) The growth of micro-organisms (bacteria, yeast, and mold etc.) b) Activities of natural food c) By Insects, parasites, and rodents d) Temperature (high or low) e) Dryness or Moisture content f) Air (mostly oxygen) g) Light h) Time (King, 2004) Furthermore, the major types of food deterioration are:- a) Microbiological spoilage. b) Enzymatic spoilage c) Chemical spoilage d) Fat oxidation e) Environmental spoilage EXAMPLES OF FOOD SPOILAGE AND FOOD PRODUCTS TABLE:- It shows various types of foods having spoilage under various conditions Food preservation involves the a) Use of heat b) Cold c) Drying (water activity) d) Acid (pH) e) Sugar f) Salt ...
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...will never change. For example, a hunter will go out on an early Saturday morning just when the sun is rising to look for a deer to kill so the family will have meat to eat. After a period of time, several deer are spotted fifty yards away in a clearing. With careful aim, a single shot is placed directly behind a deer’s shoulder that results in, dinner for the evening. Even though animals must be killed in order to supply the humans with meat . . . they should have certain rights prior to their demise. Animal abuse in slaughterhouses is caused by trying to process more animals than the slaughterhouses can handle in order to maximize profits, along with using outdated processing methods with under maintained equipment; however, this problem can be solved by incorporating well maintained up-to-date processing equipment and better internal quality controls. Looking back, as reported by Farm Forward, n.d.: In the last 70 years—a tiny blip in the history of farming—cruel, unsustainable factory farms have grown to the point where they produce more than 99 percent of the domesticated farm animals raised to provide food in the United States. Globally, livestock now cover 30 percent of the earth’s surface. During this same period, industrial farming methods have devastated rural communities by reducing the number of farmers in the nation by 85 percent—even as the US population has more than doubled (para. 2). This is why animal abuse...
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...INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 3, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2010 Microcontroller based Power Efficient Signal Conditioning Unit for Detection of a Single Gas using MEMS based Sensor P. Bhattacharyya*, D. Verma and D.Banerjee Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur- 711103, Howrah, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author: Tel.: +913326684561; fax: +913326682916 E-mail: pb_etc_besu@yahoo.com Abstract-A low power MEMS based sensor along with the embedded power efficient signal conditioning unit (Microcontroller based), which can be used with any suitable sensor-network to detect and quantify variations in a particular gas concentration, has been reported in this paper. The power consumption of the MEMS gas sensor is ~ 70mW to 100mW depending upon its operating temperature (150-250°C) and that of entire signal conditioning unit (consisting of low noise amplifier, switch, microcontroller and power management chip) is ~ 36mW in the ON state and only ~7.2µW in OFF state (sleep mode). The test gas in this particular case was methane for which sensor resistance varied from 100KΩ to 10KΩ. This hybrid sensor system is very much suitable for detecting a single gas with display of corresponding gas concentrations and subsequent alarming if the threshold limit is crossed. Index terms: MEMS, Gas sensor, Low power, Microcontroller, Signal Conditioning I. INTRODUCTION A Signal-conditioning...
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...Galore Industry Overview Global Processed Food Industry Indian Processed Food Industry Processed Food Industry - A Sunrise sector Where the opportunity lies- areas for investment Industry Analysis Driving Forces Major Challenges Indian Food Processing Industry by sectors Diary Fruits and Vegetable Grains Meat and Poultry Fish Packaged/Convenience Food Aerated Soft Drinks, Packaged drinking water Exports FDI in Food Processing Government Regulation and support Regulatory framework Outlook Initiating Coverage Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ruchi Soya Analyst - Nisha Harchekar nishaharchekar@way2wealth.com Sectors - FMCG, Pharma, Entertainment WAY2WEALTH Securities Pvt. Ltd., 15/A Chander Mukhi, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400 021. Tel: +91 22 4019 2900 email: research@way2wealth.com website: www.way2wealth.com Indian Processed Food Industry Sector Coverage Opportunities Galore Executive Summary The size of global processed food industry is estimated to be valued around US $3.6 trillion and accounts for three-fourth of the global food sales. Despite its large size, only 6% of processed foods are traded across borders compared to 16% of major bulk agricultural commodities. Indian food-processing industry is miniscule in comparison and is estimated to be US $40 billion and is likely to grow at over 10%, on the basis of an expected GDP growth rate of 8-8.5% p.a. R uchi Soya FY09(E) CMP (Rs) Marketcap (Rs crores) PE (x) Mktcap/sales...
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...The Role of Analysts and Designers The primary role of systems analysts and designers is, of course, to produce a computer system solution to a problem that meets the customer’s requirements. This task can easily be so absorbing in itself that there is seemingly no time left over for thinking about the non-technical issues surrounding the introduction of a new IT system, much less for setting up a people project to address them. So even if the people project is not driven by analysts, designers, or even IT managers, it needs their active support. Many of the tasks carried out by analysts in the early stages of an IT development project have outputs that the people project will need to draw on. For example, the process of creating data models and data flow diagrams may raise questions of data ownership, which need to be fed to the people project to resolve, perhaps through a redefinition of rolesand responsibilities or the introduction of a new procedure. Likewise, if systems analysts have done a detailed assessment of costs and benefits, this will give the people project some idea of the messages they can use to sell the new IT system to users and managers. Analysts can also draw on the people project for valuable help in areas such as human–computer interface design, discussed in Chapter 15. The look and feel of the HCI can be one of the most significant factors in determining a user’s response to a system. The people project can help create the conditions in which ...
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...RESEARCH ARTICLE REVIEW Vol.3 Issue 1, January-March 2010 ISSN 0974-2441 Nutraceuticals: new era of medicine and health Manisha Pandey *, Rohit K Verma, Shubhini A Saraf Department of Pharmaceutics, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh – 227105, India. Address for correspondence: Manisha Pandey, Department of Pharmaceutics, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh – 227105, India. E-mail: manisha_2929@yahoo.co.in The concept of nutraceutical was stared from the survey in U.K., Germany and France which concluded that diet is rated more highly by consumers than exercise or hereditary factors for achieving good health. Nutraceutical is a term coined to describe substances which are not traditionally recognized nutrients but which have positive physiological effects on the human body. They do not easily fall into the legal category of food and drug and often inhabit a grey area between the two. Risk of toxicity or adverse effect of drugs led us to consider safer nutraceutical and functional food based approaches for the health management. This resulted in a world wide nutraceutical revolution. The nutraceutical revolution will lead us into a new era of medicine and health, in which the food industry will become a researchoriented one similar to the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Medicine, Functional foods. INTRODUCTION The quality of...
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...and sale of foodstuffs. These laws establish guidelines’ regarding handling of food before it reaches the hands of the consumers. Food safety should be carefully monitored to prevent health, economic, and environmental risks. This essay discusses reasons for monitoring food safety closely for the well-being of public health to Australians. Food safety monitoring should encompass the effects of genetically modified foods, microbiological surveillance, and chemical contents of foodstuffs. Furthermore, it should include nutrition and labeling monitoring. Genetically modified foods Australia hit the headlines for becoming the first nation to test genetically modified wheat on its people. Although genetically modified foods are viewed as scientific innovations, they pose health risks to the public. Failure to monitor genetically modified foods allows rogue businessmen to distribute such foods to the public increasing the health hazards caused by these foods. An independent study commissioned to explore the effect of genetically modified foods found out several malfunctions on rats, which were the specimen of the research. For instance, rats developed smaller livers, hearts, and other vital body tissues. Moreover,...
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...Student Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering by cyril nwoba (Roll no. 54373) and Prashant Trivedi (Roll no. 107cs015) Under the guidance of : Prof. B. Majhi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2 . Dedicated to Our Parents and Indian Scientific Community . 3 National Institute of Technology Rourkela Certificate This is to certify that the project entitled, ‘Student Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching’ submitted by Rishabh Mishra and Prashant Trivedi is an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Computer Science and Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the project has not been submitted to any other University / Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Date - 9/5/2011 Rourkela (Prof. B. Majhi) Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 4 Abstract Our project aims at designing an student attendance system which could effectively manage attendance of students at institutes like NIT Rourkela. Attendance is marked after student identification...
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...Digital Image Processing: PIKS Inside, Third Edition. William K. Pratt Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBNs: 0-471-37407-5 (Hardback); 0-471-22132-5 (Electronic) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING PIKS Inside Third Edition WILLIAM K. PRATT PixelSoft, Inc. Los Altos, California A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • Toronto Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. Copyright 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading, downloading, printing, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ @ WILEY.COM. This publication is designed...
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...Jurnal Syariah, Jil. 16, Keluaran Khas (2008) 603-616 Shariah Journal, Vol. 16, Special Edition (2008) 603-616 TAPPING INTO THE WORLD HALAL MARKET: SOME DISCUSSIONS ON MALAYSIAN LAWS AND STANDARDS Zalina Zakaria* ABSTRACT Recently, the HDC or Halal Development Corporation took over the administration of halal from JAKIM (Department of Islamic Development of Malaysia) to establish a specific body that is fully in charge of the halal administration. This appears to be one of the initiatives the government has implemented to raise Malaysia’s standing as a major player in the world halal industry. In its implementation there must also be laws imposing criminal liability on the violation of halal, as well as particular standards for its achievement. This article discusses the laws that impose criminal liability as well as the Malaysian Halal Standard to determine whether Malaysia can position itself as the ‘model’ country for taking charge of halal matters globally. Keywords: world halal hub, laws imposing criminal liability, Malaysian Halal Standard INTRODUCTION It must first be stated that the Islamic dietary and consumption system is different and unique compared to other ethnic dietary systems. The world community ∗ Lecturer at Department of Shariah and Law, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, zalina@um.edu.my. 603 Jurnal Syariah, Jil. 16, Keluaran Khas (2008) 603-616 has now begun to understand the importance of the Muslims requirement for food...
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...Digital Image Processing Second Edition Rafael C. Gonzalez University of Tennessee Richard E. Woods MedData Interactive Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Pubblication Data Gonzalez, Rafael C. Digital Image Processing / Richard E. Woods p. cm. Includes bibliographical references ISBN 0-201-18075-8 1. Digital Imaging. 2. Digital Techniques. I. Title. TA1632.G66 621.3—dc21 2001 2001035846 CIP Vice-President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton Publisher: Tom Robbins Associate Editor: Alice Dworkin Editorial Assistant: Jody McDonnell Vice President and Director of Production and Manufacturing, ESM: David W. Riccardi Executive Managing Editor: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: David A. George Production Editor: Rose Kernan Composition: Prepare, Inc. Director of Creative Services: Paul Belfanti Creative Director: Carole Anson Art Director and Cover Designer: Heather Scott Art Editor: Greg Dulles Manufacturing Manager: Trudy Pisciotti Manufacturing Buyer: Lisa McDowell Senior Marketing Manager: Jennie Burger © 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness...
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