...Scoliosis | Dr. Wright Cell Physiology MSC115-71 April 4, 2013 | Johanna Casanova | Scoliosis is just one of many problems in the human body that does not discriminate against anyone. This common disorder can develop at the beginning of puberty during childhood stages and can progress to more serious problem as the child grows. According to Medline Plus, scoliosis can be legally defined as being a sideways or lateral or “S” shaped curve of the spine also known as your backbone that is part of the skeletal system whose cause is unknown (Mayo Clinic). It is a spinal disorder that can be affected by any individual’s growth process at any given point during the first twenty years of life. The spine can be developed and identified between two different structures. Structural means it is associated with neuromuscular disorder, congenital, or idiopathic or nonstructural as in a spine that is structured normally but with a lateral curvature. Both structures can only be determined by the seriousness of the deformity of the spine, location, direction, and even the cause as to what provoked the spine from becoming more abnormal than it should be (Larson 392). The spine can be characterized by twenty-six bones that associated with ligaments, tendons, and muscles that emerge from the skull and extend down to the lower back. A spine is developed to be able to help support the back of the body which supports movement...
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...Scoliosis is being diagnosed to more than three million patients per year in the United States. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. Whoever suffers from scoliosis has their backbone curve to the side. The angle of the curve may be small, large or somewhere in between. It can form a “c” or a “s” into someone's back. The curve that forms a “c” or a “s” may not directly look at the spine but one way is to notice the way someone is standing. The way someone is standing is very important because it will let you know whether they have scoliosis. There are three different type of scoliosis. The first one is called nonstructural scoliosis which is when your spine works normally but looks curved. This happens because such one legs being...
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...Scoliosis is an abnormal curve of the spine, or backbone. Each of us spine are naturally curves a bit. But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too much. The spine might look like the letter “C” or “S”. Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. It is the most common type and it is grouped by age. In children 3 years old and younger, it is called infantile scoliosis. 4 to 10 years old, it is called juvenile scoliosis. 11 through 18 years old, it is called adolescent scoliosis. Scoliosis most often affect girls than boys. Some people are more likely to have curving of the spine....
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...column and the sacrum. I chose to write about scoliosis. The part of the axial skeleton that is affected depends on the severity of the curve in scoliosis. In mild, non-serious cases of scoliosis, only the vertebral column is affected. This is usually in the thoracic region specifically. In severe cases of scoliosis other regions begin to be affected such as the ribs. Lastly, in extreme cases, scoliosis can affect your sternum which consequently causes internal issues as well. The significant symptom of scoliosis is the curvature of the spine, this can be apparent with the naked eye or seen with a simple physical exam. Other symptoms can include uneven shoulders, waist or height, and ribs could be uneven at different heights. The symptoms can cause pain, low physical action, depression and overall reduce the quality of life for the patient....
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...Exam #3 Pediatric Review Questions 1. Spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by what? 2. Are there any drugs that can decrease spasticity in a child? How would you respond to a parent asking this question? 3. What is a myelomeningocele? 4. Which problem is often associated with a myelomeningocele? 5. What is the most common problem of a child born with a myelomeningocele? 6. What is a recommendation to prevent neural tube defect? 7. How much folic acid is recommended for women of childbearing age? 8. What position do you place a neonate in to feed that has had a myelomeningocele repair? 9. What advice about the diet would you give a parent who has a child with a latex allergy? 10. What are appropriate nursing interventions for a child with latex allergies? 11. What are the clinical manifestations of a child with spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffman disease)? 12. What is the management plan for a child diagnosed with pseudohypertrophic (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy? 13. Therapeutic management of a child with tetanus includes the administration of what medication(s)? 14. Select all that apply: care of a child after a spinal cord injury would include what nursing interventions? 15. How does immobilization affect the metabolism? Increase or decrease the metabolism? 16. How does immobilization affect the cardiovascular system? It causes…. 17. What can result from the bone demineralization associated with immobility? 18. What would you do for a child who has...
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...The fig3 shows a set of lung CT images in JPEG format of size 512 x 512 is considered for study of the system Fig3 lung image There is a presence Gaussian noises in the lung image because of human breathing there are different filters are used to remove the Gaussian noise. Mainly three different filters are used to remove the Gaussian in lung images. The SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).is gets calculated. The better filter chooses by SNR value. Table1 Noise Comparison Table Image Name Gaussian Filter Median Filter Wiener Filter 1 3.9DB 3.2DB 4.9DB 2 3.4DB 3.5DB 4.8DB 3 3.9DB 3.3DB 4.8DB 4 4.0DB 3.0DB 4.9DB 5 3.5DB 3.4DB 4.8DB 6 3.7DB 3.3DB 5.0DB 7 3.6DB 3.2DB 4.8DB 8 3.3DB 3.3DB 4.6DB 9 3.7DB 3.5DB 4.8DB 10 3.9DB 3.1DB 4.9DB The lung regions of the denoised CXRS images are separated from the rest of the anatomical structures by applying graph cut segmentation operations as shown in fig4 Fig4 segmented lungs EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS The output of image processing is to find the TB was shown to an experienced radiologist and based on his feedback, the number of true positives (TP), true negatives (TN), false positives (FP), and false negatives (FN) were counted. Lung classified by the system as normal/abnormal classified as positive by the expert are true positives. Nodules classified by the system as normal/abnormal and classified as negative byte expert are false positives. The performance measures of the system such as specificity...
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...Moving at the speed limit, your insured managed to cross not one, but two lanes before slamming into my client at a perpendicular angle. Consequently, this incident produced several notable injuries. These injuries include lacerations, nerve damage, rib damage, and invariably scoliosis.[ (www.finechiropractic.com/scoliosis.html) Can a Car Accident Cause Scoliosis? “If a person has never been checked for scoliosis and has a car accident and then shows signs of scoliosis, one may infer that the car accident caused the scoliosis.” ] Likewise, the “eggshell plaintiff” law rules that even if the client was symptomatic (scoliosis) prior to the collision, the defendant must take the plaintiff as is.[ (Rideau v. Los Angeles Transit Lines (1954) 124 Cal.App.2d 466, 471 [268 P.2d 772]) “The tortfeasor takes the person he injures as he finds him. If, by reason...
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...Uthra Ramachandran I am a determined and devoted student who has always been excelling, but during my 8th-grade summer, something happened to me that changed my life and high school years dramatically-I was diagnosed with Scoliosis. This was not an easy journey. Initially, I was alarmed and frustrated. I was given a brace and exercises to do to help me get better. The stress from all this annoyed me and made me irritable and angry all the time, but through the help of loved ones, I could get over the condition. Two people that are dear to me helped me get through this tough time, forever changed my life and helped me progress significantly. My dad gave me the guidance and help I needed no matter what the cost. Even if I did not...
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...Dextroscoliosis: This describes the spinal curve which is to the right, dextro meaning right. This type usually occurs within the thoracic spine and is the most common type of curve. The most common regions are the thoracic scoliosis which is the curvature in the middle part of the spine near the chest area. It can be found to occur in its own so it forms a C shape or in some cases a double curve can occur so the curve can bend in the opposite direction in the lower spine and so forms an S shape. Levoscoliosis: This describes the spinal curve to the left, levo meaning left. This may occur in the the lumber scoliosis which is the lower part of the spine, it rarely occurs within the thoracic spine which may indicate that there is a high probability that scoliosis maybe secondary to a spinal cord tumour. In which case it is important that an MRI scan and a thorough diagnosis by a physician is carried out. -...
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...Wednesday, was one of the days we 4th year students were waiting for: Scoliosis Screening!! This yearly event was held at Gen. M. Hizon Elementary School, and we were to assessed grade 5 students, whether if they have scoliosis or not. This event offers us an opportunity to enhance our skills as we apply the lessons we’ve learned in our previous subjects and also, it gives us an opportunity to be outside the school, our comfort zone, learning outside of it and helping those in need. On our way to Gen. M. Hizon, we were thinking on how we will make our discussion lighter, easy to understand, on a “chill” classroom setting. As we wait for our designated room, we felt excited and also, nervous. Excited because we will be able to meet different kids with different personalities; we will be able to teach them what scoliosis is and proper ways to prevent its progression; and this is our first time to be the one who is in charge of giving knowledge. Nervous, because since it is our first time, there were no professors telling and guiding us that what we were doing was correct or not. We were nervous because what if we were giving them the wrong information. However, as time draw near, we pushed through our doubts and we’re confident that we will be doing and saying the right things and do our very best. We entered the room we were assigned to with readiness and confidence. We introduced ourselves, discussed scoliosis, assessed if they had one, taught them simple exercise, gave food as...
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...7. Participate in the Class Discussions of this Case Study—this will be completed on the Discussion Forums page within the ASUN Portal. 8. Email me if you have any questions. The Skeletal System - Aging and Disease The skeletal system is required for nearly every body movement. It also supports the body at rest, protects vital organs, and produces blood cells. However, like any other system, it is susceptible to disease. Different diseases become more (or less) likely as the body ages. A few common diseases include scoliosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis Scoliosis Scoliosis is defined as an “s” or “c” shaped spinal curvature. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence, partially due puberty, a biological time period which causes abnormal growth spurts to the skeletal system. Pre-existing conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy may contribute to scoliosis, although the primary cause remains to be identified. Typically, scoliosis is formally diagnosed after an x-ray examining the spinal column has been performed. Children may require additional...
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...16-year-old girl was diagnosed with Pompe disease at the age of two. When she was four years old, muscle weakness gradually progressed. She was referred to our department in the diagnosis of scoliosis at the age of ten. At the first visit, the major thoracic curve scoliosis was 26˚ (T4-11) and an underarm brace was applied. However, her scoliosis could not be controlled with this brace. At the age of 16 years, she was 155 cm in height and 32 kg in weight. She complained respiratory discomfort in sitting position with a percent vital capacity (%VC) of 32.3% in the sitting position and 38.3% in the supine. Standing X-ray showed scoliosis of 82°at T4-11, and 52˚ at T11-L4, and supine X-ray showed at T4-11, at T11-L4, respectively. We considered that her respiratory discomfort in sitting position was caused by...
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...The patient with chronic low back pain over 7 years and a wide variety of other health conditions including fatty liver, hypertension, recent heart attack was treated with therapeutic massage techniques. From a professional examination, postural inefficiency, lumbar spine osteophytosis and mild scoliosis are found to be the potential causes of patient pain. Massage therapy, as a safe treatment to reduce pain, and enhance patient well-beings, its primary goal is not to cure the disease. In fact, massage often used as a health care treatment to prevent further development of disease. Since the patient had heart attack and took a stent last year,taking medication to maintain thin blood on a daily basis, gentle massage and treatments are used mainly focused on the relaxation of muscle strings, paired with homecare to prevent further development of structural pain. This case study is carried out using hypothesis, the use of MET, PROM, MFTP, petrissage, Hydrotherapy (deep moist heat) would relief the sign and symptoms to improve lumbar spinal...
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...RAD 205 Scoliosis Problem Set 9/23/13 In RAD 205 you will be provided with an example calculation of the organ dose to a patient’s liver for one PA projections for scoliosis. The example assumes the exposure was made with 50 mAs at 90 kVp. For this Problem Set, recalculate the organ dose assuming the exposure was made with 20 mAs at 90 kVp. This assignment is organized into a series of problems. Each problem is worth 3 points (one point for correct equation, one for correct work, and one for the final answer). The example problem below illustrates what is expected. This example problem would earn 3 of 3 possible points. Example problem: If an exposure is measured at 25 milliRoentgen, what is the exposure in units of Roentgen? Equation(s): Show your work: State your answer: The problems that you are to solve are listed below. Refer to the class handout titled “RAD 205 Effective Dose to Patients in Diagnostic Radiography” as you work through these problems. 1 RAD 205 Scoliosis Problem Set 9/23/13 Problem 1. What is the Entrance Skin Exposure? Refer to page 3 of the handout and show your work on the nomogram at right. Equation(s): none for this problem. Use the nomogram instead of an equation. Show your work: Use a straight edge to draw a line starting at 90 kVp on the axis at the far right and ending at approximately 20 mAs at the axis on the left. Find the point at which your line crosses the axis in the middle (ESE). Read the approximate ESE...
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...Marfan Syndrome: A Brief Overview Abstract This paper will discuss the etiology and pathology of Marfan syndrome. It will also explore the signs and symptoms of the genetic disorder. Finally, it will discuss some of the available treatments, quality of life and prognosis of some one affected by Marfan syndrome. Marfan Syndrome: A Brief Overview Marfan syndrome was first described in 1896 by a French pediatrician by the name of Antoine Marfan (1858-1942). Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue in the body. The three main body systems that Marfan syndrome attacks are they eyes, bones and muscles, and the cardiovascular system. Marfan syndrome is also known as arachnodactyly in Greek and translates to “spider-like fingers” because of the elongated bones in the hands and fingers. Marfan syndrome is caused by a mutation on chromosome 15 that affects the production of fibrillin. Fibrillin is a protein that is responsible for allowing tissues to stretch repeatedly with out weakening. With this fibrillin defect, people with Marfan syndrome have hypermobility in their joints causing them to become weak and very loose. Another characteristic of Marfan syndrome is that some patients have excessively long limbs with an arm span greater than their height. The external affects of Marfan syndrome very greatly even with patients in the same family. The severity of Marfan syndrome is different from person to person. According to Rebecca J. Frey’s...
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