...Was There Magic at Qumran? Abraham Kahn Amongst the body of Qumran literature there is a small portion of textual material that seems to deal with different aspects of magical practice. These texts have sparked plentiful debate as scholars have attempted to understand the meaning of these texts, their role within the Qumran community, and how the community’s members felt about the texts. One of the key issues at hand for scholars has been trying to understand how the community reconciled its use of these texts that seemingly describe magical properties with verses in Deuteronomy that prohibit several forms of witchcraft and magic. The purpose of this paper will be to offer definitions for the term “magic” in a religious context in order to gain some context for the broader discussion of the paper, to study two Qumran manuscripts that describe practices that have been categorized to some degree as “magic,” to deliberate whether or not the issue raised by scholars is valid, and, if it is, to offer two scholarly theories proposed to explain how the community used these manuscripts in light of the biblical prohibitions based within the context of the Qumran community’s texts, practices and ideology as a whole. Scholars studying religious societies and practices have struggled to define what characterizes “magic” and to highlight what exactly separates religious practice from magical practice. The crude term itself, “magic,” has been assumed, for the most part, to describe practices...
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...I believe the “empirical evidence of the fulfillment of prophecy” is the most convincing argument that the Bible is the Word of God based upon the fact that it has substantial evidence to support its claims. If one were trying to discredit the Bible and research the reasons they should not believe, they would have a hard time trying to discredit the prophecies within the Bible in which have already been fulfilled. However, some say the prophecies were written after the events happened, but as Dr. Towns discusses: “The Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls establish a historical date to indicate that these books were written before the events they predicted. The Septuagint was the Greek translation of the Old Testament (c. 285 BC) that indicates that Daniel correctly predicted the events of Jesus Christ before they transpired. The Dead Sea Scrolls indicate that the Hebrew text was written and collected before Christ was born.” (p.5) The prophecies were clearly written well before the events occurred, and not only that but the events occurred exactly as written. Psalms and Isaiah are filled with prophecies based upon the death of Jesus Christ. They clearly depict he would be betrayed (Psalms 41:9), falsely accused (Psalms 35:11), Beaten and Ridiculed (Psalms 22:6-17) and would die with the wicked and be a sacrifice for our sin (Isaiah 53:5-12). These prophecies were then fulfilled and the fulfillment told throughout the chapters of Mark, Luke and John. “When the writers...
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...REL 1300 MWF 11:15-12:05 Final Exam: Apr 25, 2016 | 10:00AM-12:00PM Study Guide 1. Which early theorist of religion said the following: “The criticism of religion disillusions man, so that he will think, act, and fashion his reality like a man who has discarded his illusions and regained his senses, so that he will move around himself as his own true sun”? 2. Which early theorist of religion proposed the concept of the numinous? 3. What does Emile Durkheim say that religion essentially is? 4. In Eliade’s model of the sacred and profane, what does it mean for something to be profane? 5. What does Martin Ruel say about the concept of belief in the study of religion? 6. Why does Catherine Bell suggest that scholars reframe their discussions of ritual to instead talk about ritualization? 7. What does Steven Ramey say is the major problem in the popular video “the spread of world religions”? 8. What is the main point that Edward Said makes when talking about Orientalism? 9. Which public speaker in the 1893 World Parliament of Religions spoke about “little wells” and which religion did he/she represent? 10. Which of the following is not one of the postmodern critiques of “religion”. 11. What does Masuzawa say about the study of religion? 12. What is Craig Martin’s “Rule of Thumb”? 13. What does Portier-Young say about apocalypses? 14. What label do we use to refer to a religious discourse that maintains the basic logic...
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...Kevin Combs RELI-3350.1 Chad Spigel 11-9-2009 Beyond the Essene Hypothesis Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, scholars have come up with a variety of theories surrounding the origins and nature of the Essene community at Khirbet Qumran. Gabriele Boccaccini discusses his theory on the origins of the Essene movement, specifically at Khirbet Qumran, in his book Beyond the Essene Hypothesis. In his book, Boccaccini argues that the Essene movement was actually an offspring of Enochic Judaism during the Second Temple period, which later led to the parties of Jesus and John the Baptist. Boccaccini looks at the historiographical analysis and systematic analysis of the Essene community at Qumran to construct his argument. Boccaccini believes that Khirbet Qumran was not the only Essene settlement, but a group of Essenes which were further isolated from society, and followed a stricter covenant than the mainstream Essene community. Beyond the Essene Hypothesis does not suggest anything too radical regarding the Essene hypothesis; but, Boccaccini believes that the term “Qumran” and “Essene” should not be interchangeable with one another. Qumran was merely one example of an Essene settlement throughout the Palestinian area of that time. Comparing the historical writings of Jewish to non-Jewish authors, Boccaccini largely looks at the writings of Philo; the Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus; and Pliny the Elder for historiographical analysis. Boccaccini looks at the ancient...
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...Study Guide for Exam #2 Religion!!!! 1. Canaanite Religion is the name of people who lived in the land before the Israelites got there. Prophecy; 1. Prophets are social critics they critique the flaws they see in society they also lay forth an alternative and they lay out a vision of what could be Navi means English prophet and prophet means messenger or spokesperson for god 2. Classical prophets are prophets that books that bear in their very own name and there are 15 classical prophets major and minor and they differ only in the size of books 3. They did not predict events of 100 or 1000 yrs more ahead of time. They envisioned the impact that it would have on them and the society. 4. H 5. H Hebrew poetry and wisdom literature 1. Cult refers to the outward ritual expressions of inner religious attitudes. Passover – annual holy day spring on the calendar –commemorated the deliberation of the slaves under mosses. Yom Kippur – most solemn day of the entire year national day of forgiveness (Day of Atonement) took place 10 days after New Year’s Day. 2. Parallelism – each line of the Hebrew poetry is divided in half and the first half and the second half operate in parallel with each other. Synonymous meaning that the two halves express the same idea; or they can be antithetical, meaning they express opposite ideas. Synonymous; the heavens are telling the glory of god; and the firmament proclaims his handiwork. Psalms (19; 1) Antithetical...
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...tutorial, you will learn about animation in App Inventor by making a Ball (a sprite) bounce around on the screen (on a Canvas). Name the Project Call it something like "BallBounce". Remember, no spaces. But underscores are OK. Start a New Project If you have another project open, go to My Projects menu and choose New Project. Add a Canvas From the Drawing and Animation drawer, drag out a Canvas component and drop it onto the viewer. BallBounce: A simple game app - 1 BallBounce: A simple game app - 2 Set the Screen so that it does not scroll The default setting for App Inventor is that the screen of your app will be "scrollable", which means that the user interface can go beyond the limit of the screen and the user can scroll down by swiping their finger (like scrolling on a web page). When you are using a Canvas, you have to turn off the "Scrollable" setting (UNCHECK THE BOX) so that the screen does not scroll. This will allow you to make the Canvas to fill up the whole screen. Change the Height and Width of the Canvas to Fill Parent Make sure the Canvas component is selected (#1) so that its properties show up in the Properties Pane (#2). Down at the bottom, set the Height property to "Fill Parent". Do the same with the Width property. BallBounce: A simple game app - 3 BallBounce: A simple game app - 4 Add a Ball Now that we have a Canvas in place, we can add a Ball Sprite. This can also be found in the Drawing and Animation drawer. Drag out...
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...Yigael Yadin’s Archaeological Contributions Introduction Biblical Archeology has helped in supporting the historicity of the Bible. Not that archaeology proves or disapproves the Bible – this it does not, it only supports the history of the Bible. One of the discoveries that support the biblical historicity is the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Dead Sea Scrolls came from eleven caves, mined over the course of seven years, over 15,000 documents supporting biblical historicity have been unearthed at Qumran. One of the archeologist that played an important part in this discovery was Yigael Yadin of Israel. Yadin, not only contributed to the discovery and research of the Dead Sea Scrolls more than any other archeologist, but he also unearthed mysteries surrounding the history of Israel at Masada, Hazor and Tel Megiddo. He was not just an archeologist but he had a public life and military life to make him more of a person of interest. Even though Yadin died, his contributions will be remembered for years to come and will encourage others to continue where he left off. He will be missed greatly in the archaeological field. Hopefully, others will continue his work and continue to excavate different sites in order to find more useful and interesting discoveries of biblical nature. In this paper, we will review who he was, his life as well as his achievements and contributions in the archeological field. We will see that Yigael Yadin was truly an archeologist in every...
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...Website Evaluation Worksheet Questions 1st Website The First Look Kudler fine foods What was your initial impression of the site? Did you feel bored, overwhelmed, or confused? The home page was set up nicely. It was elegant and served its purpose at gathering the attention of the viewer. How much time did it take to realize the purpose of the site? The site is designed to help customers take a look at their stock of fine foods. What is the target audience for the site? The target audience of the site is anyone looking for wines for the people of the Did the site look the same in multiple browsers, if multiple browsers were available? No. The fonts were different in Internet Explorer from the fonts in Google Chrome. The differences were not that big but they were still a different font. Was there contact information immediately available? There was only the location information for the company. Otherwise there was no contact information on the webpage. Were there indications that you could trust the site? What were the indications? There was a terms and conditions page. This gives the visitor how their information would be used and when. Was the text easy to read and easily scanned so that you did not have to read every word? The text was easy to read but was not set up for an easy scanning. However, scanning was better on other pages rather than the home page. What are your thoughts about the layout and colors of the site? What impression do they give?...
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...Geometry of a Scroll By definition, a volution is a turn or twist about a center. A volute is a spiral. A spiral is a circular curve: the locus of a point moving with an ever increasing radius about a fixed center. A spiral may have one or more volutions, as shown in Figure 1. There are many different kinds of spirals, each defined by variations of a basic mathematical equation. The fundamental spiral form is the Spiral of Archimedes, which is defined by the simple equation: r = a, where r is the radius from a fixed center, a is a constant and is the angle (in polar coordinates). Other variants include the hyperbolic spiral, parabolic spiral, logarithmic spiral and involute spiral. If we add a third dimension to a simple spiral, the result is a coiled plane similar in appearance to arolled strip of paper. Ancient scribes rolled written parchments onto wooden spools for storage and safekeeping, which is where we derive the term scroll. Of particular interest to scroll compressor design is the involute spiral, shown in Figure 2. An involute spiral is a spiral with a continuously variable radius measured from the circumference of a base circle centered on a fixed axis. The curve can be visualized as the end point of a tightly pulled cord unwinding from a cylinder. The shape of an involute permits opposing machine elements to mesh so that the bearing faces roll against one another rather than slide (e.g., gear teeth). This reduces friction and wear, and produces a constant...
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...Call of Duty Black Ops 3 Vs. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Call of Duty Black Ops 3 (COD) is a game based off of a military background. It is a first person shooter (FPS) type of game. This type of game is very different from another game type considered as a Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG). Some people have a preference to which type of game they prefer. COD has many fans and followers of their series over the last couple of years. Fans are very into this type of game and prefer to play games strictly related to the COD franchise. COD is very fast paced, very random, and requires little strategy to have fun with the game. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (Skyrim) is what is considered to be an MMORPG. This is the exact opposite of an FPS. Skyrim is very slow paced, requires a lot of skill, and follows a plot. This leads to a much longer game play, and also an extremely large map. COD is played on smaller sized maps and follows no plot. Skyrim you have to have followed the series in order to understand the next part. This is the fifth game in the series. These games are complete opposites of each other. Call Of Duty Black Ops 3 is a very fast paced type of action game. Players choose teams or choose to go solo and battle against each other in a war like scenario. This game has rounds that last around 10 minutes for each particular session. The game can also win when a certain score or objective is reached/ completed. When you are killed...
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...Elder Scroll V: Skyrim is one of the best role playing game that I have played, and this is also the first open world game that I played. I have played this game for 30-35 hours. At the beginning, I kept riding my horse around the world, discovering the various locations, each one is scarier, colder, lonelier and darker. I was attracted by the beautiful of the magnificent mysterious world with a heavenly soundtrack.This illusory world gives me a freedom to do what I want and become the character that I want to be. Later, I more focus on the main quest, and I love the fighting style in the game, it is really realistic to me. Beside playing, I also do some research about the game which makes the game more meaningful to me. Skyrim is the game...
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...The article Running Silent is about robotic vehicle powered by water. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute out of Falmouth, Mass., built this water vehicle that was somewhat like a sea creature that had fins so it could move though the depts. of the water(Winters , 2008). The first with vehicle was battery operated(Winters , 2008); but after the batteries were dead the vehicle was dead. So what WHOI thought of was wax that melted by the warmth of the ocean water(Winters , 2008). As long as the wax was melted the water vehicle could keep running and moving throughout the ocean(Winters , 2008). The information that was given in the article was great but it was not enough it left questions. The quality of information was reliable and it told the who, what, when, where, and how. The way it was presented was in order from when WHOI first stated till when they would probably be done. Some of the information went back and forth about the ocean water and if it would be able to power the water vehicle. Lastly the information about the battery not lasting long how big of a voltage was the battery and the wax how much and what type of wax was being used. My opinion on the article is that it was very interesting. One of my concerns about the ocean water vehicle was that, if it is powered by the warmth of the water what will happen in the winter when the water is freezing temperatures. This article was an eye opener to what could be the future of submarine, cars and all motor vehicles...
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...Love indubitably unites as much as it divides. This story is very much an example of the inconsistency between the personifications of the sea and the land, and the heartache this causes. The short-story is called “Sea Story” and is written by A.S. Byatt in 2012. Its’ main event is partially set in Filey, which is east of the Yorkshire coast and partially in Oxford. Although this is where the main events unfold, we follow a bottle from England and through the world’s vast oceans. The short story’s maincharacter is Harold, a sensitive poet with the ocean in his blood. The story follows him, trying to win his love back, as she studies eels in the Caribbean. Harold was born close to the sea and raised by parents whose love for the waves and the marine life were eternal. His father was an oceanograph, as was his grandfather, and Harold’s mother was an English teacher who wrote “fierce little poems about the waves and weather”. (p. 1, ll. 8-9) It was through his mother that Harold decided to become a student in English literature and this is the distinct difference between him and Laura. Harold chose life on land. Although he carries the sea at heart, he chooses to stay on land and become a graduate in English literature, whereas Laura chooses life in the sea among the waves and the nurdles. She is in ways the opposite of Harold; A “marine Goddess” (p. 4, l. 127) who rises from the deeps of the ocean and steals Harold’s heart. With her long and white-gold hair she ascends...
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...characters in the face of grave danger, where they consider the chance of their own untimely death. Death is a theme in this story because Crane uses dark atmospheric undertones, dark language usage and imagery, and the situations that the characters face forces them to consider their own demise. Before they challenge their demise, the characters, crunched uncomfortably in a dinghy thrown around on the violent and threatening sea, are known as an injured Captain, a cook, an oiler, and a correspondent. It is unknown to the reader how the Captain was injured, and because of his injury he cannot help his crew but by orders from his mouth. “There was something strange in his voice. Although steady, it was deep with mourning and of a quality beyond oration or tears” (344). This displays the Captain’s inability to help. He feels helpless with his injury and feels sorry, possibly guilty and maybe feels like there is no hope left for his crew. Crane uses many dark undertones, imagery and word usage in this short story to depict a theme of death. The “wrath of the sea” is described as having black (often associated with death) waves, with water that is cold, sad and tragic. (345/358) Rowing the boat is thought to be “diabolical punishment” and a “crime against the back” because of the strain on the back, and rowing for pleasure and sport is questioned. (348) And while the other men are taking their turn rowing, the men who are not, “sleep the dead sleep”, curling down in the icy water...
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...Marine pollution resulting from all products released into the seas and oceans as a result of human activity. This pollution comes in the marine environment by the vector of water ways, winds, air at low altitude or is directly discharged into the sea. Generality on the main pollutants: • Chemical pollution includes all minerals and organic wastes (fertilizers, detergents, hydrocarbons or phosphate) • Thermal pollution leads to increased water temperatures by discharges from nuclear or thermal power. • Organic pollution is the sole fact of sanitary sewage or organic waste industries (food, paper, etc.) State of the marine environmental situation The human imprint is evident everywhere: • The oceans and seas are relatively dirty • Coastal areas are affected: habitats are being destroyed by urban development and tourism (mangroves, beaches, coral reefs, shoreline erosion) Scope of pollution worldwide. • increased salinity in some rivers due to the discharge, • Acidification of rain water due to industrial discharges, • Dystrophisation water bodies (ponds, lakes, seas ...) and rivers. Impact: • Overall deterioration in the quality and productivity of the marine environment Several land-based activities contribute to release of contaminants into the marine environment: • Via air emissions • carried by streams, rivers, outfalls, industrial effluents, sewage, leach ate (leachate) The majority of the contaminants remain in coastal...
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